城域网 光传输网络的架构和网络设计-

220,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2420,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2Agenda•WDMTechnologies•CourseWaveDivisionMultiplexing(CWDM•DenseWaveDivisionMultiplexing(DWDM•ResilientPacketRings(RPR•10GigabitEthernet(10GbE620,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WDMTerminology—Transponder•2R—RegenerateandReshape•3R—Regenerate,ReshapeandRetimeClient-Side1550nmSM1310nmSMorMM850nmMMTrunk-SideWDM1550nmLambdaElectricalDomain(ProtocolPerformanceMonitoringRedundancyControl,OFC,…OpticalOpticalElectricalOpticalFilter(OADM820,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WDMTerminology•Add_LossdBlosswhenachannelisaddedtoaparticularMUXorOADM•Drop_LossdBlosswhenachannelisdroppedfromaparticularDMUXorOADM•Pass_LossdBlossassociatedwhenachannelispassingthroughanOADM920,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WDMTerminology(Cont.•Total_Pass_LossSumofthedBpasslossasachannelispassedbetweentheaddsiteandthedropsite•Total_Span_LossSumofthedBlossineachspanofthefiberbetweentheaddsiteandthedropsiteincludingpatchfieldsandleads•Dispersion_PenaltySubtract2dBfor>=60kmand3dBfor>=100km1020,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2Tx_PowerAdd_LossNxPass_LossDrop_LossRx_PowerSpan_LossSpan_LossSpan_LossSpan_LossNxSpan_LossWDMTerminology—dBLossesinaSystem•CalculationsmustbecarriedoutforbothTxandRxfibersasthebudgetsmaybedifferentineachdirection•AllopticalpatchfieldsandcordsmustbeincludedintheSpan_Loss1220,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WDMReceiverSensitivityCalculation•Ensuresthereisnoreceiversaturation•CalculatetheRxsensitivityforeachspanusingthebestcasedBlosses•Maximum_Tx_Power–Typical_Add_Loss–Typical_Drop_Loss–Total_Typical_Pass_Loss–Total_Span_Loss–Dispersion_Penalty<=Maximum_Rx_power1320,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WDMSystemsImplementationRules•UseSMFiberONLY,makesureallyourpatchcordsareYELLOWandNOTOrange•DotheopticalbudgetcalculationsforeverytrunktransceiverinBOTHTxandRxdirections(theywilldiffer•YouwillABSOLUTELYPOSITIVELYneedanOpticalPowerMetertoimplementthesenetworks,doNOTdoitwithoutoryouwillspenddaysdrivingbetweensitesandgetVERYFRUSTRATED!•Cleaneveryfiberconnectionandeverypatchcordbeforeyoumeasureorprovisionthecircuit1520,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2CourseWaveDivisionMultiplexing(CWDM•Combinationofaseriesof8tunedwavelengthtransceiversandopticalfilters•20nmspacedgridfrom1470nmto1610nm•Cannotbeopticallyamplified•Relativelyinexpensivetechnology•IdealformetropolitanEthernetandFibreChanneldeploymentsondarkfiber1620,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2GigabitEthernetoverCWDMwithGBICs•20nmgrid,thisisnotDWDM•32dBbudget•Non-amplifiable•CWDMGBICsplugintoGigabitEthernetorFCswitches•Upto8Lambdas•SpanningTree,EtherChannelorL3equalcostroutingcanbeusedforprotectionCustomersSwitchorRouterwithCWDMGBICEastFacingGBICWestFacingGBICSimplePassiveCWDMMUX1720,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2CWDMGbic•8Gbicstotal—oneforeach“color”1470,1490,1510,1530,1550,1570,1590,1610nm•SupportsGigabitEthernetand1GFibreChannel•Cannotbeopticallyamplified•SCduplexconnectoronSMfiberRxTxBudget-33dBm+3dBmAverage+1dBm(BE10-9Minimum(BER10e-9-31dBmMaximum+5dBm-7dBm(BR1e2Minimum(BER10e-12-29dBm+1dBm36dB32dB30dB2020,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2Add4Wavelengths—1470,1510,1550,1590Drop4Wavelengths—1490,1530,1570,16104Lambda—SingleFiberCWDMMUX4Lambda—SingleFiberCWDMMUXNetwork1490153015701610CWDMOADMs(Cont.N/AN/AN/APass>303.03.0Drop>303.03.0AddIsolationTypicalMax(dBN/AN/AN/APass>303.03.0Drop>303.03.0AddIsolationTypicalMax(dBNetwork1470151015501590Add4Wavelengths—1490,1530,1570,1610Drop4Wavelengths—1470,1510,1550,1590UsedTogetherinPoint-to-PointSingleFiberTopologySimplexSCConnectorDuplexSCConnectorNetwork;1StrandSMFEquipment;2StrandSMF2120,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2X-4MUX-4MU-4MUX-4X-8MUX-8MU-8MUX-84Lambda8LambdaNetworkNetworkNetworkNetworkMU-4MUX-4-SFX-4-SFMUX-4-SF4Lambda—SingleFiberCWDMTopologiesPointtoPointBus—LogicalTopology2320,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2GbicsConnectedtoEastSideofEachOADM2520,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2SPARESLOTSPARESLOTX-8MUX-8X-8MUX-8M-A-15MUX-AD-1510UX-AD490MUX-AD-1490MXD-10MUX-AD-1610UX-AD590MUX-AD-1590MXD-10MUX-AD-1470M-A-15MUX-AD-1530M-A-15MUX-AD-1550M-A-15MUX-AD-1570WestEastEastWestEastWestEastWestNetworkNetworkWestEastEastWestWestWestEastEastTreatasTwoTerminalBussesTravelinginOppositeDirectionsEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbicCWDMTopologiesHubbedRing(Protected—PhysicalTopologyHubbedRing(Protected—LogicalTopology2720,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2NetworkNetworkWestEastEastWestWestEastWestEastNetworkNetworkUXMUX-8MUX-8MU-4MUX-4MU-4MUX-4M-A-14MUX-AD-1490M-A-15MUX-AD-1570UX-AD530MUX-AD-1530UX-AD610MUX-AD-1610PassPassCWDMTopologiesHubbedRing(Protected—PhysicalTopologyEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbic2820,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2CWDMTopologiesDualHubbedRing(Protected—LogicalTopologyEtherChannelorL3EqualCostRouteEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbic2920,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2MU-4MUX-4M-A-14MUX-AD-1470M-A-15MUX-AD-1510UX-AD510MUX-AD-1510UX-AD470MUX-AD-1470NetworkNetworkWestEastEastWestWestEastWestEastNetworkNetworkUXMUX-4UXMUX-4MU-4MUX-4CWDMTopologiesDualHubbedRing(Protected—PhysicalTopologyEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbic3020,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2EtherChannelorL3EqualCostRouteEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbicCWDMTopologiesMeshedRing(Protected—LogicalTopology3120,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2NetworkNetworkWestEastEastWestWestEastWestEastNetworkNetworkMU-4MUX-4MU-4MUX-4M-A-14MUX-AD-1490M-A-14MUX-AD-1490UX-AD530MUX-AD-1530UX-AD530MUX-AD-1530UXMUX-4UXMUX-4PassPassPassPassCWDMTopologiesMeshedRing(Protected—PhysicalTopologyEastFacingGbicWestFacingGbic3420,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsrervOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2DenseWaveDivisionMultiplexing(DWDM•Combinationofaseriesofupto32tunedwavelengthtransponders,opticalfilters,attenuatorsandamplifiers.•100Ghzspacedgrid1530nm–1560nm•Canbeopticallyamplified•IdealforlargescalemetropolitanGigE,10GbEandstoragedeploymentsondarkfiber3720,CisSte,Inc.AllrigtsreOPT-20418132_05_2003_c2WorkingLambdaProtectedLambdaDWDM—LambdaProtection•DualtransponderswithopticalsplitteronCPEconnection•ReceiversnegotiateforactivesignalpathOnlyOneTXActive“Y”Cable2TranspondersDWDM—VOAandBandFilterArchitectureVariableOpticalAttenuatorsandbandfiltersarerequiredinordertoreducetheopticalpowersignalstoacommon,equallevelbeforeinputintoapre-ampEDFAThisensurestherewillbenointerferencebetweentheseparatechannelsorsaturationoftheEDFA’sinputreceiverDeployingDWDM—TestEquipmentOpticalPowerMeter(OPMAbsolutelyvitalforallopticalinstallationstoverifythereis“light”fromthetransmitterandtheRxsensitivityiswithintoleranceSpectrumAnalyzer(OSARequiredtoensureinWDMsystemsthattheopticalchannelsarebalancedbeforemultipleopticalsignalsareamplifiedBANDDMUXABCDVOAVOAVOAVOAABCDBANDMUXOpticalTime-DomainReflectometer(OTDRRequiredtotestsinglemodefiberforsplices,cuts,opticallossandtoensureopticalbudgetsaremetbythefiberserviceprovider41OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.DigitalControlLogicOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.42DWDMCommonDeploymentIssuesMismatch—ClientinterfaceandapplicationApplicationoutofspec—UnderoroverdrivenDWDMTopologiesPointtoPoint—LogicalTopologyConnectorsnotfixedordirtyDirtyconnectors“transfer”dirtInappropriatelightsourceusedfortestingModulatedsignalmustbeusedBandACh1-42xGigE2x2GFCBandACh1-42xGigE2x2GFCBudgetsoutofspecificationInappropriateattenuationtechniquesCoreshiftedsplicingwithMMcablesAirgapattenuatorsOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.SiBandBCh5-84x10GbE2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.BandBCh5-84x10GbESi43OPT-20418132_05_2003_c244Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrPointtoPoint—PhysicalTopologySite3BandBCh2–8PPosstLLineinLLineinPreerPossttDWDMTopologiesDWDMTopologiesBandAB—Site1toSite2BandCD—Site1toSite3VOAProtectedHubbedRing—LogicalTopologySite1SiVOAPPrreeBandBCh2–8BandACh1–4Site1Site2BandACh1–4VOA’srequiredtoattenuatebandBchannelstoanequallevelofbandAchannelsIf10GbEorSTM-64isdeployedthenthegoverningfactorisdispersionlimitsontheequipmentandfiber(~80kmfor10GbEOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.SiSiSite245OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Site346ProtectedHubbedRing—PhysicalTopologySite1PPrreePPoosttDWDMTopologiesDWDMTopologiesBandA—Site1toSite2BandB—Site1toSite3Site1SiProtectedMeshedRing—LogicalTopologyBandC—Site1toSite4BandD—Site2toSite3BandE—Site2toSite4BandF—Site3toSite4Site4SiEastBandABCDCh1–16WestBandABCDCh1–16PoosttPreerNoFiberbetweenMUX’sinhubsite1NoneedforVOA’sathubsite1PossttPreerPPoosstSite2Site3PPrreeVOAPossttVOAWestBandABCh1–8EastBandABCh1–8PreerPPosstVOAVOAPreerWestBandCDCh9–16EastBandCDCh9–16SiSiSite2OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Site32003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.47OPT-20418132_05_2003_c248Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrProtectedMeshedRingEastBandABCCh1–12WestBandABCCh1–12PossttVOAPreerPreerPoosttVOAEastBandCEFCh9–12Ch17–24WestBandCEFCh9–12Ch17–24PPrreePoosttVVOAADWDMTopologiesPPrreePossttVOASite1Site4PPosstPPrreeVOOAWestBandBDFCh5–8Ch13–16Ch21–24PossttRPRPreerVOASite2Site3WestBandADECh1–4Ch13–20OPT-20418132_05_2003_c2EastBandADECh1–4Ch13–20PoosttVOAPPrerePreerPossttVOAEastBandBDFCh5–8Ch13–16Ch21–2449OPT-20418132_05_2003_c2502003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RPR—L2OpticalTransportOptimizedforIPProvidessamereliabilityasSONET/SDHwithouttheneedtoreserveprotectionbandwidthDualringtopology—bothringsusedtocarrydataMultiplenodescantransmitsimultaneouslyScalableupto255nodesonringMulticastsupportPlug-and-playoperation/minimumserviceprovisioningOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.RPR—ProtocolVersionsWhatisanRPR?—Alayer2transportarchitecturebasedonadualcounter-rotatingringtopologyCiscoSpatialReuseProtocol(SRPdefinedasinformationalRFC2892DynamicPacketTransportor“DPT”isCisco’sproductlinenameforthefamilyofRPRproductsthatsupportSRP;SRPandDPTareusuallyusedtomeanthesamethingIEEE802.17RPRprotocol—DueinMarch2004(currentlyinDraft2.2SimilartoSRPinmanyaspects51OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.52Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrRPR—802.17LayerDiagramUpperLayers/LogicalLinkControl802.17MediumAccessControl(MACtroControl/DatapathGFPRS(GRSGFPAdaptationRPR—TypicallyRingTopologyRPRNodeMACWest-PHYPHYPHYOxx-REast-PHYOTI-RxSDH/SONETRS(SRSHDLCLikeAdaptationGE(GERS10GE(XGERSxORI-TxEast-PHYGMII/XGMII/XAUIEthernetPHYTO-I-RxI-TxPHYringlet1ringlet0xWest-PHYPHYSONET/SDHPHY(155Mbps+RPRNodeWest-PHYPHYI-TxO-RxEast-PHYI-RXO-TxPHYRPRNodeMACMACRS—ReconciliationSublayerGMII—GigabitMediaIndependentInterfaceGFP—GenericFramingProcedureXAUI—10GigabitAttachmentUnitInterfaceHDLC—HighLevelDataLinkControlOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.MACPHY—MustBeSameSpeedonAllSpans;OpticsCanBeDifferent53OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.54RPRFeatures—SpatialReuseSpatialReuse—IncreasesoverallringaggregatebandwidthUnicastpacketsare“destination”strippedMulticastissourcestrippedABRPRFeatures—ProtectionSwitchingLessthan50msecrestorationintheeventoffiber/nodefailureorsignaldegradeProtectionSwitchingHierarchy(similartoSONET/SDHBypassfailedfiber/nodebywrappingORsteeringaroundfailureFiberCut/SignalFail,etc.N1MultiplenodescantransmitsimultaneouslyBothringsusedforcarryingtraffic—NoreservedprotectionbandwidthOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.XN2DCNoreservedprotectionbandwidthProtectionswitchingmessagesexchangedbetweennodesinthering55OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.N4N356Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrRPRFeatures—BandwidthControlFairness6Mbps6Mbps1MbpsOfferedBandwidthRPR—FeaturesMaximizeSpatialReuseBetweenNodes2.5GbpsN1N2N32.5GbpsN4C2N5WWW4.5Mbps4.5Mbps1MbpsAllowedBandwidthC1STM-16(2.5GbpsRingN8N7N62.5GbpsN1N2N3N42.5Gbps10MbpsRPRRing4xIncreaseinEffectiveRingBandwidth—10GbpsAccessnodes(N1-N8shouldbeequallyspacedbetweencore/aggregationnodes(C1-C2foroptimalthroughputRPRnodeswillfollowtheshortestL2hopcountoutofthering57OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.Equal-weightedfairnessprovidesequalbandwidthaccesstotheringpernodeHighprioritytrafficnotsubjecttofairness—providesminlatency/jitterguaranteeOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.58RPR—RingSize/DiameterConsiderationsHowManyNodesShouldIPutonaRing?Numberofnodesintheringdependson:FTTFiberspandistancebetweennodesotalringdiameterrafficpattern/profileairnesscontrolparameterssettingRPR—PHYLayerConsiderationsSRPhasbeensimulatedextensivelySRPisoptimizedforaringdiameterof500kmsorlessand32nodesorlessNotrecommendedtoputmorethan40nodesinaringTypicalnumberofnodesinametroring—10to36RPRallows128–254nodesonringdependingonprotectionmethod(wrapping—128/steering254UsuallyrunoutofringbandwidthbeforeyouexceednodelimitsOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PhysicallayeragnosticCanbedeployedoverWDMDarkfiberSDH59OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.60Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrRPR—Low/HighPriorityTrafficServiceClassesClassAB-CIRB-EIRCRPRArchitectures—IPAccessAggregationHUBNodeFairnessEligibleNoNoYesYesBandwidthAllocated/ReservedontheRingAllocatedBestEffortBestEffortDelay/JitterLowestBoundedUnboundedUnboundedRPRRingAccessNodeHighbandwidth“fatpipe”forIPaggregationCIR—CommittedInformationRateEIR—Excess/ExtendedInformationRateOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.ReducedhubnodeportcountsReducedL3complexity—singleIPsubnetRingProtectionSwitch(<50msecL3transparentOptimalmulticastdistribution61OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.62RPRArchitectures—RegionalMetroTransportRegionalDistributionNetworkL3CoreNetworkRegionalDistributionNetworkRPRSummaryNewL2MACprotocolwithfeaturesthatsupportIPoptimizedtransportoveropticalnetworksBasedondualcounterrotatingringtopologySpatialreuseandfairnessalgorithmprovidesefficientdatatransportProtectionswitchingprovideslessthan50msecservicerestorationwithnoreservedbandwidthAccessNetworkOC-48/STM16AccessRingAccessNetworkOC-12/STM4AccessRingOC-48/STM16RegionalRingLongHaulIPBackboneOC-48/STM16RegionalRingCanbuildregionaltransportnetworkspanning100sofkmSTM-16/STM-64—Delivers5/20Gbpsringcapacitywith50msrestorationSpatialreusemaximizesuseofbandwidthontheringDetailedpernode/ringstatisticsDPTcanrideontopofexistingregionalSDH/SONETorWDMOpticalpowermonitoringonnewDPT/RPRcardsOPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.QOSsupportbuiltintotheMACtosupportdifferentclassofservicetrafficonthering—voice/videooverIPOptimizedmulticasttrafficdeliverySRPsystemsavailabletoday,systemsavailablesupportingIEEE802.17standardinfuture63OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.64Copyright2003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedinUSA.8132_05_2003_c2.scrSDH/MSTP—Point-to-PointServicesPoint-to-pointcircuitsbetweenadjacentPE-CLEandPE-POPPE-CLEGigEringoverlayontoSDHSpanningtreeorEtherChannelprovidesprotectionSDH/MSTPPE-CLESTM-1/4/16SDHUnprotectedPE-POPIP/MPLSVC-4,-2c,-3c,-4c,-8c,…OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.65OPT-20418132_05_2003_c22003,CiscoSystems,Inc.Allrightsreserved.66SDH/MSTP—Layer3ServicesInternetAccessforSubscribersCorporateIntranetAccessIPBackboneoverGigabitEthernetMasterHeadendFE/GEOSPF,EIGRP,IS-ISSDH/MSTP—Layer2EthernetServicesEthernetWireServices(EWS—Emulatesapoint-