Unit9HumanBiologyFocusonLanguage课件-高中英语北师大版选修七

HumanBiologyUnit9FocusonLanguage

ThePerfectThePerfect完成时PresentPerfectPresentPerfectContinuousPastPerfectPastPerfectContinuousTenseIdentifythetenseofthesentencesandwritethenumberinthecorrectcolumns.1.Naturalcloninghasbeengoingonforgenerations.2.Gardenershavebeenusingaformofcloningwhenthey

takeacuttingfromaplant…3.Foryears,therehadbeenattemptstocloneanimals.4.Cloningprimateshasbeenprovedtobe“muchharder”

thancloningotherspecies.5.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeenwhollydevotedtotheresearch…6.Dr.SunQiangsaidtheyhadbeentakingcareofmorethan1,000monkeys24hoursaday,7daysaweek…P55

11PresentperfectPresentperfectcontinuousPastperfectPastperfectcontinous41,23,56Payattentiontotheunderlinedpartsandgetthestructuretheyuse.IhavevisitedCaliforniaeverysummersinceIwas18.Ihavebeenpaintingthehouseallday.I'mexhausted.Thetrainhadleftbeforewearrivedatthestation.HehadbeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyearsbeforehewenttoLondon.PresentPerfect:have/has+v-edPresentPerfectContinuous:have/hasbeen+v-ingPastPerfect:had

+v-edPastPerfectContinuous:hadbeen+v-ingNow,

let’slearnmoreabouttheperfect.Focuson基本用法PresentPerfect(现在完成时)1.用法2.构成1.用法∙

动作发生在过去,强调对现在的结果、影响等。1.

Hehasbeenawayfromthecity.

2.

Someonehasbrokenthewindow.3.I'vegotaletterfrommyaunt.他已离开这个城市。(结果：他不在这个城市。)有人把窗户打破了。(结果：窗户仍破着。)我收到姨母的一封信。(结果：因此知道她的近况。)∙

表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至

还可能继续下去,句中使用持续性动词,且常有表

示一段时间的时间状语。1.

Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.

2.

Hehasbeenbusysincelastweek.3.We'velivedhereforovertenyears.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。自上个星期以来他一直很忙。我们在这里住了10多年了。2.构成1.Ihaveenjoyedworkinginthisjob.2.Shehasthoughtaboutitforalongtime.3.Theyhaveallagreedthatitisthebest

courseofaction.我喜欢这份工作。她已经想了很久了。他们都已经同意这是最好的行动方针。现在完成时的构成:have/has+v-edFocuson基本用法PresentPerfectContinuous(现在完成进行时)1.用法2.构成3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别1.用法①I'vebeenlookingformydogandstillhaven'tfoundit.②Hereyesarered.Hasshebeencrying?theactionstartedinthepastandcontinueinthepresentPastPresentFuturetheactionstartedinthepastandhavejustfinishedbutweareinterestedintheresult

PastPresentFuture∙

现在完成进行时表示

动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在；

或者始于过去，现在刚刚终止，但注重的是结果。①Aprivatedetectivehasbeentailing

(跟踪)him

forseveralweeks.

②Craiglovesoutdooractivities-heskisinwinterandhasbeenfishingandhunting

sincehewasachild.一位私人侦探几个星期以来一直在跟踪他。Craig热爱户外活动，冬天他去滑雪，他从小就开始钓鱼和打猎。∙

现在完成进行时常与表示一段时间的状语连

用，例如：allthetime,thisweek,allnight,

thesefewdays,for…,since…等。1.Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforthepasthour.

2.Aihasbeenstudyingallday.

3.Shehasbeenrunninginalotofracesrecently.

4.Ihavebeenlookingformysmartphoneallday.

5.She'sbeenfindingtheworkchallenginglately.

现在完成进行时的构成:have/hasbeen+v-ing2.构成(andhestillhasn'tarrived)(andsheisstillstudyingnow)(andshehasn'tstoppedthis)(andIhaven'tfoundityet)(andshestillfindsitchallenging)①I'vebeendesigningsolarracingcars.

②I'vedesigned

fiveorsixdifferentcars.

我一直在设计太阳能赛车。我已经设计五六辆小汽车了。1.在不同时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时的

动作不一定已经完成，很可能持续下去，而现在完成时一般表示动作已经完成。即现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调动作的结果。3.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别①I'vebeentaking

partinracesforfouryears.

②Howmanyraceshaveyoutaken

partin?

我这四年一直在参加比赛。你参加多少场比赛了?2.现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。①RecentlyMaryhasbeendoingsportsregularly.

②RecentlyMaryhasdonehersportsregularly.

最近玛丽一直定期做运动。(有表扬意味)最近玛丽定期做运动。(只说明一个事实)3.现在完成进行时与所有进行时态一样带有感情色彩，可使表达显得生动，而现在完成时往往只表明一个事实、一种影响或结果，不带感情色彩。

某些不具延续性含义的动词，如come,go,

marry,die,finish等，不适用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。Wehavefinishedthehomework.Wehavebeenfinishingthehomework.我们已经完成了家庭作业。Focuson基本用法PastPerfect(过去完成时)1.用法2.构成3.常用固定句型过去完成时的用法①Beforewegottothetrainstation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.②BeforeIcouldsay“thankyou”,hehadrunaway.

我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。我还没来得及说谢谢，他就跑开了。1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的时间状语有

bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。①WhenIarrivedJanehadjustleft.

②Theplayhadalreadystartedwhenwegottothetheatre.

③BytheendofJunetheyhadtreatedover10,000patients.过去完成时的构成我到时简刚刚离开。我们到剧场时戏已经开始了。到六月底他们已经治疗了一万多病人。过去完成时的构成:had+v-ed过去完成时用于一些固定句型：ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.这是我第一次参观长城。(1)It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他参军三年了。(2)Itwas+一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。①Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigoffice

whenthetelephonerang.②Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.他刚进入他的大办公室，电话铃响了。(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和

Nosooner…than…中，主句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示“一……

就……”。他刚到就被要求离开。Focuson基本用法PastPerfectContinuousTense(过去完成进行时)1.用法2.构成1.用法(1)Ihadbeenlookingforthebookfordays

beforeIfoundit.(2)Wehadbeenwaitingforhimforoveranhourwhenhefinallyarrived.∙

表示过去某时开始并持续到过去某时的动作。这本书我找了好多天才找着的。我们等了他一个多小时，他终于到了。PastPresentFutureWeusethepastperfectcontinuoustensetodescribeanongoingactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuedforsometimeinthepast.(1)Hehadbeenmentioningyournametome.(2)WehadonlybeendrivingforaboutfifteenminuteswhenJillaskedmetostopthecar.他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。我们只开了大约15分钟，吉尔就让我停车。∙

表示过去某个确定的时间点内反复进行

的动作。(1)Hesaid,“IhavebeenspeakingtoJohn.”(直接引语)(2)Hethought,“ShewaswatchingmewhenIpassed.”(直接引语)∙

过去完成进行时可用在said,supposed等引起

的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时。=HesaidthathehadbeenspeakingtoJohn.

(间接引语)=Hethoughtthatshehadbeenwatching

himwhenhehadpassed.

(间接引语)(1)Ihadonlybeenreadingafewminutes

whenhecamein.(2)She'donlybeenreviewingherlessonsforashortwhilewhenherlittlesisterinterruptedher.∙

过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”

之意的when分句。我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。∙

Ihadbeenwalkingaroundallmorning

beforeIfoundher.∙

Wehadbeentryingtofindtherightroad

fornearlyanhourbeforewefinally

spotted

(看见)it.∙

Theyhadbeenwatchingtheseriesforthree

months.∙

Shehadbeenaskingforhelpbutnoone

tookanynotice.2.构成过去完成进行时的构成：hadbeen+v-ing1.过去完成进行时没有被动语态形式。2.不能用于进行时态的动词均不能用于过去完成

进行时(want/wish除外)。∙Theboywasdelightedwithhisnewtoy.Hehad

beenwantingoneforalongtime.3.过去完成进行时很少用于否定句，而多以过去

完成时代替。∙HehadnotpracticedEnglishformanyyears.

(过去完成时)∙HehadnotbeenpracticingEnglishformanyyears.(很少见)had+v-edhave/hasbeen+v-ingPresentPerfect(现在完成时)PresentPerfectContinuous(现在完成进行时)PastPerfect(过去完成时)have/has+v-edThePerfect(完成时)hadbeen+v-ingPastPerfectContinuous(过去完成进行时)实战高考。1.【2021.6浙江卷

语法填空】

Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington's

plantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shome

indowntownSpringfield,Illinois,______________________(prove)irresistibletovisitors

sinceitopenedtothepublic.

2.【2021.3天津卷

单选】We_____quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.A.havedone B.willdoC.haddone D.weredoinghasproved/hasproven3.【2020浙江卷

语法填空】

Byabout6000BC,people_____________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.4.【2020江苏卷

单选】

InsteadofgettingdowntoanewtaskasI

_____,

heexaminedthepreviouswork

again.

A.hadexpected B.haveexpected

C.wouldexpect D.expecthaddiscovered5.【2020天津卷

单选】-Youareagreatswimmer.-Thanks.It'sbecauseI__alotthesedays.A.havebeenpractising B.waspractisingC.wouldpractiseD.hadpractised用所给动词的适当形式填空

UptonowI

1______________(change)quitealot.IbeganasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.

I