2022届上海市崇明区高三一模英语试题

考查动词短语辨析。句意：例如，如果你喜欢吃甜馆你可能需要考虑放卞那些甜食。A・puttingdown放2B.messingup舌L；C.figurmgout#清楚：D・tuinmgover翻身。根据后文"Notonlyissugarbadforyourhail；butitcancauseyourbloodsugai-levelstorisedramatically''可知,甜食对你的头发和血糖有坏处，所以你可能需要考虑放下甜食。故选A项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：糖不仅对你的头发有害，而且会导致血糖水平升高，而男性的血糖升高会导致雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤和潜在的脫SoA.recreation娱乐：B.damage损坏：C.replacement更换：D・disappearance失踪。根据上文“micethathadbeengivenahigh-fatdiet(HFD)weremoresubjecttoiiiflaniinatory(炎症的)responsesinthebodywhich,5、blockedfollicleregeneration,leadmgtohairlossn可知，高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症，阻止毛囊再生，推测，男性多吃糖会导致血糖升高，雄激素水平升高，导致毛囊损伤。故选E项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的，不要这么做。A.use使用；B.prospect前景；difference差异：D・mistake错误。根据后文“theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)haslistedhairthinningandhaklossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof15ofaspartame・"可矢口,人工甜味剂过量摄入会导致副作用，用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的。故选D项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)在对阿斯巴甜的分析中，将头发桥疏和脱发列入阿斯巴甜摄入过量的主要副作用之一。A.disrespect不尊重；B.undeivaluation低估：C・oveiconsumptum过度消费；D.niisunderstandmg误解。根据上文46Butdon^tmakethe14ofsubstitiitmgsugarforartificialsweeteners."可推测，人工甜味剂摄入过量会导致副作用，推测此处表示过量摄入。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassage&Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheemployeesatHelwigCaibonProductsinMilwaukeehavetheirowncompanycafeteriaonasite,araiityitseenismoreandmorethesedays.Butifanyonewantstoeatadoughnut(用fSIfl觀)、lfsgoingtocosttwiceasmuchaswhattheymightpayforthesweetatthelocalgrocerystore.TliafsbecauseHelwigCarbonProductshasawellnessprogiam,anditisoneofnianvlocalcompaniestryingtoshowemployeeshowtoeathealthier."We'rereallytiyingtopersuadepeopletoeathealthier/"saidCheiylBrah,humanresourcesdirectoratHelwigCarbonProducts."Apieceoffruitis25cents;adoughnutisSI.50—andwestillhavepeoplewhobuydouglmuts・Peoplecomplain—butwereallytrytoputouieffortstowaidthemiddle-of-the-linepeoplewhomightleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventually?'TliiseffortisnJtjusthappeiimgatHelwigCarbon.Therehasbeenacity-widemovementof44localcompanieswhoaddedorevolvedthekhealthandwellnessprogramstothekcompanyculture,andbecauseofitMilwaukeeisnownationallyrecognizedforalargenumberofbusinesseswitliwellnessprograms・Itallstartedseveralyearsago,whenaprogramcalledWeilCityMilwaukeeteamedupwitli44localbusinessesthatcollectivelyrepresentaworkforceof130,000employees・WellCityMilwaukeeprovidedhealthypracticesguidelinesforbusinesses.Inexchange,itsuiveyedtheemployeestofindoutwhattheirhealthneedsandriskswereandwhatactivitiestheyfoundinteresting.WellCitythensetaveryhighbarforcompaniestomeetalotofexpectationstobeconsideredatopwelliiesspiogiani.CompaniesneededaconmutmentfiomtlieCEO;toformawellnessteam;tocollectinformationfromtheemployeesiiisurveysandhealthassessments;tocomeupwithanoperatingplan;tocreateasupportiveenviiomnent;tosei人evaluatetliekeffoits;andfinally,tochoosetheifbestapproaches.Thatmeantcomingupwithactivities,betternutritioneducation,andmotivationalprogiainslikegettingpeopletoquitsmoking,gettmgpeopleinformedicalself-careandworkingonstressmanagement.Whatdoesthepassagemainlywanttotellus?Companycafeteriasareraierandraierthesedays・Ahealthydietisespeciallym^ortaiittopeople'shealth.Companycultureisgainingpriorityinacompany'sdevelopment.Companiesaietiyingtohelpthekemployeesthinkaboutthekhealth・Thecompanycafeteriachargesmuchmorefordouglmutsinorderto・dnveemployeestothelocalgroceiystoreshowtherichingredientsofthedouglmutsC・profitmorefiomthewelliiessprogramDdiscouragethepurchaseofuiiliealthyfood“Themiddle-of-the-linepeople"inParagraph2refertothosewho・aieneutralaboutwhattoeataieusedtocuttinginlinewhenbuyingfoodC・aieaddictedtosweetfoodaremiddle-agedandhavehealthproblems59.AccordingtoWellCityMilwaukee^requirements,atopwellnessprogramofacompanyshould.motivateitsemployeestocooperatewitheachotherdiagnoseandtieatitsemployees5diseaseseffectivelyuutiaterelatedactivitiesbasedontheiremployees5needsprohibititsCEOfiomputtmganypressureoilitsemployees【答案】56.D57.D5&A59.C【解析】【分析】密尔沃基市海尔威格碳制品公司现在有人量拥有健康项目，它是许多试图向员工展示如何吃得更健康的当地公司之一，得到了全国的认可。44家当地公司在全市范闱内开展了一项运动，他们在公司文化中加入或发展了健康和健康项目，公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。【56题详解】主旨人意题。根据文章最后一段"toformawellnessteam;tocollectmformationfiomtlieemployeesinsurveysandhealtliassessments;tocomeupwithanoperatmgplan;tocreateasupportiveenvuomnent;toself^evaluatetheirefforts;andfinally,tochoosetheirbestapproaches.（组建健康团队;在调查和健康评估中收集员工的信息;想出一个操作计划;创造一个支持性的坏境;自我评价自己的努力;最后，选择他们最好的方法。）”结合上文可知，本文主要是介绍了公司正努力帮助员丁考虑他们的健康问题，所以D选项“Companiesaretiyingtohelptliekemployeestluiikabouttheahealth.（公司正试图帮助他们的员工考虑他们的健康。）为本文主要人意。故选D项。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Peoplecomplam—butwereallytiytoputoureffortstowardthemiddle-of-the-linepeoplewhomightleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventually.（人们会抱怨，但我们真的试图把我们的努力放在对吃什么持中立态度的人身上，他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方。）”可以推知，提高甜甜圈的定价，是为了让人们不去买不健康的食物，从而购买健康食品，D选项"discouragethepurchaseofunliealthyfood（不鼓励购买不健康食品）”为正确意图。故选D项。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句该词后面的定语从句“whonughtleanmoretowardthewellnessside,eventiiaUy.（他们最终可能更倾向于健康的一方）”可知，划线词是指面临选择的人，可选健康也可选不健康食物的中立态度者，所以A选项“areneutnilaboutwhattoeat（对吃什么持中立态度）”为相近意思。故选A项。【59题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后三句"WellCityMilwaukeeprovidedhealthypracticesguidelmesforbusinesses.Inexchange,itsuiveyedtheemployeestofindoutwhatthekhealthneedsandriskswereandwhatactivitiestheyfoundiiiterestuig.WellCitytliensetaveiyhighbaiforcompaniestomeetalotofexpectationstobeconsideredatopwellnessprogram.（密尔沃基市为企业提供了健康的做法指导。作为交换，它调查了员工，了解他们的健康需求和风险，以及他们感兴趣的活动。嗯，WellCity为公司设定了很高的标准，以满足很多人的期望,从而被认为是一个顶级的健康项目。），'可知,C选项initiaterelatedactivitiesbasedontheiremployees5needs（根据员工的需要发起相关的活动）”为顶级的健康项目标准。故选C项。（B）OfficialTicketingServiceWelcometotheofficialLouvreoiilmesalessiteTheMuseeduLouvreisreopeningandwearegladtobeabletowelcomeyoubackagain・InlmewiththemeasurestakentopreventthespreadofCOVIDvisitorswillberequiredtoweaiamask.Accordingtogovermnentrecommendations,allvisitorstotheLouvreaged12yeaisandtwomonthsoroldermustshowaHealthPass.Allvisitors,includmgthoseentitledtofreeadmission,mustbookatuneperiod.Pleaseacceptourapologiesfortliemconvenience・IndividualticketsfortheMuseumAdmissionandreseivationofatimeperiodtoaccesstliepermanentcollections・Ticketsvalidfortheselecteddateonly.FulllistofvisitorsentitledtofleeadmissionatLouvie.ft.Generaladmission:€18TheMuseeduLouvreisopeneveiyday—exceptTuesdays,Januaiv1，May1andDecember25—from9:00amto6:00pm.Visitorswillbeaskedtoleavetheexlubitionrooms30minutesbeforeclosure・Allticketspurchasedonlmeaietime-stampedandnominative（记名的）；youmaythereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.Theyaieonlyvalidfortheservice,dateandtimeselected・Theycannotbeusedtoskipthequeuebutdoguaranteeaccesstothemuseumwitluiihalfanhouroftlietimeshownontheticket.Anyholderofanonlineticketwhodoesnotarrivewithintheassignedtuneperiodforadmissiontothemuseumshallbesubjecttothesameadmissionandwaitmgconditionsasvisitorswithouttickets・Visitorsentitledtofreeadmission(otherthanLouvremembers)—Under18s,proofofIDrequired—16-25year-oldresidentsoftheEuropeanEconomicArea(EuropeanUnion.Norway，Iceland,andLiechtenstein),proofofIDandresidencyrequuedProfessionals—TeachersworkinginFrance,valid"PassEducation”required—Teachersofan.arthistoryortlieappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatmgsubjecttaughtrequired—AitistswiththeMaisondesAitistesorInternationalAssociationofArt.validproofrequiiedOther—Jobseekers,validproofandIDrequiied(datedwithmthelastyearorindicatingaperiodofvalidity)—Disabledvisitorsandthepersonaccompanyingthem・Tliispassagemainlyaimsat・mtioduciugtheexhibitsattlieLouvreprovidmgticketmginformationoftheLouvreC・listingrestrictionsonadmissiontotlieLouvreD.lllustiatiiigthesendeesprovidedattheLouvre・IfafamilyinNorway、includmgthewife,anartteachei;thehusband,anITengineer,anda10-year-oldson.wanttovisittheLouvrethisweekend,theyshouldpayatleastillall.€18B.€36C.€45D.€5462・WhatcanbelearnedabouttheLouvrefromthepassage?A.ItisopeneveiydayexceptonTuesdays・B・Itsonlineticketsensureaccesstoitataiivtime・C・ProofofIDislequuedforanyonebuyingitsticketsonline・D.Ticketholdersmayberefiisedtoenteritifarrivinganhourlate・【答案】60・E61.A62.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了卢浮宫的票务信息，涉及时效性、价格以及使用限制等信息。【60题详解】主旨人意题。通读全文，文章主要介绍了进入卢浮宫所需要的门票信息，时效性、价格以及使用限制等信息，所以本文主要是为了提供卢浮宫的票务信息。故选E项。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第三栏"Generaladmission:€18"（一般入场费：18欧元），可知丈夫，一位IT工程师需要支付18欧元；根据第五栏“VisitorsentitledtofreeadmissionM（有权免费入场的访客）部分，“Under18s,proofofIDrequned"（18岁以下，需提供身份证明）以及“Teachersofart.arthistoryortheappliedarts,validproofofemploymentstatmgsubjecttaughtlequuedM（艺术、艺术史或应用艺术教师，需提供有效的就业证明，说明所教授的学科）可知，作为美术教师的妻子和10岁的儿子可以免费进入，所以全家人总计需要支付18欧元。故选A项。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据第四栏第二段"Allticketspurchasedonlinearetime-stampedandnominative（记名的）;youmaytliereforebeaskedtoprovideproofofidentity.M（所有在线购买的门票都有时间戳和记名的；因此，可能会要求您提供身份证明）可知，任何人在网上购票都是需要提供身份证明的。故选C项。（C）ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvanceshasrevealedthattheUnitedStatesranksashighasthirdamongcountliescontributingtocoastalplasticpollution.Thenewresearchcliallengestheonce-heldassumptionthattlieUSisadequately"managing”itsplasticwaste.Apreviousstudyusing2010datathatdidnotaccountforplasticwasteexportshadrankedtheUS20tli,globally,initscontributiontooceanplasticpollution.Usmgplasticwastegeneration（j比生）datafiom2016—thelatestavailableglobalnumbers—scientistscalculatedthatmorethanhalfofallplasticscollectedforrecycling（1.99niilliontonsof3.91milliontonscollected）illtheUSwereshippedabroad.Ofthis.88%ofexportswenttocountliesstiuggliiigtoefiectivelvmanageplastics;andbetween15-25%waslow-valueorcontaminated（受污染的）.Itmeansitwasumecyclable.Takingthesefactorsintoaccount,thereseaichersestimatedthatupto1milliontonsofUS-generatedplasticwasteendeduppollutingtheenviioimientbeyonditsownborders.Usmg2016data,thepaperalsoestimatedthatbetween0.91and1.25milliontonsofplasticwastegeneratedintheUSwaseitherlitteredorillegallydumpedintotheenviroimientdomestically.Combinedwithwasteexports,tinsmeanstheUScontiibutedupto2.25milliontonsofplasticsintotheenviiomnent・Ofthis,upto1.5milliontonsofplasticsendedupincoastalenviioimients・ThisrankstheUSashighasthirdgloballyincontributingtocoastalplasticpollution・"TheUSgeneratesthemostplasticwasteofanyothercountiyintheworld,butratherthanlookuigtheproblemintheeye,wehaveoutsourcedittodevelopmgcoiuitriesjsaidNickMallos,seniordirectorofOceanConseivancy^TrashFreeSeasprogramandaco-authorofthestudy"Thesolutionhastostartathome.Weneedtocreateless,bycuttingoutuimecessarysingle-useplastics;weneedtocreatebetter,bydevelopmgumovativenewwaystopackageanddelivergoods;andwhereplasticsareinevitable,weneedtogreatlyimproveourrecyclmgrates.""Previousresearchhasprovidedglobalvaluesforplasticinputintotheenvironmentandcoastalareas,butdetailedanalysesliketliisoneareimportantforindividualcountriestofartherassesstheii'contnbutions^saidDr.JennaJambeck,DistinguishedProfessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sCollegeofEngineeringandaco-authorofthestudy."IntliecaseoftheUnitedStates,itiscriticallyimportanttliatweexamineourownbackyardandtakeresponsibilityforourglobalplasticfootprint.”Comparedwiththepreviousstudy,thenewone・coversdatamorecomprehensivelyexcludesplasticwasteshippedabroadC・iscontraiytotlielatestglobalnumbersD.challengestherecyclingwayofplasticsAccordingto2016data,whatcanbelearnedabouttheplasticwastegeneratedintheUS?OverhalfofitendeduppollutingtheenviiomnentoutsidetheUS.Mostofitsexportedplasticwastewasn'tworthrecycling.C・Lessthanhalfofitwasactuallyrecycleddomestically.D.Moreofitislitteredorillegallydumpedthanexported・65・ItisimpliedbyNickMallosthat・plasticpollutionindevelopingcountriesismoreseriousUShasbeeniiresponsibleindealingwithitsplasticwasteC・USshouldcooperatewithotherstohandleitsplasticwasteD.umovativemeansaieneededtoelmwiatesmgle-useplastics66・Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortliepassage?A.PlasticPollutionGreatRisktoMarmeLifeUSTopContributortoCoastalPlasticPollutionPlasticWasteMajorSourceofCoastalPollutionRecyclingEffectiveWaytoAddressPlasticWaste【答案】63.A64.C65.B66.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三，并对相关情况进行介绍。【63题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句uApreviousstudyusing2010datathatdidnotaccountforplasticwasteexponshadrankedtheUS20th.globally,initscontributiontooceanplasticpollution.（此前的一项研究使用了2010年的数据，但未考虑塑料垃圾出II,将美国对海洋塑料污染的贡献排在全球第20位。）”可以推出，比起先前的研究，新的研究数据更加全面，所以A选项^coversdatamorecomprehensively（覆盖数据更加全面）”为正确选项。故选A项。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Usingplasticwastegeneration（产生）datafrom2016—thelatestavailableglobalnumbers—scientistscalculatedthatmorethanhalfofallplasticscollectedforrecvclmg（1.99milliontonsof3.91milliontonscollected）intheUSweresluppedabroad.（利用2016年的塑料垃圾产生数据（全球可获得的最新数据），科学家们计算出，在美国收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上（391万吨中有199万吨）被运往海外。）”可以推知，只有不到一半的垃圾在国内被回收。故选C项。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第一句“"TheUSgeneratesthemostplasticwasteofanyothercountiyintheworld,butratherthanlookingtheproblemnitheeye,wehaveoutsourcedittodevelopingcountries^saidNickMallos（海洋保护协会无垃圾海洋项目高级主任、该研究报告的合著者尼克•马洛斯说：“美国产生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他国家都多，但我们没有正视这个问题，而是把它外包给了发展中国家。”）”可推知，美国在处理塑料垃圾方面一直很不负责任。故选E项。【66题详解】主旨人意题。根据文章第一句“ArecentstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvanceshasrevealedthattheUnitedStatesranksaslughasthudamongcountliescontiibutmgtocoastalplasticpollution・（报近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三。）”和最后一句“InthecaseoftlieUnitedStates,itiscriticallyimportantthatweexamineourownbackyardandtakeresponsibilityforourglobalplasticfootprmt・（就美国而言，至关重要的是我们要检查自己的后院，并对我们的全球塑料足迹负责。）”可知本文主要是在介绍美国是沿海塑料垃圾头号罪魁祸首，所以E选项“USTopContributortoCoastalPlasticPollution（美国沿海塑料污染的头号贡献者）”为最合适的标题。故选E项。SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.USBusinessesGiveintoWorkerDemandstoKeepEmployeesAsmanyAmericanbusinessesstruggletofilljobs,somehavestartednegotiatingdemandsthatusedtobenon-negotiableformosthourlyemployees・Oneofthetopdemandsformanyworkersisschedulmg—thedaysandtimetheyspendonthejob・_67_Thatmeansemployeesarepushingbackagainstrequuementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidays・_68_Therefoie,workerscanbemorecaiefulaboutthejobstheychoose・Therewere10.4millionjobopenmgsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopenmgsthemonthbefore・ThosenumbersarethehighestsinceatleastDecember2000,whenthegovermnentstartedrecordingthedata.Atthesametime,theU.S.LaborDepaitmentsaidthenumberofpeoplequittmgthekjobsjumpedto4.3millioninAugustfrom4millioninJulyArecentstudyfiomanemploymentcompanyfoundthatnearly40percentofjobseekersworldwidesaidscheduleflexibilitywasoneofthektoptlueeissuesincaieerdecisions,histaworkisanemploymentmaiketplacethatconnectslocalbusinesseswithhouilyworkers・_69_Suchchangesarehappenmgascompaniestrytoliiremoreworkersfortheupconwigholidayseason.TargetCorporation,forexample,saidthismonthitwillpayS2anhourmoretoemployeeswhoagreetoworkschedulesdurmgbusydaysoftheholidayseason.SumirMeghaiiiisco-founderandCEOofIiistawork・_70_Houilyworkersarenowaskinghowtheycangetthesamework-lifebalanceasworkersinotherkindsofjobswhocanworklemotely.Duringthepandemic（人流行病），houilyworkerswerehitespeciallyhardwhenbusmesseslikedepaitmentstoresandrestaurantswereforcedtocloseforafewmonthsduimgthespringof2020.Thosewhoreniamedemployedatessentialbusinesseslikegrocerystoresfoundthemselvesworkingtoomuchandtoohard・TherearecuirentlvmanyjobopeningsintheUnitedStates.Houilyworkersarenowseekingmoreflexibilityinthekschedules.Hethuikscompaniesarelearningthatmoneyalonecannotsolvethekliinngissues・Now,henotes,ifsmoreaboutwhatyouneedasanemployeeandhowwecanmakeyouhappy.ItsaystherateatwhichemployerswereabletofillweekendschedulesdroppedfromJanuarytluoughAugustcomparedwitliweekdaywork.Thatcontributedtoalaborshortage,forcingemployerstolookforwaystomaketheiijobsseemmoreattractivewhilealsocuttmgbackonhoursofoperation.【答案】67.B68.A69.E70.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了为了留住员工，美国企业屈服于工人的要求。【67题详解】根据上文uOneofthetopdemandsformanyworkersisschedulmg—thedaysandtimetheyspendoilthejob."（对许多工人来说，最重要的要求之一就是在时间上的安排一他们在工作上花费的天数和时间）根据下文“Thatmeansemployeesarepuslungbackagainstrequiiementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidays.”（这意味着员工们正在抵制周末、深夜或假期工作的要求。）可知，选项承接上文说明小时工对于工作时间的安排。flexibilityintheii-schedules呼应I、•文的pushingbackagainstrequiiementstoworkweekends,latenightsorholidayso故E选项“小时工现在正在寻求更灵活的工作时间”切题。故选E项。【68题详解】根据卜文“Therewere10.4millionjobopeningsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopeningsthemonthbefore.ThosenumbersaretliehighestsinceatleastDecember2000,whenthegovenmientstartedrecordingtliedata."（8月底有1040万个职位空缺，前一个月有1110万个。这是至少自2000年12月政府开始记录数据以来的最高数字）可知，本段在说目前美国有很多职位空缺。manyjobopenings呼应10.4millionjobopenmgsattheendofAugustand11.1millionopeningsa故A选项“目前美国有很多职位空缺”切题，为本段的标题。故选A项。【69题详解】根据上文uInstaworkisailemploymentmarketplacethatconnectslocalbusinesseswithhourlyworkers.**（Iiistawork是一个连接当地企业和小时工的就业市场）可知，选项承接上文说明改就业市场的统计情况。故E选项“报告称，从1月到8月，雇主能够安排周末时间的比例与工作口相比有所下降”切题。故选E项。【70题详解】根据上文uTargetCorporation,forexample,saidthismonthitwillpay$2ailhouimoretoemployeeswhoagreetoworkschedulesduiingbusydaysoftheholidayseason.SumirMeghaniisco-founderandCEOofIiistawork."（例如，TargetCorporation本月表示，它将向同意在假口旺季工作的员工每小时多支付2美元。苏米尔•梅加尼是Instawork的联合创始人兼首席执行官。）可知选项承接上文说明苏米尔・梅加尼对于TargetCoipoiation的做法的观点。He指代的是上文的苏米尔•梅加尼。故C选项“他认为，企业正在认识到，单靠金钱无法解决他们的招聘问题。”切题。故选C项。SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage・Sunmiarizethemainideaandthemainpomt(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Usevourownwordsasfaraspossible・IsSmallTalkNecessary?Whafsthefirstthmgyoudowhenyouenteracrowdedroom?Youprobablylookaroundforafamiliarface.Whenyoucan'tfindone,youhavetwochoices:youcanstandalone,oryoucanwalkupandspeaktosomeonethatyoudon'tknow.Stallingaconversationwithastranger,though,isoftenunconifbnableandcanbealittlescaiy.Yetasyougothi-oughlife,yoifresuretoencounterstrangersinmanydifferentsituations,whenaneedtoconnectwithotherswillhopefxillyoutweighyourfears.Inordertoprepaie,ithelpstoleaintlieartofsmalltalk.Smalltalkisthebegnmmgstageofacasualconversation,wliichusuallytakesplacebetweenstrangersorcasualacquamtances・Withsmalltalk,twoormorepeoplesearchforcommoninterestsandpomtsofcoimection.Ifoneisdiscovered,tlieconversationusuallybeginstoflowmorenaturally,oftenresultingindeeperdiscussion.Masteringafewteclmiqueswillallowyoutoenteraroomfrillofstiaiigerswithconfidence・Whenyouwalkuptoagroup,noticeanyonetiyingtomakeeyecontactwithyoubecausethisisoftenasigntliatthepersonisinterestedintalking・Begmbymtioducingyourself,andthen,youshouldbegmwithoneoftlueetopics:talkaboutyourselftheotherperson01sometluiigyoucanbothobserve,liketlieweath亡匚Anotherwaytobeginaconversationiswithacompliment.Yourpraiseofsomeone'sscarfmightleadtoadiscussionaboutfavoriteplacestoshop・RadiohostTenyGross,whohasinterviewedthousandsofpeopleovertheyears,saysoneopenmgrequestworksforhereveiytime:c<Tellmeaboutyourself?5Thisapproachgetstheballrollingbecausepeopleenjoytalkingaboutthemselves・Tlioughsmalltalktakespractice,ifsworththeeffortandifsthestimulusthatcanleadtodeeperconversations.【答案】Tlioughstartingtotalkwithastrangerisdifficult,it'sunavoidable.Therefore,it'snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,whichcanresultindeeperconversations.Todosmalltalkright,lookforsignsofinterestandbeginwithself^introductionandcommontopics.Youcanalsostaityourconversationwithpraisesoranopeningrequest.(57words)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了闲聊的必要性以及想正确地进行闲聊的方法。【详解】1•要点摘录①Startingaconversationwitliastiaiiger,though,isoftenuncomfbnableandcanbealittlescaiy.@Yetasyougotliroughlife,you'resuretoencounterstrangersmmanydifferentsituations,whenaneedtoconnectwitliotherswillhopefullyoutweighyourfears.③Smalltalkisthebeginningstageofacasualconversation,wliichusuallytakesplacebem^eenstrangersorcasualacquamtances・@Ifoneisdiscovered,theconversationusuallybeginstoflowmorenaturally,oftenresultingindeeperdiscussion.©Beginbyiiitioduciiigyourselfandthen,youshouldbegmwithoneoftlueetopics:talkaboutyouiselftheotherpersonorsomethmgyoucanbotliobseive,liketlieweather.©Anotherwaytobeginaconversationiswitliacompliment.缜密构思将1、2两个要点进行重组，二者为转折关系，将3、4两个要点进行整合，与前面两个要点形成因果关系。遣词造句Thoughstallingtotalkwitliastrangerisdifficult,it'sunavoidable.it'snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,wliichcanresultindeeperconversations.Todosmalltalkright,lookforsignsofmterestandbeginwithself^intioductionandcoimnontopics.Youcanalsostartyourconversationwithpraisesoranopeningrequest.【点睛】[高分句型1]Tlioughstartingtotalkwithastiangerisdifficult,ifsunavoidable.（用一个省略的让步状语从句对第二段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）[高分句型2]Tlierefbre,it'snecessarytoknowhowtostartwithsmalltalk,whichcanresultindeeperconversations・（用wliich引导非限制性定语从句对第三段部分内容进行概括，表达高级）TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.他俩性格相似，已是多年的朋友了。（resemble）（汉译英）【答案】Theyresembleeachotlierillpersonality,and/sothey'vebeenfriendsforyears.【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。表示“他们”应用they：表示“相似”应用resemble,此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they,谓语动词用原形；表示"彼此”应用eachothei；表示“在性格方面”应用inpersonality；此处为并列句，表示顺承关系或者因果关系，需用连词and/so连接：表示“已经成为”应用现在完成时havebeen；表示"朋友”应用friends；表示"很多年了”应用foryearso故翻译成：Theyresembleeachotherinpersonality,and/sothey'vebeenfiiendsforyears.拐角处突然窜出一只猫，把老人吓得倒退了几步。（Out）（汉译英）【答案】Outoftliecornermshedacat,wliichlightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps.【解析】【详解】考查时态，倒装和非限制性定语从句。分析句意可知，为过去发生的爭情，应用一般过去时。“拐角处突然窜出一只猫”，此句中主语是acat,谓语动词是mshed,表地点、方位的介词短语Outofthecorner置于句首，句子发生全部倒装，故翻译为Outofthecoinermshedacato表示“把老人吓得倒退了几步”应用非限制性定语从句whichfrightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps,来修饰先行词acat,which代替先行词，指物，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Outofthecoinerrushedacat,whichfrightenedtheoldmanbackafewsteps.这位摄影师工作孜孜不倦，技术又精湛，人们预测他的成名指口可待。（so...that...）（汉译英）【笞案】Thephotographerworkssotuelesslyandhisskillsaresogoodthatpeoplepredictlusfameisjustaroundtliecorner.【解析】【详解】考查时态、短语和从句。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；句中涉及"如此……以至于……”引导的结果状语从句；“这位摄影师”表达为thephotographer,作主句主语，“工作”表达为work,作主句谓语动词，“孜孜不倦地”表达为tirelessly,作状语；“预测”表达为predict,作结果状语从句的谓语动词；“他的成名指口可待”处理为predict后的宾语从句；“他的成名”表达为hisfame,作宾语从句的谓语动词，“指口可待”表达为bearoundthecorner,作宾语从句的谓语动词。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Thephotographerworkssotirelesslyandhisskillsaresogoodthatpeoplepredicthisfameisjustaioundthecorner.看着孩子们渴求知识的眼睛，这位支教老师义无反顾地放弃了城市里的高薪工作，选择了留在这个小山村。（long）（汉译英）【答案】Lookmgatthechildren'seyeslongingforknowledge,thevolunteerteachergaveuphishigh-paviiigjobinthecitywithouthesitationandchosetostaymthissmallmountainvillage.【解析】【详解】考查句子结构。本句为主谓宾结构，描述过去的情况