Unit 1 基础过关练（原卷版）-2022年高一英语（新人教版选择性必修第一册）

第06练Unit1PeopleofAchievement1.【词汇过关】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。①Manyofourteachersalsohavevaluable_____________(academy)linkswithHeidelbergUniversity②Sheconsidersthatitistooearlytoformadefinite_____________(conclude).③Wefoundfurther_____________(science)evidenceforthistheory.④Thisgovernmentis_____________(commit)toextendingparentalchoiceineducation.⑤Youcanaskforachemical_____________(analyse)ofyourtapwater.2.【短语过关】Itisworthwhileto__________________________theexperienceandcharacteristicsofMacaoinfaithfullyimplementing“onecountry,twosystems”.②当你还是个孩子的时候，你有没有在午夜经历过让你毛骨悚然的梦境？Asachild,didyouexperiencethedreamscenewhichmadeyourhair_________________________________________atmidnight.③由于这种意识，三天前，一系列反恐海报在印尼和土耳其引起广泛恐慌。____________________________________________________theconsciousness,threedaysago,aseriesofanti-terroristposterscausedwidespreadalarmacrossIndonesiaandTurkey.④希特勒上台对世界来说真是一场灾难。ThatHitler_______________________________________wasreallyadisastertotheworld.⑤你能算出一个人在这个城市占据的平均居住空间吗？Canyoufigureouttheaveragelivingspacethatapersoncan__________________________inthiscity?3.【语法过关】用适当的关系词填空。①Hisbestmovie,_____________wonseveralawards,wasaboutthelifeofGandhi.②KatesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,_____________hasgonetoworkinAustralia.③DuringtheSpringFestivalGalaof2020,didyouseeWangYuan,____________isnowafamousyouthactor.④ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.⑤LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,____________aconferencewastobeheld.4.【阅读过关】NATUREhasmanywaysofremindinguswhoisincharge.Hermostdeadlyweapons-bacteria,viruses,andparasites(寄生虫)-claimmillionsofliveseveryyear.Butthankstothehardworkofgreatscientists,mankindcouldturnnatureagainstitself.AnditisforexactlythissortofworkthattheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOct5.HalfoftheprizewasawardedtotheIrishWilliamCampbellandtheJapaneseSatoshiOmurafordiscoveringavermectin(阿维菌素).adrugthatkillstheparasiticwormsthatcauseriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis(象皮病).ChinesescientistTuYouyousharedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordevelopingArtemisinin,adrugthathelpskilltheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Omuraisamicrobiologistbytraining.HestudiedStreptomycesbacteriatofindcompounds(化合物)thatworkagainstharmfulmicrobes(微生物).Campbell,workingintheUS,tookbacteriafoundbyOmuraandtookoutavermectin,whichiseffectiveagainstparasitesinfarmanimals.Animprovedtypeofavermectinwaslaterproducedforhumans,whichgreatlyreducedthecasesofriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis.Avermectincomesfrombacteria,butartemisinincomesfromplants.ItsdiscoverywastheresultofProject523,aChinesegovernmentprojecttofindanewmalariadruginthelate1960s.Malariaisamosquito-bornediseasecausedbyparasites,whichattackredbloodcells,causingfever,andsometimes,braindamageanddeath.Tuandherteammade380herbalextractsfrom2,000recipesfromtraditionalChinesemedicalbooks.In1971,aftermorethan190failures,Tu'steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalariaparasites.Itwascalledqinghaosu,laterrenamedartemisinin.In2001,theWorldHealthOrganizationnamedartemisininthefirstchoiceinthetreatmentofmalaria.Millionsofpeoplearestilltroubledbyinfectionscausedbyparasites.ButtheWHOsaidthatby2013,malariadeathshadfallenby47percentcomparedwith2000.Similarly,riverblindnessusedtobeoneoftheleadingcausesofpreventableblindness.Thesedays,doctorsaretalkingaboutchancesofwipingthediseaseoffEarth.AlloftheseachievementswouldnotbepossibleatallwithoutthedrugsthatCampbell,OmuraandTuhelpedtodiscover.【1】ThedrugTuYouyoudeveloped,artemisinin,hasproveneffectiveintreating_________.A.riverblindness B.malariaC.lymphaticfilariasis D.infectionscausedbyStreptomycesbacteria【2】Avermectin,discoveredbyCampbellandOmura,comesfrom__________.A.bacteria B.plants C.farmanimals D.oceananimals【3】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthediscoveryofartemisinin?A.IttookTuandherteamabout10yearstodiscoverartemisinin.B.Tuandherteamachievedsuccessafterabout380failures.C.Artemisininhassavedmillionsofpeople'slivessinceitsdiscovery.D.Artemisininwasdiscoveredthankstotheeffortsofscientistsfromathomeandabroad.能力提升练5.【语法填空能力提升】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。World-famousphysicistStephenHawkinghasdiedattheageof76.Hedied【1】(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearly【2】(hour)ofWednesday.Hawkingwasknown【3】thepublicforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity.andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooks,includingABriefHistoryofTime.Attheageof22,Prof.Hawking【4】(give)onlyafewyearstoliveafterdoctorsdeclaredthathesufferedfromararedisease.Theillnesslefthiminawheelchairandhewas【5】(able)tospeakexceptthroughavoicesynthesizer(合成器)Prof.Hawkingwasthefirst【6】(set)outatheoryofcosmology(宇宙学)explainedbyaunionofthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummech