新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题Unit2.4.5.6中英对照

新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题Unit2.4.5.6中英对照新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题Unit2.4.5.6中英对照新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题Unit2.4.5.6中英对照资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题Unit2.4.5.6中英对照版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：UNIT2文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。Culture

is

sometimes

referred

to

as

our

mental

programming,our

“software

of

the

mind.

”但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。But

we

can

take

that

computer

analogy

further

and

say

that

culture

is

the

operating

environment

that

enables

software

programs

to

run.

文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。Culture

is

like

DOS

or

Unix

or

Windows:it

is

what

enables

us

to

process

information

in

various

specific

application.

用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。The

metaphor

of

windows

seems

to

be

very

appealing

to

describe

culture:文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。culture

is

a

mental

set

of

windows

through

which

all

of

life

is

viewed.

一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。

It

varies

from

individual

to

individual

within

a

society,

but

it

shares

important

characteristics

with

menbers

of

a

society.

文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。Culture

is

like

the

water

fish

swim

in---a

reality

that

is

taken

for

granted

and

rarely

examined.

文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。It

is

in

the

air

we

breathe

and

is

as

necessary

to

our

understanding

of

who

we

are

as

air

is

to

our

physical

life.

文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。Culture

is

the

property

of

a

community

of

people,

not

simply

a

characteristic

of

individuals.

社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。Societies

are

programmed

by

culture,

and

that

programming

comes

from

similar

life

experiences

and

similar

interpretations

of

what

those

experiences

mean.

UNIT4我们说语言总是模糊的，指的是我们所说所写的东西总不能完全表达我们的意图。When

we

say

that

language

is

always

ambiguous,

what

we

mean

is

that

we

can

never

fully

control

the

meanings

of

the

things

we

say

and

write.我们通过说话和写作所传达的意思不仅仅由词语和句子本身决定，听众和读者的理解也起到了一定的作用。

The

meanings

we

exchange

by

speaking

and

by

writing

are

not

given

in

the

words

and

sentences

alone

but

are

also

constructed

partly

out

of

what

our

listeners

and

our

readers

interpret

them

to

mean.

换言之，是交际双方共同创造了语言所表达的意思。To

put

this

quite

another

way,

meaning

in

language

is

jointly

constructed

by

the

participants

in

communication.

语言的模糊性是与生俱来的。Language

is

inherently

ambiguous.

为了沟通，我们必须自己推断出对方的意思，除此之外别无他法。It

means

that

in

order

to

communicate

we

must

always

jump

to

conclusions

about

what

other

people

mean.

There

is

no

way

around

this.

在理解别人说话时，我们必须推测这些话的意思。这些推测主要基于以下两个来源：When

someone

says

something,

we

must

jump

to

some

conclusion

about

what

he

or

she

means.

We

draw

inferences

based

on

two

main

sources:

（1）他们所使用的语言；（2）我们的世界知识。这种知识包括能够预知在某种特定语境下人们通常会说些什么。(1)

the

language

they

have

used,

and

(2)

our

knowledge

about

the

world.

The

knowledge

includes

expectations

about

what

people

would

normally

say

in

such

circumstances.UNIT5由于在性别、年龄、种族或文化群体、教育、国家或城市的地域、收入或职业群体、个人经历等各方面的差异，人们分属不同的语言群体，这些差异使我们很难完全领会另一个群体成员所表达的意思。Where

any

two

people

differ

in

group

membership

because

they

are

of

different

genders,

different

age,

different

ethnic

and

different

cultural

groups,

different

educations,

different

parts

of

the

same

country

or

even

city,

different

income

or

occupational

groups,

or

with

very

different

personal

histories,

each

will

find

it

mire

difficult

to

draw

inferences

about

what

the

other

person

means.

在当今世界的跨文化交际中，人们之间的差异是相当大的。In

the

contemporary

world

of

international

and

intercultural

communication,

the

differences

between

people

are

considerable.人们每天要与来自世界各地不同文化背景、不同群体的人交往，成功交际的关键在于尽可能地共享对话语意义的推定。People

are

in

daily

contact

with

members

of

cultures

and

other

groups

from

all

around

the

world.

Successful

communication

is

based

on

sharing

as

much

as

possible

the

assumptions

we

make

about

what

other

mean.当我们与迥然不同的人打交道时，我们往往不知道该怎样推导出他们的语句意义。因此，在交际过程中，就很难依靠共享的知识和背景来有把握地诠释他人表达的意义。When

we

are

communicating

about

what

they

mean,

and

so

it

is

impossible

to

depend

on

shared

knowledge

and

background

for

confidence

in

our

interpretations.UNIT6非言语交际被认为是不直接依靠语言使用的任何交际方式。Non-verbal

communication

might

be

thought

of

as

any

form

of

communication

which

is

not

directly

dependent

on

the

use

of

language.

然而，一般来说，很难知道言语交际方式与非言语交际方式的区分到底在哪儿。Generally

speaking,

however,

it’s

a

little

difficult

to

know

where

to

separate

verbal

and

non-verbal

forms

of

communication.

有些非言语交际方式，例如点头，总是伴随着言语，而且是语言使用时言语系统的一部分。Such

non-verbal

aspects

of

communications

as

nodding

the

head

most

often

accompany

speech

and

are

part

and

parcel

of

the

verbal

system

of

language

use.另一方面，像舞蹈和音乐等交际形式常常是没有任何言语成分的。On

the

other

hand

such

forms

of

communication

as

dance

and

music

often

have

no

verbal

component

at

all.我们在这里想做的只是要引起大家对一个事实的注意，即人类交往的许多方面都依赖于那些不能轻易转换为言语、但却对我们相互理解至关