数词用法讲解及练习

数词定义与分类数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词， 如one,five,ten,thirty,sixty-five 等；表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词，如 first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。基数词英语中没有“万”这个读数单位，要表示汉语中的“万”，英语需借用thousand一词，如“一万”用“十个千”表示(tenthousand)，“十万”用“一百个千”表示(onehundredthousand)。用作基数词单位的 hundred,thousand,million,billion通常不带复数词尾 -s，但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数。如：Abouttwothousandpeoplediedintheearthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。Thousandsofpeoplegototheseasideeveryyear. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如：Heisinhisearlytwenties. 他才二十出头 (from。Thistookplaceinthe1930s.这事发生在 20世纪30年代。序数词许多序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾 -th构成的，如 four/fourth，six/sixth，ten/tenth，sixteen/sixteenth，但是nine变为序数词是 ninth，而不是 nineth。twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth等表示整十的序数词，由相应的基数词将词尾 y改为ie，再加-th构成。first,second,third 通常可缩写为 1st,2nd,3rd。凡是以 th结尾的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th”：4th,5th,9th,11th,60th,128th 等。非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可： twenty-first(第21)，thirty-sixth(第36)，ninety-ninth(第99)，threehundredandsixty-fifth(第365)等。hundred,thousand,million等序数词形式为 hundredth,thousandth,millionth等。序数词前通常要用定冠词，但表示考试或比赛等的名次时，通常可省略其前的定冠词。如：Myroomisonthesecondfloorandhisonthethird. 我的房间在三楼，他的房间在四楼。Hewas(the)thirdintheexam. 他考试得了第三名。注：有时序数词前不用定冠词，而用不定冠词，表示次第在原有基础上的增加。如：We’llhavetodoitasecondtime.我们得再做一次 (from。序数词前用定冠词和不定冠词的区别在于： 定冠词表特指， 不定冠词表泛指， 有类似another的意思，但比 another的意思更明确。分数、倍数、小数和百分数1.分数。1)分数由基数词和序数词构成： 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过“ 1”时，分母用复数。如：twothirds=2/3threefifths=3/5注：1/2通常读作a[one]half,一般不读作 asecond;1/4可读作a[one]fourth,也可读作a[one]quarter。(2)分子与分母之间加in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如oneinten十分之一，fiveineight 八分之五。(3)分子与分母之间加outof,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。 如oneoutoften十分之一， fiveoutofeight 八分之五。.倍数。英语中表示倍数时通常借助 half,double,twice,threetimes等之类的词。如：They'retwicethesizeofchickens. 它们比鸡大——倍。Theirhouseisaboutthreetimesasbigasours. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。倍数的几种表达法(1)倍数+as+形容词/副词(原级)+as。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(2)倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(3)倍数+thesize/length/weight …+of+表示比较对象的名词。如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone. 这座桥是那座桥的三倍长。(4)倍数+what引导的从句。如：Thecollegeistwicewhatitwas5yearsago. 这所大学是它五年前的两倍。.百分数。百分数由基数词和百分号 (％)组成，百分号(％)读作percent。如：thirtypercent=30%,60percent=60%用“基数词+percent"。若表示几分之几或百分之几十的人或物时，用加of,作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词数一致。如：Fortypercentofthestudentswearglasses. 百分之四十的学生戴眼镜。Two-thirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood. 三分之二的钱都花在食物上。注意：percent一律用单数形式..小数。小数点前的数按总数念，同其它基数词读法一样，小数点用 point,小数点后面的数按基数词——个——个单独念。如读作 ninepointsixfive。读作twohundredandeighteenpointthreenine。.日期1949年1949读作nineteenforty-nine6月23日June23rd读作June(the)twenty-third或thetwenty-thirdofJune2006年10月October2006读作October,twothousandandsix1600年5月2日May2nd,2005读作thesecondofMay,sixteenhundred.钟点半小时用half,一刻钟用aquarter,半小时以内用past,超过半小时用to。08:00eighto'clock或eight09:15ninefifteen或aquarterpast/afternine02:30twothirty或halfpast/aftertwo05:45fiveforty-five或aquartertosix14:15fourteenfifteen=p.m.23:05twenty-threeohfive24:00twenty-fourhundredhours=midnight.编号.单纯的编号，可在基数词前加 number,简写为No.。如第二。.序号与事物名词连用时分三种情况 (from:⑴小序号可用“the+序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。如第一次课可以说 theFirstLesson或LessonOne。(2)大序号通常只用“名词+数词”。如808号房间Room808;168路公共汽车Bus;南京路1490号1490NanjingRoad;电话号码(用基数词逐个念，0念字母O)。(3)用“a/the+number+基数词+名词”。如abus一辆三路公共汽车，thebus那辆三路公共汽车。VIII.约数1.用tens/dozens/scores/hundreds/thousands/millionsof 表示“几十、几百、上千、成千上万”等。如：Theboyboughtdozensofpencils. 那个男孩买了几十支铅笔。Thousandsofpeoplediedintheearthquake. 数以千计的人死于地震。注意：(1)dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数量时，不用复数。如fivedozeneggs五打鸡蛋，threehundredpeople五百个人。但score用法略有不同，与数词连用时，也力口of。如twoscoreofeggs(40个蛋)。(2)有时单数形式的dozen,score,hundred,million 等前面有数词，后面也有 of,此时的of表示的是部分与整体的关系，其后一定是them,us之类的人称代词或者有 the,these,your之类的限定词。如Iwanttobuythreedozenoftheeggs.( 我想买其中的三打蛋)(from用lessthan,under,below,almost,nearly,upto等来表示小于或接近某数目。如nearlytwohours 将近两个小时。用morethan,beyond,ormore,over,above 等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如morethan100years 一百多年。用or,orso,about,around,some,moreorless 等表示在某一数目左右。如 about50pens大约五十支钢笔， amonthorso大约一个月。5.用to,from…to…,between•••and表示介于两数词。如：Hissalaryrosefrom100dollarsamonthto120dollarsamonth. 他的工资从每月100美元升到了每月120美元。IX.年代表示在某个世纪的几十年代，用“inthe+逢十的基数词的复数”。基数词的复数若用阿拉伯数字表示，可直接加s,也可加's。如“在20世纪80年代”是inthe1980's或inthe1980s,读作inthenineteeneighties。注意：不要漏掉the。X.年龄.表示某人几岁的确切年龄，用“基数词+ years01d”或“基数词+ofage”或者“attheageof+基数词”，也可直接用基数词。如：HebegantostudyEnglishat(theageof)seventy. 他70岁开始学英语。She'sseventyyearsold.=She'sseventyyearsofage.她70岁了。.表示某人几十多岁这样的约略年龄，用"inone's+逢十的基数词的复数 (如tens,twenties,thirties等)”来表达。如：HewenttoAmericainhisthirties. 他30多岁时去了美国。XI.算式2+8=10Twopluseightis/equalsten.Twoandeightare/equalten.Ifyouaddtwoandeight,youwillgetten.8-2=6Eightminustwois/equalssix.Twofromeightis/equalssix.Ifyousubtracttwofromeight,youwillgetsix2x8=16Twomultipliedbyeightis/equalssixteen.Twotimeseightis/equalssixteen.Ifyoumultiplytwobyeight,youwillgetsixteen.8+2=4Eightdividedbytwois/equalsfour.Eightovertwois/equalsfour.Ifyoudivideeightbytwo,youwillgetfour.数词专项练习()1.ThePeople'sLiberationArmywasfounded.A.onAugust1,1927B.in1927,1AugustC.onAugust1st,1927D.inAugust1,1927()2.AboycansingtheEnglishsongverywell.A.ten-year-oldB.tenyearsoldC.ten-years-oldD.tenthyearsold()3.Anhourlater,ministerwassenttoseethe “magiccloth"wovenbythosetwomen.A.twoB.thesecondC.thetwoD.second()4.Doyouthinkthereisanyroomforus?A.twoB.thetwoC.secondD.thesecond()5.Whichnumberiswrong?.A.NinetyB.NinteenC.NinthD.Nineteenth()6.Thenumber4,123isread .A.fourthousandonehundredandtwenty-threethousandandonehundredtwenty-threeC.fourthousandandahundredandtwenty-threeD.fourthousandsahundredandtwenty-three()7.Theoldprofessorstillworkshardthoughheis .A.inhissixtyB.inhissixtiesC.insixtiesD.inthesixty()8.Thisclassroomis ours.A.threetimesbigasB.asthreetimesbigasC.threetimesasbigasD.asbigthreetimesas()9.Thebasketballteamofourschoolranks inthematch.A.threeB.thirdC.thethreeD.thethird()10 .Whichisthecarthathedrives?It ’s .A.fiftytwoB.thefifty-twocarsC.thecarfiftyfourD.thefifty-fourthcar()11.Whichofthefollowingiswrong? .A.Heisafifteen-year-oldboy.B.Heisattheageof15.C.Heisaboyof15.D.Heisfifteenyearold.()12.Ourschoolisnotverybig.Thereareonly students.A.ninehundredsofB.ninehundredC.ninehundredsD.ninehundredof()13. Howmanynewwordsaretherein lesson? ThereareonlyA.five;fifthB.fifth;fiveC.thefifth;thefiveD.thefifth;five()14. ,Coca-ColabegantoenterChina’smarket.A.In1970’sB.In1970sC.Inthe1970s’D.Inthe1970sTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()15.Therewasnobusinthatsmalltown.Wehada .A.tenmileswalkB.ten-milewalk C.tenmile’swalkD.tenthmilewalk()16.Whichroomdoyoulivein? .A.The201RoomB.Room201C.Room201st D.The201’sRoom()17.Threehundredthousandonehundredandseventymeans .A.3,170B.3,117C.300,170D.30,170()18.OnMay , peopletraveledroundthecountry.

A.thefirst,millionsB.thefirst,millionsofC.first,themillionthD.first,A.thefirst,millionsB.thefirst,millionsofC.first,themillionthD.first,millions()19. ofthemarediningatschool.A.TwelveB.TwelfthC.ThetwelveD.the12th()20.7:17isread .A.sevenandseventeenB.sevensevenC.sevenonesevenD.sevenseventeen()21.Four twoistwo.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()22.Three fiveiseight.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()23.Three sevenistwenty-one.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()24.Forty-two sevenissix.A.plusB.minusC.timesD.dividedby()25.Thereare daysinayear.A.threehundredsixtyandfiveB.threehundredandsixty-fiveC.threehundredsandsixty-fiveD.threehundredsixty-five()26.Thereare studentsinthatschool.A.twothousandeight-sixB.twothousandeighty-sixC.twothousandandeighty-sixD.twothousandsandeighty-six()27.Ittookme togetthere.A.twohoursandahalfB.twohoursandhalfC.twohourandahalfD.twohourandhalf()28. isaverytallboy.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA.ThetwelveB.ThetwelvethC.ThetwelfethD.Thetwelfth()29.“Whatyearisit?”“It’s .”A.nineteenhundredandninety-sevenB.nineteenandninety-sevenC.nineteenninetyandsevenD.nineteenninety-seven()30 .“What’sthedatetoday?”“It’s .”A.TuesdayB.JuneFourthC.JunethefourD.Junethefourth()31.ThetrainfromShanghaiwillarrive .

A.inquarterpastsixB.inaquarterpastsixC.atquarterpastsixD.ataquarterpastsixTOC\o"1-5"\h\z()32.Myfriendwasbornon .A.threeofJuly,1979B.thethirdofJuly,1979C.1979,JulythethirdD.1979,thethirdofJuly()33. islessthan .A.One-third;two-thirdsB.One-third;two-thirdC.First-three;first-threesD.One-third;one-three()34.Whichlessondidyoulearnyesterday? .A.LessonSevenB.LessonseventhC.The7LessonD.7Lesson()35.TherewillbeacomedyonTVat thisevening.A.sevenpastthirtyB.halfpastsevenC.seventhethirtyD.thirtytoseven()36.Ittookme tofindoutthekeytothedrawer.A.oneandhalfhours B.oneandahalfhoursC.oneandahalfhourD.oneandhalfhour()37 .I’msotiredafter walk.A.threehoursB.threehours’C.threehour’sD.threehour()38.Thereare starsinthesky.A.millionofB.millionsofC.themillionD.amillionof()39.Thestreetis wide.A.twometersB.twometerC.thetwometerD.atwometer()40.Mostofthestarsaremuchbiggerthanthesun.Buttheyare lightyearsawayfromus.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof()41. ofthesurface(表面)oftheearthiscoveredwithwater.A.FirstthirdB.TwothirdsC.OnethreeD.Twothree()42.Thereare peopleinmyfamily.Weliveonthe floorinatallbuilding.A.five,sixB.fifth,sixthC.fifth,sixD.five,sixth()43.Thefloodhappened .A.inthesummerof1998B.inthesummerof1998sA.inthesummerof1998B.inthesummerof1998sC.in1998ofthesummerD.in1998softhesummerC.in1998ofthesummerD.in1998softhesummer()44.---Howsoonwillyoufinishyourwork?---Inabout.A.oneandahalfmonthB.onemonthandahalfC.oneandhalfamonthD.amonthandhalf()45.Wewillhaveaholiday.WhataboutgoingtoSuzhou?A.fivedaysB.fivedayC.five-dayD.five-days()46.Wearesurethecenturywillbringusmorehopes.A.twentieth-firstB.twentieth-oneC.twenty-oneD.twenty-first()47.Attheageof,hehadhisownlab.A.thirtyB.thirtiethC.thethirtiethD.thethirty()48.---Wouldyoulikesomefruit,madam?---Oh,yes.,please.A.5kilobananasB.5kilosofbananasC.5kiloofbananasD.5kilosofbanana()49.Thisbuildingisfora.A.familyofthreeB.threepeopleC.threepeoplesfamilyD.threepeople'sfamily()50.Lookatthetable.Tomwantstobuyahamburger,alargecokeandanice-cream.Howmuchwillhepay?Hamburger$Orangejuice$Hotdog$Coffee$Ice-cream$Water$Popcorn$Largecoke$A.Threedollarsandsixtycents.B.Fivedollarsandthirty-fivecents.C.Fivedollarsandsixtycents.D.Twodollars.音标语法词汇阅读综合训练Fillintheblanksaccordingtothephonetictranscriptions.L hibringy(»urnearf,Mary.I Z1iu：3O?li/getupatseven..Chinai料agreat/'kAntnATheki“Ktlietwoyctil's111ter.54/wOd'ra：d3(r)/stayatliomrundwatchW.Completethefollowingpassageswiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Eachcanonlybeusedonce.(A) A.chairsB.amazingC.causeD.atleastE.dangerousHomeshouldbethesafestplaceofall,butcarelessnessmakesitoneofthemostAccidentscanhappenwhenpeopleusetablesand 7asladdersandmisusekitchenappliances.Manyhomeaccidentsinvolvefalls.Objectsthatareleftonfloorscanmakeothersfallover.Thekitchenisanotherplacewheremanyfallstakeplace.Cleaningupwateroffthefloorcanpreventmanyaccidents.Burnshappenmostlyathome,andmanyofthemhappeninthekitchen.Ahotovenisanobviousdangerthatcan8painfulburns.Cookingwithheatshouldbedonebyadults,or9withanadultaround.(B) A.withoutB.signsC.insteadofD.aswellasE.regularlyHousefiresarealsoaseriousproblem.Theyoftenstart10beingnoticed,soeveryhouseshouldhaveonesmokedetector (探测器) oneachfloor.Thedetectorscandetect,orsense,anysignofsmokeandwarnyouwithanalarm.Everyfamilymembershouldknowwhattodowhenthereisafire.Onceagreedupon,thesesafetyrulesshouldbereviewedandpractisedtogether11.Thispracticewillcreateamuchsaferhome.Accidentsoftenhappeninpublicplaces12athome.Accidentstakeplaceintheseplacesfortwomainreasons.First,mostvisitorsareunfamiliarwiththeseplaces.Second,publicplacesareoftencrowded.Whileyouareintheseplaces,payattentionto13warningaboutanydangers.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms.Asweallknow,Edisonwasoneofthegreatestintheworld.(science)Wemustkeepthebalanceof.(natural)Ofallthesubjects,Ilikebest.(chemical)Stayinginanair-conditionedroominsummermakesmefeel.(comfort)18.Teachersshouldbetoallthestudents.(patiently)Itistotalkloudlyinthereadingroom.(polite)Thedetectivestoryhasaending.Ilikeitverymuch.(drama)Allthestaffinthisbigcompanyhadexamlastweek.(medicine)IV.Completethefollowingsentencesasrequired.Cathyiskeenonplayingchess. (保持句意基本不变)Cathyisplayingchess.Mymotherseldomgoestoworkbycar. (改为反意疑问句)Mymotherseldomgoestoworkbycar,?Igotothecinemaonceamonth.(对划线部分提问)doyougotothecinema?Itisveryimportanttopayattentiontoroadsafety. (改为感叹句)itistopayattentiontoroadsafety!Thegovernmentwillwidenthisoldstreetnextyear. (改为被动语态)Thisoldstreetwillbythegovernmentnextyear.WhenwillMarygotravelling?Theprofessorwantedtoknow. (改为复合句)TheprofessorwantedtoknowMarygotravelling.paid,MissLi,inthatsupermarket,800yuan,anewcarpet,for (连词成句)V.Choosethebestanswer.Mostpeoplehavedogsaspets.Butdoyouknowthatdogscanalsododifferentjobs?

OnSeptember11,2001,terrorists (恐怖分子)attackedthe.andnearly3,000peopledied.Atthattimeover300dogsweretheretohelptofindandsavepeople.Theyareworkingdogs.TheU.S.armybegantousedogsduringWorldWarI.Now,about2,700dogsareworkinginAfghanistanandIraq,accordingtoDiscoveryNews.Thesefour-leggedsoldiersusetheirpowerfulsenseofsmelltofindbombs,drugsandenemies.Dogsare"man'sbestfriends”.Theycanhelpusworkbetter.Themostcommonjobsforworkingdogsareinsearchandrescue.Theycanfindlostpeopleorbodiesafterabigdisasterorinthewild.Guidedogscanhelpblindpeoplewalksafely.Thesedogscanunderstandsomewords.GuidedogsarepopularintheU.S.andJapan.ManyguidedogsvisitedChinaduringtheBeijingOlympicGames.Therearealsodogsworkingwithdoctors.Theycanhelpautistic(自闭症的)children.Thesechildrensometimesdon'ttalkandliketodothesamethingsagainandagain.AstudyfromCanadain2010showedthatdogscouldmakeautisticchildrenfeelrelaxedandsafe.Herdingdogsareimportanttosheepowners.Theykeepthesheepsafe.TheyarecommoninAustralia,NewZealandandsomepartsofChina.Nowadays,manypeoplehavethemaspets.Sodogsarenotonlyourpetsbutalsoourworkmatesnow.()29.WorkingdogsinAfghanistanandIraqhelpto.keeppeoplesafefindandsavepeoplefindbombs,drugsandenemieskeeptheenvironmentclean()30.Themostcommonjobsforworkingdogsarein.helpingblindpeoplewalksafelysearchandrescuehelpingautisticchildrenkeepingsheepsafe()31.GuidedogsarepopularinChinaandJapanCanadaandtheU.S.AustraliaandtheU.S.theU.S.andJapan()32.AlotofguidedogscametoChinain()33.TheunderlinedwordsinChinese.A.()33.TheunderlinedwordsinChinese.A.狩猎犬 B.牧羊犬“herdingdogs"inParagraph8meanC.警犬 D.玩具犬()34Thebesttitleforthispassageis.A.Four-leggedsoldiers B.GuidedogsarepopularC.Dogsareourpets D.PeopleanddogsmakeagreatteamChoosethebestwordsorexpressionsandcompletethepassage.

Ifyouwanttoknowwhattheweatherwillbe___35___tomorrow,youcanfindaforecastinthenewspaper,onTV,orontheInternet.Untilabout150yearsago,however,forecastsweremadebypeople___36___theirsurroundings.Theypaidattentiontothecloudsandthewind.Theynoticedwhatanimalsweredoingandhowplantsweregrowing.Today,forecastingtomorrow’sor___37___week’sweatheristhejobofmeteorologists(气象学者),scientistswhostudytheweather.Modernweatherforecastingdependsoncollectingenormous(巨大的) amountsofinformation—allaroundtheworld.___38___inthe1840s,AmericanscientistJosephHenrygottheballrolling( 开始某项活动 )formodernforecasting.Hesetupanetworkofabout150volunteerweatherobserversacrossthe.Eventually,600observers___39___temperature,airpressure,andotherconditionsintheirareaeveryday.TheysentthisinformationbytelegraphtotheSmithsonianInstitutioninWashington,whereHenryworked.There,hedisplayedthenation’sweatherconditionsonalargemap.ThesuccessofHenry’svolunteers___40___thecreationoftoday ’sNationalWeatherService.()35.A.as B.likeC.forD.about()36.A.observingC.gaining(((()36.A.observingC.gaining(((()37.A.last)38.A.BackB.OverB.discoveringD.learningfirstC.every D.nextAwayD.Past)39.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased)40.A.stoodforB.seemedlikeC.ledtoD.turnedintoReadthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords.CellphonesandtheInternethaveimprovedourlivesinmanyw___41___.However,theyhavealsobroughtanumberofworryingproblemsthatneedtobenoticed.Manycaraccidentsarec___42___bycellphones.NowpeoplecanusecellphonestogetontheInternet,anditisveryconvenient.ButsomedriversgetontheInternetwhentheyaredriving.Drivingneedsdrivers ’attention.Thesec___43___driversareadangertousallbylookingattheircellphonesandnotattheroad.ManyofthedangersoftheInternetarewellknown.Childrenwhov___44___websiteswithouttheirparents’permission(允许) sometimestalktostrangers,andputthemselvesingreat d___45___. Peoplewithblogssometimespostembarrassingphotographsofothersontheirwebsiteswithoutpermission.TherearealsopeoplewhousetheInternettogetotherpeople ’sp___46___information.CellphoneandInternetsafetytips:Ifyouneedtouseacellphonewhiledriving,usea “hands-free”phone.Indifficultdrivingsituationssuchasrainorsnow,donotuseyourphoneatall.TellyourchildrennottotalkwithanyonetheydonotknowontheInternet.R___47___togiveoutanyimportantpersonalinformationontheInternet.Answerthequestions.Ellawasleft-handed.Whenshegotinthethirdgrade,hermarkswereextremelypoorbecauseherteacher,MissMennis,couldn’tunderstandElla’sterriblehandwriting.MissMennisforcedEllatowritewithherrighthand.SheevenstoodoverpoorlittleEllaandmadesurethatthepupilwasn ’tusingherlefthand.WhenEllagotinthefourthgrade,shehadamuchyoungerteacher,MissKindred.Shegavepupilshandwritingexercises.Oneday,sheaskedEllatostayintheclassroomafterclass.EllathoughtMissKindredwasgoingtopunish （惩罚） herbecauseofherbadhandwriting.MissKindredaskedEllatowriteafewwordswithherrighthand.ThenshemadeEllawriteafewwordswithherlefthand.Ellalookedupatherwhenshefinishedwriting,andtheteacherhadawarmsmileonherface.MissKindredgaveEllaawr