英语读写试卷

英语读写试卷英语读写试卷英语读写试卷英语读写试卷编制仅供参考审核批准生效日期地址：电话：传真:邮编:Work-lifeBalance:AGrowingStruggle

A)

Wecanemail,text,face-bookandtweetanywhere,anytime.Buthavesmart-phonesandtablets(平板电脑)madeiteasiertobalanceworkwiththerestoflife?

B)

InthedecadesinceJohnHowarddubbedthework-lifebalancea“barbecuestopper”,mobiletechnologieshaverevolutionizedworkformanyAustralians.Theyhaveeliminatedthephysicalboundariesthatoncedefinedworkplacesandallowedemployeesunprecedentedflexibility优点inwhereandwhentheywork.Butnewtechnologiescanbeamixedblessingforworkers.Theofficeisalwaysinyourpocket.

优点C)

TheAustralianWorkandLifeIndex,preparedbytheCentreforWork+LifeattheUniversityofSouthAustralia,hastrackedthework-lifeexperienceofAustralianworkersforfiveyears.Thelatestreport,titled“TheBigSqueeze”,showslittleimprovementinwork-lifeoutcomesinthattime.Accordingtothecentre’sdirectorandaco-authorofthereport,ProfessorBarbaraPocock,atleastaquarterofAustralianworkersarebadlyaffectedbywork-lifeinterference.“Wearenotseeingarunawaytrainherebutweareseeingaproblemthatisaffectingalotofpeopleanditisverypersistent,缺点”Pococksays.

缺点D)

However,thereisonegroupforwhichthingsaregettingworse:full-timewomenworkers.Thatgroup’sdissatisfactionwiththeirwork-lifebalancehasclimbedfrompercenttopercentoverthepastfiveyears,whilethesamerateforfull-timemenhasbeenfairlysteady.Sevenoutof10full-timewomenworkersoftenoralwaysfeel“rushedandpressedfortime”and41percentofmotherswithfull-timejobssaidtheywouldprefertoworkpart-time–

thelargestproportionsince2007.

E)

ProfessorPococksaysmobiletechnologiesareacontributingfactor,especiallyforthosewhoworkintheservicesectorandamongmanagersandprofessionals.“We’vegotworkthat’sleapingthespatialboundaryoftheworkplaceandthat’sparticularlyaffectingfull-timewomenwhoareholdinghouseholdstogether,”shesays.“Mobiletechnologiesareafantasticresourcebutourdatashowsthere’sadarkside.there’sadarkside.Andit’softenoverwhelmingtheflexibilitythatnewtechnologiesgive.Peoplefeelgoodaboutbeingabletodealwithstuffontherunandwhenitsuitsthem,butit’sgotarealshadowside.”

there’sadarkside.F)

LizMarchantreliesheavilyonmobiletechnologiesinherroleasadirectoroftheSydney-basedmarketingandpublicrelationsfirmRecognitionPR.Checkingemailsis“thefirstthingIdowhenIwakeupandthelastthingIdobeforeIgotosleep”,shesays.“BecauseI’maworkingmum,Itypicallyleavetheofficeatfiveo’clockonthedotbutIalwayscheckinofaneveningtomakesurethatIhaven’tleftanythingundone.”Shealwayswaitsuntilhersix-year-oldhasgonetobedbeforecheckinginonwork.“Whatwehavenowisan‘instantresponse’society,”shesays.“Wesendanemailandwedoexpectaresponsenomatterwhattimeitis,orevenwhatdayitis,andthatchangesthedynamicsofeveryday.”现状“Mobiledevicesprovideopportunitieswedidn’thaveafewyearsagointhatwecanleaveandpickupthekidsfromschoolandnotfeelguilty,”shesays.“Butitmeansyouneverturnoffbecauseyouarealwaysconnectedandthere’sanexpectationthatyouwillalwaysbeacrossthings.Mobiledevicesenablemetobetherewiththekidsbutitalsomeansyoumightnotbepaying100percentattention–

soit’sacatch-22(进退两难的处境),right?”现状

G)

MelissaGregg,aSydneyUniversityacademicwhohasdoneextensiveresearchontheimpactoftechnologyonworklife,saystheflexibilityandconvenienceofferedbymobiletechnologiesgetmuchmoreattentionthanthecosts.“Thetroubleisthatmobiletechnologiesarechangingthelocationsofwork,”shesays.“WenolongerhavephysicallimitsonhowweaccessourworkandIthinkthat’ssomethingthatwe’veavoidedthinkingaboutcarefully.”

H)

Greggfoundnewtechnologiesmeantmanyemployees–

especiallywomenwhoworkpart-time–

aredoinglargeamountsofunpaidwork.“Duringmyresearchwomenwouldsaytome,‘It’ssoconvenienttohavemylaptopopenonthediningroomtable.IcankeepaneyeonmyemailwhileI’mcookingdinnerandwhileI’mhelpingmychilddohishomework’.Whilethat’sdescribedasconvenient,theyareactuallyengaginginthreedifferenttypesofunpaidlaborinthatsituation.It’shardlyconvenientifyourworkisn’tbeingrecognized.”Shealsodiscoveredmanyworkerscheckemailsinthemorningtotrytogainmorecontrolovertheirworkdays.

I)

Pococksaidherteam’sstudyconfirmstheimportanceofpoliciesthatpromotegreaterflexibilityforworkers.Twoyearsagoparentswithofpreschoolchildren,orchildrenunder18withadisability,weregiventhe“righttorequest”workflexibilityfromtheiremployer.ButtheUniversityofSouthAustralia’sresearchshowedmanyparentsareunawareoftherighttorequestflexibility,orunwillingtoasktheiremployer.

J)

“Inmanyworkplacesgettingflexibilityisdifficultespeciallywherestandardworkingarrangementsaredominant,非常有道理theclimateishostiletoflexibility,orworkersanticipateastigma(耻辱)arisingfromarequestforflexibility,”thereportsays.

非常有道理K)

Since2008theuniversity’sresearchpointstomorepeoplesayingthatworkinterfereswithactivitiesoutsidetheirjobsandwithspendingtimewithfriends.Theratesofperceived“workintensification”reportedbyAustralianworkersishigherthaninEuropeusingsimilarmeasures.Nearlyathirdofworkersfeelthattheyhavetoomuchworkforonepersontodopercentofwomenandpercentofmen).Almostoneinthreemenputinmorethan48hoursaweekandmostofthemwantedtoworkless.

L)

Butthereisaparadox.Overthelastfouryearsthosesatisfiedwiththeirwork-lifebalancehasrisenslightly,frompercenttopercent.Workersareasstressedormorestressedthaneverbutthereisalevelofacceptanceaboutitthatthisisthewaythingsare.“Thisisnotallanegativestory,”Pococksays.“Lotsofpeoplearemanagingfine.”

“Lotsofpeoplearemanagingfine.”

“Lotsofpeoplearemanagingfine.”M)

ArchitectHelenaBarrigaworkshoursaweek,hastwodaughtersagedfiveandeight,anddoesmuchoftheunpaidworkathomesuchastakingthegirlstogymnasticsorswimming.Herscheduleallowshertopursueacareersheenjoys.“Iwouldn’twanttoreducemyhours,”shesays.“Ithinkitworksforthegirlsandworksforme.”Anotherarchitectandmotheroftwo,KirstenGrant,saysthebalancetomanageworkandfamilyispartofalifeshewantsandacareersheloves.“WorkisimportanttomesoI’mpreparedtopayforit.Ifyoudoalistofprosandcons,there’dbeasignificantnumberofnegatives,butI’dsaythepositivesoutweighthenegatives.”总结总结1)L)Thoughundergreaterpressurethaneverbefore,manyworkerscannotonlyacceptitbutalsomanageitwell.2)H)

Itisfoundthatnewtechnologiesmakemanyworkers,especiallypart-timeworkingwomen,doalotofunpaidwork.3)B)MobiletechnologieshavecompletelychangedmanyAustralians’wayofworking,makingtheirworkingtimeandplacemoreflexible.4)F)

Mobiledevicesmakeworkingmothershavemoretimetobewiththeirkids,buttheyareunabletopayalltheirattentiontothekidswiththedeviceskeptonallthetime.5)C)ItisreportedthatatleastonefourthofAustralianworkersareseriouslyinfluencedbywork-lifeinterference.6)K)Moreandmorepeoplethinkthatworkinterfereswiththeirtimewithfriendsandtheiractivitiesoutsidework.7)M)Wepayfarmoreattentiontotheflexibilityandconveniencebroughtbymobiletechnologiesthanthecostswehavetopay.8)J)Intheworkplaceswherestandardworkingarrangementsprevail,itisdifficultforworkerstoaskforflexibility.9)D)

Overthepastfiveyears,therateoffull-timewomenworkerswhoaredissatisfiedwiththeirwork-lifebalancehasbeenontherise.10)I)

Althoughparentswithpreschoolchildrenweregiventherighttorequestforworkflexibility,theyarenotrealizingtheexistenceoftherightorunwillingtoexerciseit.阅读理解15题，总分值：15分Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Wealllaugh.Weallhurt.Weallmakemistakes.Wealldream,that’slife.It’sajourney.Pleasefollowtheserulestomakethejourneyofyourlifeajourneyofjoy!Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingill,newstudyfindingssuggest.

Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnydisposition(性格)werelesslikelytofallill.Thefindings,publishedinthejournal

PsychosomaticMedicine,buildonevidencethata“positiveemotionalstyle”canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillnesses.

Researchersbelievethereasonsmaybebothobjectiveasinhappinessboostingimmunefunctionandsubjectiveasinhappypeoplebeinglesstroubledbyascratchythroatorrunnynose.“Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmuneresponsetothevirus,”explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.“Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere.”

Cohenandhiscolleagueshadfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacold,butsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionaltraititselfhadtheeffect.

Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultswithcompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalitytraits,self-perceivedhealthandemotional“style”.Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy-goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostilehadanegativestyle.Theresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirus.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedonanyaches,pains,orsneezing(打喷嚏)theyhad,whiletheresearcherscollectedobjectivedata.Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthatbasedonobjectivemeasuresofnasalwoes(鼻部的不适),happypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.11)Thenewstudyfindingsintheexperimentsuggestthat_________.

A.Havinganegativeemotionisharmfultothecharacter.

B.Beingoptimisticismoreprobabletokeephealthy.

C.Stayingpositiveismorelikelytocatchcold.

D.Havingagooddispositionismorelikelytogetill.12)Thephrase“wardoff”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans“_________”.

A.shrugoff

B.keepaway

C.setaside

D.givein13)ItcanbeinferredfromDr.SheldonCohen’sinterpretationthat______________.

A.peoplewithapositiveemotionaremorelikelytoregardtheirillnessaslessserious.

B.peoplewithapositiveemotionaremorelikelytointerprettheirillnessobjectively.

C.peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikelytointerprettheirillnesssubjectively.

D.peoplewithanegativeemotionaremorelikelytoboostimmunefunctiontothevirus.14)Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethatthebenefitsofhavingapositiveemotionalstyleare_____________.

A.self-evident

B.tobefurtherstudied

C.stilldubious

D.provenbyscientificresearch15)WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebestTITLEforthepassage?

A.ScientificEvidenceofStayingHealthy

B.TheHealthBenefitsofStayingPositive

C.TheSecretsofStayingPositive

D.AHappyJourneyFullofJoy

AgenerationafterAmericanslostthehabitofknowingwhotheirspaceheroesreallyare,theColumbiaastronautswererememberedTuesdayasawe-struck(肃然起敬的)youngsterswholongedto“reachthestars”,andasfun-lovingbutdedicatedadultswhoneverlosttheirsenseofadventure.PresidentBushandfirstladyLauraBushattendeda45-minutememorialceremonyattheJohnsonSpaceCenter.

ThepresidentandthechiefoftheastronautcorpshelpedbringtheadventurouslivesofthesevenColumbiaastronautswhodiedSaturdayintofocusforNASAemployeesandthenation.NavyCapt.KentRominger,theastronautcorpschief,rememberedthecrewasa''generousandcaringbunchwithagreatsenseofhumor''.

Bushalsoeulogizedeachastronaut.Hespokeonabreezy,cleardayasthousandsofspaceprogramworkersstoodaroundatree-linedpond.ThetelevisedceremonywasalsobroadcastforworkersattheKennedySpaceCenterinFlorida.''Theirmissionwasalmostcomplete,andwelostthemsoclosetohome,''Bushsaid.''Theirlosswassuddenandterrible.Andfortheirfamilies,thegriefisheavy.Ournationsharesinyoursorrowandyourpride.Andtodayweremembernotonlyonemomentoftragedybutsevenlivesofgreatpurposeandachievement.''BushdeclaredthattheUnitedStateswouldcontinueitsmannedspaceprogram:''Thiscauseofexplorationanddiscoveryisnotanoptionwechoose.Itisadesirewritteninthehumanheart.''

BushwasaccompaniedtoHoustononAirForceOnewithformersenatorJohnGlenn,thefirstAmericantoorbittheEarth,andNeilArmstrong,thefirstmantosetfootonthemoon.Thepresidentarrivedattheceremonywalkinghand-in-handwiththefirstlady.Afterward,theymetprivatelywithabout40familymembers.AWhiteHouseassistantsaidBushspoketoeachperson.Hemadesmalltalkwiththechildrenaboutschoolandofferedhisregretsformeetingatsuchatragictime.Hetoldonewidow,‘‘you'reastrongsoul.''Hesaidtoonefatherwholostachild,‘‘we'resoproudofyouasafather.''

TheroarofNASAT-38trainingjetsthatflewa''missingman''formationstillechoedinthedistance,asspaceagencyworkersleavingtheceremonysaidtheyhadfoundcomfortintheservice.16)Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Spiritofthosespaceheroes.

B.AddressofthepresidentBush.

C.Descriptionofthememorialceremony.

D.TragedyofsevenColumbiaastronauts.17)WherewastheceremonyinmemoryofthesevenColumbiaastronautsheld?

A.InWashington.

B.InFlorida.

C.AttheKennedySpaceCenter.

D.AttheJohnsonSpaceCenter.18)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.LauraBush,thefirstlady,tookpartintheceremonywiththepresident.

B.WorkersattheKennedySpaceCenterattendedthememorialceremony.

C.ThesevenColumbiaastronautslosttheirlivesonSaturday.

D.TheUnitedStateswillcontinueitsmannedspaceprogram.19)Whatdoestheword“eulogized”inParagraphthreemostprobablymean?

A.recalled

B.mourned

C.praised

D.discussed20)Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Bushonlyhadtimetotalkwiththoseoldfamilymembers.

B.Trainingjetsflewina''missingman''formationattheendoftheceremony.

C.JohnGlennisthefirstAmericantosetfootonthemoon.

D.ThechiefoftheastronautcorpstookthesevenColumbiaastronautshome.Adogcouldbeababy'sbestfriend,accordingtoastudypublishedinamedicaljournal.Infantslivinginhouseholdswithdogswerehealthierandhadfewerearinfectionsthanthosewithoutadog,thestudyfound.Researchersalsofoundthatcatsappearedtooffersomeprotection,butthelinkwasn'tasstrong.Thestudy,postedonlineMondayandbasedon397childrenwholivedinruralandsuburbanpartsofFinland,examinedwhethercontactwithdogsandcatsduringababy'sfirstyearoffersanyprotectionfromcoldsandresultingcommonearinfections.

“Thechildrenhavingdogsathomewerehealthier,theyhadlessearinfectionsandtheyneededlessantibiotics(抗生素),”saidEijaBergroth,thestudy'sleadauthor.Onemeasureshowedchildrenwithdogswerereportedasbeinghealthyforabout73percentofthetime,basedonweeklyquestionnaires,comparedwithabout65percentofchildrenwithnodogcontactathome.

Whilethestudytrackedjustunder400babies,theresearcherssaidtheresultswerestatisticallysignificantbecauseitreliedonweeklyquestionnairesfilledoutbyparents.Dr.Bergrothexplainedthatchildrenwholivedinhouseholdswheredogsspent18ormorehoursadayoutside,showedthemosthealthydays,fewerfeversandtheleastuseofantibioticscomparedwithbabieswithnodogathome.Onetheoryisdogsthatspendalotoftimeoutsidelikelybringmoredirtandbacteriainsidethehomecomparedwithdogsandcatsthatspendmoretimeindoors,shesaid.Researchersbelievethatexposuretodirtandbacteriabuildsupbabies'immunesystems.

Earlierstudiesusingsmallersamplesofchildrenhaveshownconflictingresultsontheimpactofanimalexposureoninfectionsandallergies(过敏症),thoughastudyfundedbytheNationalInstitutesofHealthshowedchildrenexposedtotwoormoredogsorcatsintheirfirstyearhadlowerchancesoflaterdevelopingallkindsofallergiesthanchildrenexposedtooneornopets.21)Whichoffollowingistrueaccordingtothestudypublishedinamedicaljournal?

A.Livingwithpetscanpreventinfantsfromcoldsandearinfections.

B.Thereisastronglinkbetweeninfantslivingwithdogsandtheirhealthconditions.

C.Infantslivinginhouseholdswithcatsarehealthierthanthosewithdogs.

D.Infantslivingwithdogsinsuburbanareasarehealthierthanthoselivinginruralareas.22)Howdidtheresearchersexplainthefindingsoftheirstudy?

A.Dogsandcatsthatspendmuchtimeindoorshelpbuildupbabies’immunesystem.

B.Infantsthatspendalotoftimewithdogsdon’tneedtouseantibiotics.

C.Dogsthatspendalotoftimeoutsidehelpenhanceinfants’immunesystems.

D.Theoutdoorexposureofinfantstodirtandbacteriaishelpfultotheirhealth.23)Whatmightbethepossiblereasonthattheearlierstudieshaveshownconflictingresults?

A.Theyhadlowerchancesofstudyingallergiesofchildrenexposedtooneornopets.

B.Theywereusingsamplesnotbigenough.

C.Theywerestudyingchildren’sexposuretomorethantwodogsorcats.

D.Theywereonlyusingsamplesofdogs.24)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Thesamplesofthestudyarebigenoughtocoverchildreninbothruralandurbanareas.

B.Themoretimedogsspendoutside,thebettertheycanprotectchildren’shealth.

C.Weshouldnotuseantibioticsforchildren.

D.Weshouldkeepmoredogsindoorsforchildren.25)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Pets:Children’sBestFriends

B.DogsandHealthofChildren.

C.KeepDogsinHouseholds.

D.ExposuretoDirtandBacteriaBetterthanAntibiotics.词汇与结构20题，总分值：20分Directions:

ForeachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestonetocompleteeachsentence.26)Thepillcannotcureacommoncold,butitcan________thesymptoms(症状).

A.medicate

B.alleviate

C.aggravate

D.bypass27)Ididnotswitchonthelightincaseitshould________her.

A.shine

B.faint

C.dazzle

D.glare28)Thecrimewas________byevidenceofchildabuseandthefactthatthevictimwasveryyoung.

A.reinforced

B.strengthened

C.increased

D.aggravated29)Goodtelevisionprogramsshould________todifferenttypesofinterestandtasteamongthepublic.

A.adopt

B.match

C.cling

D.cater30)Lawrenwaswelloffandableto________paintingashisfavoritepastime.

A.submitto

B.participatein

C.indulgein

D.takeinto31)Inspiteofthe________economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.

A.obscure

B.bleak

C.feeble

D.shadowy32)Thewinnersofthefootballchampionshipranoffthefieldcarryingthesilvercup________.

A.triumphantly

B.turbulently

C.imperatively

D.tremendously33)Herehewasstressing________hisoriginalprinciplethathisunitshouldbeusedstrategically.

A.gravely

B.regrettably

C.forcibly

D.grac