英汉对比研究(7)课件

翻译：他陷入沉思之中，没有理会同伴们在谈些什么。AHefellintomeditation,didn’tpayattentiontowhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.BHewassodeepinthoughtthathewasobliviousofwhathisfriendsweretalkingabout.静态与动态

英语倾向于多用名词表示动作\行为，因而叙述呈静态（static）；汉语倾向于多用动词来表示，因而叙述呈动态（dynamic）。

英语的静态倾向用名词来表达原来属于动词、形容词甚至副词所表达的概念，这就是英语中常见的名词化现象。Iamafraidofyourmisunderstandingme.我担心你会误解我。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。二、用名词表示施事者,以代替动词Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper.Heisayoungandrapidwriter.Hewasnonsmokerandateetotaller.Youmustbeaverybadlearner,orelseyoumustbegoingtoverybadteacher.Hewasacleverman;apleasantcompanion;acarelessstudent;withagreatpropensityforrunningintodebt,andapartialityforthetavern.这类名词有时并不指人，而是用来代替动词TherealshockerwasthatthingsdraggedonwellbeyondthetwoweeksIhadanticipated.Litmuspapercanbeusedasanindicatorofthepresenceornotofacidinasolution.三、用名词代替形容词，构成标题式短语1.标题Sino-AmericanTradeReviewTalksStart500-Meter-LongFloodPreventionDykeBuilt2.现代英语goldreserve/generationgap/figurecontrolproblem/jobopportunitydiscrimination3.科技英语spaceshuttleflighttestprogram/computerprogrammingteachingdevicemanual/satellitecommunicationsgroundstationequipmentrepairer注意：名词定语与被修饰词之间的语义关系常常不能从字面上判断出来，也不能简单地把前一个名词理解为修饰语而已：Chinatea=teaof(from)ChinaChinatrade=tradewithChinaChinapolicy=policytowardsChina四、名词优势造成介词优势Heisathisbooks.Hehassomeonebehindhim.IsthistrainforChicago.Withthesewordsshewentaway.Theyimmediatelysetoutinpursuitoftheenemy.2.表示心理或生理感觉的形容词以及其他形容词与弱势动词构成系表结构，表达相当于动词的意义1）Apostmanisnotafraidofdogs.2)Hewasunawareofmypresence.3)Johnseemscontentjusttositinfrontofthetelevisionallnight.3.副词表达动词的意义1）I’mafraidMr.Brownisout,buthe’llbeinsoon.2)He’llbehomeinhalfanhour.3)Downwiththeoldandupwiththenew汉语的动态倾向一、动词连用是汉语常见的现象二、动词（词组）可以充当汉语句子的各种成分三、汉语动词常常重复或重叠一、化静为动(英译汉)Ford’sfirstpledgewas,“Mr.President,youhavemysupport

andmyloyalty.”ItcamenotasaNixonrevelation,butratherasaconfirmationofthe“NewYorkTimes”story.Harvard,despiteitsownestimateofitself,wasultimatelyanacademichavenwhereanerrorofinterpretationcouldresultonlyinlossofface,notinextinction.二、化动为静（汉译英）1.火箭用来探索宇宙。Rocketshavefoundapplicationfortheexplorationoftheuniverse.2.要不是我能干重活，早就给辞退了。Itwasonlymycapacityforhardworkthatsavedmefromearlydismissal.3.他深信，只有对历史加