高考英语语法《状语从句》备考知识点全方位整理

专题12状语从句高考分析状语从句是每年必考的语法项目，主要考查连词的正确使用.其中,对时间状语、条件状语、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考察哦最为频繁.以往，而点考杳的连词有:when,befbre,unless,so/aslongas,however,so...that等.一、状语从句概览状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句目的状语从句条件状语从句二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句.状语从句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后.

状语从句的种类常用连接词特殊连接词时间状语从句when,while,us.before,after,since,till,until,assoonas•些去小时间的名词：themoment,theinstant,theminute,theday.nexttime,everytime♦些副词：instantly,immediately,directly固定搭配的连词：nosooner...than.hardly...when,scarcely...when地点状语从句wherewherever,anywhere,everywhere原因状语从句because,as.for.sinceseeingthat,consideringthat,nowthat,giventhat,inthat,inasmuchas,insomuchas日的状潘从句sothat,inorderthat,thatlest,forfearthat,incase,inthehope（hat.onpurposethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat结果状语从句so...thac,sothat.such...thatsuchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat.Iosuchanextentthat条件状语从句if.unlesssuppose,supposing,providing,provided,onconditionthat,solongas,aslongas让步状语从句although,though,eventhough,evenifwhile（一般用在句首），as（用于倒装结构）whatever,whoever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever,whether...or3,“as+形容词+as+主调”结构用在句首比较状语从句as,than其他比较句型：ihemore...,themore;justas...,so...;AistoBwhat/asCistoD;nomore...than;notAsomuchasB/notsomuchAasB方式状语从句as,theway.时间状语从句when,while和as引导的时间状语从句when当.…•时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当.…•时候只可与延续性动词连用;侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边 边……；随着Frenchmusicwasabsorbwordsand¥别注意］如果主右常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生ResearchersinBritainfoundthatwhenplayed,salesofFrenchwineswentup.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerelyimages.Ashegrewolder,hebecamelessactive.J表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,则when,while与as可互换使用.When/While/AsIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.如何区分when引导的定语从句与when引导的时间状语从句.结构上的不同

若when引导定语从句,则when的前面必然有表示时间的名词,即先行词.若when引导时间状语从句,则其前面往往没有表示时间的名词，比如上面例句3中,when前面的tone就不是表示时间的名词，因此不可能作when的先行词..when的作用不同当when引导定语从句时,此时when是指代表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中作时间状语，修饰从句的谓语.当when引导时间状语从句时,此时when不在从句中作任何成分(比如不是作状语来修饰从句谓语)，只起连接主句和从句的作用.不过需要注意的是,when引导的时间从句修饰主句的谓语,作主句谓语的时间状语.因此,我们可以用这样一句话来区分when的两类从句:在when引导的定语从句里,作从句谓语的状语是when这个词,而在when引导的时间从句里,作主句谓语的状语是when引导的从句，而不是when这个词.2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如:themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly等，另外assoonas也可引导时间状语从句,从句中用一般时态代替将来时态.Forexample,themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination1stime.Theboyranofftheminutehesawtheowneroftheorchard.(2)在hardly/scarcely.・・when和nosooner...than・・.结构中，主句用过去完成时,than或when所在的从句用一般过去时.Ihadhardlytoldhimthenewswhenhestoppedlistening.Hehadnosoonerfinishedhisspeechthanthestudentsstartedcheering.［特别注意］在hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than.・・结构中，当hardly,scarcely或nosooner位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装.TheyhadhardlyreachedEdinburghwhentheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.=HardlyhadtheyreachedEdinburghwhentheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.till,until和not.・・until/till的用法until, till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句.肯定句中,其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词,表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止.not...untilnot...till・..两者均表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词,表示某动作直到某时间才开始.until可用于句首,而till不可放在

句首,till一般不用于强调句型.Thefatherwaiteduntilhisdaughterhadfinishedherhomework.Thebabydidn'tgotobedunti1/til1hismotherreturned.after,before引导的时间状语从句after表示“在……之后”，before表示“在……之前;还没来得及……就……”.Hechangedhisnameafterhelefthishometown.Beforemodernmedicinechangedthelawsofnature,manychildrendiedofcommonchildhooddiseases.［特别注意］（1）“Itwillbe/was+时间段+before从句”表示“在……之前还要多久/过了多久才……”.Itwi11behalfayearbeforeIgraduate.“Itwon'tbe/wasn't+时间段+before从句”表示“过不了多久就……/没过多久就……”.Itwasn'tlongbeforewestarted..since引导的时间状语从句since意为“自从……以来''，从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词一般是延续性动词.since从句的时态若是一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时.此外,since常用于以下句型：litis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句（常用一般过去时）1“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句（常用一般过去时）”句型的含义取决于从句的谓语动词是否为延续性动词.若从句谓语动词为非延续性动词,则表示从该动作开始一直延续到现在多久;若从句谓语动词为延续性动词,则表示从该动作结束到现在多久.TheyhavebeenfriendssincetheymetforthefirsttimeinLondon.自从在伦敦第一次见面以来，他们一直是朋友.Itisthreeyearssincethewarended.战争已经结束三年了.Itisthreeyearssincehelivedhere.他不在这里住已经有三年了.其他常见名词短语引导的时间状语从句everytime每次 eachtime每次anytime任何时候 nexttime下次allthetime （在某段时间内）一直thefirst/lasttime第一次/最后一次

theday/year...却，天/年 EverytimeImeetherIalwaysforgethername.ThefirsttimeImether,Ithoughtherniceandhonest.(二)条件状语从句.引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有：if,unless,as/solongas,incase(万一),once,onconditionthat,provided/providing(that),supposing/suppose(that),assumingthat(假设)等.You'llfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.Myparentsdon,tmindwhatjobIdoaslongasIamhappy..onlyif和ifonly的区别onlyif意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装.if0nly意为“但愿;要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气:与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时;与过去的情况相反时,从句用过去完成时;与将来的情况相反时,谓语用“would/could+动词原形”.Onlyifhestudieshardercanhecatchupwithothers.他只有更加努力学习才能赶上其他人.Ifonlyitwouldstopraining!但愿雨会停！(三)让步状语从句although,though,as与while引导的让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时,只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时,可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序;as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序,即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首,若表语是单数名词,前置时要省略冠词.A11hough/Thoughhemaybetroubled,healwayspresentsacalmsmilingface.Childas/thoughhewas,hehelpedmealot.Tryas/thoughhemight,hecouldnotopenthedoor.(2)although与though都可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用.Although/Thoughitwasraininghard,yettheywentonplayingfootball.(3)while引导让步状语从句时,一般置于句首.WhileIadmitthatthereareproblems,Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句

evenif与eventhough表示“即使,纵然”，引导让步状语从句时,可用虚拟语气,也可以用陈述语气.r11doit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.EvenifIwereinyourplace,Iwouldn*ttakethejob.“nomatter+疑问词”与“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句“nomatter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句.Don*ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.whoever,whatever,whomever, whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“nomatter+疑问词”不可以.whether...or(not)・・.引导的让步状语从句Whether...or.・•表示“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况.We’11goonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsornot.(四)地点状语从句地点状语从句可用where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere等引导.地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you'dbetterstaywhereyouareandwaitforhelp.Wherevershegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.［特别注意］where既可引导定语从句,也可引导状语从句.引导定语从句时,从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词,where可替换成“介词+which"；而状语从句前则无先行词.You'dbettermakeamarkattheplacewhereyouhaveanyquestions.(定语从句)You'dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.(状语从句)(五)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because因为 as由于 since既然nowthat既然 seeingthat由于；鉴于inthat由于；因为considering(that)考虑到;鉴于(1)because用来回答why的提问,语气最强,一般放在主句之后.(2)since,nowthat表示已知的理由、稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首.(3)as引导的从句常放在句首,说明次要的原因,主句说明结果,常用于口语中(注意比较:for连接的是并列句).Idon'tgetlonelynowbecauseImaketheefforttoseepeople.Asitisfine,weshallgooutforawalk.

［知识拓展］when也可表示“既然”，引导原因状语从句.Howcantheylearnanythingwhentheyspendalltheirsparetimewatchingtelevision?(六)目的状语从句(l)inorderthat与sothat引导的目的状语两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/inight/would+动词原形”.inorderthat比sothat正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后;而sothat引导的从句只能置于主句之后.Speakloudersothat/inorderthatthepeopleinthehallcanallhearyou.Inorderthatwemightgetthereontime,weshouldsetoutearly.［特别注意］当主从句的主语一致时,sothat和inorderthat引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构.Wegotupearlysothatwecouldarriveintime.Wegotupearlysoastoarriveintime.Bettysavedmoneyinorderthatshecouldbuyaportablecomputer.—Bettysavedmoneyinordertobuyaportablecomputer.(2)forfearthat与incase引导的目的状语从句forfearthat表示“唯恐;生怕“；incase表示“以免，以防”.Leaveyourkeywithyourneighborincaseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.(七)结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：sothat以至于 so...that.・•如此 以至于 such...that.・,如此 以至于 so...that・・•与such...that.・.引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：Error!Heissoexperiencedaworkerthatweallbelievehim.=Heissuchanexperiencedworkerthatweallbelievehim.他是一位很有经验的工人,我们都信任他.［特别注意］(1)在so...that・・.和such.・.that.・・结构中，当“so+adjJadvJ或“such+〃”置于句首时，主句要部分倒装.SofastdidherunthatIcouldn'tcatchhim.他跑得那么快,我抓不住他.(2)除结果状语从句外，too.・.to.......enoughto...,so...asto...,

such...asto.・・等不定式结构同样可以表示结果.Hegotuptoolatetocatchthefirsttrain.=Hedidn，tgetupearlyenoughtocatchthefirsttrain.=Hegotupsolateastomissthefirsttrain.他起床太晚了以至于没赶上第一班火车.（八）方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：■正如：按照 asif/asthough好像：仿佛Iasif或asthough引导的从句与事实相反时,通常用虚拟语气:与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时;与过去事实相反，从句谓语用“had+过去分词”；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”.从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述句语气.Theytreatherasthoughsheweretheirdaughter.他们待她如亲生女儿一样.Lookattheclouds!Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看那些云!看起来好像要下雨了.（九）比较状语从句比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as...as,notas/so...as,比较级+than引导.Heistallerthananyotherstudentinourschool.他比我们学校的其他任何一个学生都高.［知识拓展］what引导的比较状语从句的句式:AistoBwhatCistoD."A对B而言正如C对D一样”.状语从句的省略一般来说,应同时满足以下两点：.主句的主语和从句的主语一致,或从句主语是it;.从句谓语中含有be动词的情况下,我们可将从句的主语和be动词省去.这种省略常见于时间、地点、条件及让步状语从句中.I.单句语法填空（2021全国卷乙卷） Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconceptthelate1980s.（2020全国卷HI）heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary（传奇的）artist,theysmiledand66（point）downtheriver.（2018•北京高考改编）wedon'tstop

climatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.（2016•全国卷HI）Overtime,thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.（2016•四川高考）Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.（2014•辽宁高考）Unbelievable! Oh・・・,youdon'tmind,I'llstopandtakeadeepbreath.（2018•天津高考改编）Let's notpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekendsotheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.（2017•北京高考改编）birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersarefor otherpurposes.Andhespeakssoslowly andstrangely_ittakespatiencetounderstandwhatheissaying.Notwesucceedinlettingwildlifeliveinpeacecanwesmileinrelief.Inaddition,somesharpremarks,theyareeyecatching,mayhavemisleadingeffectsontheyouth.Interestingitmayseem,Idon'tlikeit.ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveseenthemoonlightIcamehere.Ibelievethissportsmeetingwillremainapreciousmemoryforallofustimegoesby.Iftheguestsareseatedatthetable,thehostsmayservethefood,oritmaybepassedso_eachpersonmayhelphimself.Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreserious,sowemusttakeactionitistoolate.II.单句改错（2018•全国卷n）ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.（2015,陕西高考）MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.

（2015•浙江高考）IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom,Iwillneverforgetit.（2014•全国卷）Anditiswisetohaveasmanygoodfriendsthatwecan.IhavefalleninlovewithjournalismwhenIwasachild.6.Beforetheoldmancameback,thesmellofthewhiskyremindedhimoftheaccident.Theclubwasverypopularthatmanystudentssignedupforit.Writetomeunlessyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheschedule.Luckily,hewastheonlyonewhofinallygotthejob,sothemanagerdecidedtogivethejobtowhoeverhebelievedwashelpful.Aslongasinsectshappentotouchthewebs,nomatterwhathardtheytry,theycan'tescape.Besides,assignalittleextratimefor