第十届矿床模型大会-8noel iron ore-2015xian

IronOreNoelCHonoraryLecturer,SocietyofEconomicGeologists经济地质学 荣誉学DistinguishedProfessor,HefeiUniversityofTechnology,Hefei合肥工业大学特聘教授 )客座教VisitingProfessor,FuzhouUniversity福州大学客座AdjunctProfessor,JamesCookUniversity,Townsville詹姆斯库克大学 AdjunctProfessor,UniversityofQueensland,Brisbane昆士兰大学 ResearchProfessor,CentreofExcellenceinOreDeposits,UniversityofTasmania塔斯马尼亚大学优秀矿 研究教WorldIronOreIronOreProductionand铁矿石的生产

3220mtin3110mtin2930mtin2800mtinDalstraandFlis,IronOre,ProductionandReserves,2013-铁矿石产量和储量（百万吨Mine

Millionsof Crude IronUnitedSouthOtherWorldWorldresourcesareestimatedat>230billiontonsofironcontainedin>800tonsofcrudeore世界铁资源储量总计大于2300亿吨，原矿石量总计8000亿SourceTheWorld‟sBigIronOre世界级大型铁Majorironoredepositsoccurasseveraldistinctdeposittypes铁矿床主要赋存在以下几种矿床类型中Enrichedbanded

条带状富铁建造Channeliron贯入型晚期岩浆铁矿Lateriticiron红土型岩浆热液型铁WhatisBandedIron什么是条带状铁建造BIFisasedimentaryrockconsistingofalternatinglayersofironminerals(oxides,silicates,sulfidesandcarbonate),quartzandBrockmanIronFormation,Pilbara,Western西澳Pilbara的BrockmanBrockmanIronFormation,Pilbara,Western西澳Pilbara的Brockman

CommonnamesforBIFincludetaconite(inNorthAmerica),jaspilite(inAustralia)anditabirite(in 岩（巴西BIFagesrangefromearlyArcheantoDevonian,butitismostabundantinlateArcheanandearlyProterozoicsequences

TypesofIron含铁建造的Algoma-type:Precambriangreenstonebelts,smallbasins,deepwater阿格玛型：前寒武绿岩带，小盆地，深水特征Generally2.6Ga通常>26亿Volcanichostrocks火山岩熔Thin,lenticular(fewmetreswide,fewkilometreslong薄层状、透镜状（通常Allfaciespresent,banded都呈现条带状TypesofIron铁建造Superior-type:Proterozoicshelfsequencesshallowwater优势类型：Most2.51.9Ga大多数2.5-Dominantlysedimentaryhostrocks为沉积Thickextensive(10sto100smetresthick,100skmslong)厚而大量（几十到几百Allfaciespresent,banded都呈现条带状Rapitanironformation,PhotoP

TypesofIron铁建造Rapitan-type:Late-Proterozoicpassiveorriftedmarginwithpossiblethickglacialmarinefingerprint(tiedtoSnowballEarth?)（）800to700Ma800-Dominantlysedimentaryhostrocks主要为沉Thick,extensive(10sto100smetresthick,100skmslong厚而大量（几十到几百米Hematiticfaciesonly赤铁AgeandFrequencyofBIFBIF和成矿WilgenaHillJaspiliteMiddlebackRangesSouthAustralia南澳Middleback山脉WilgenaHill碧玉铁BeukesandGutzmer,Itsthicknessranges<1m.toseveralhundredItslateralextentvariesfrom<1km.tomanyhundredsofkilometresItsmineralogyisdominatedbymagnetite,hematite,siderite,ironsilicates(e.g.,stilpnomelane,riebeckite),quartzanddolomiteIronrangesofthewesternLakeSuperiorregion西苏必利尔湖区域铁矿100

GeologyoftheHamersleyBasinWesternAustraliaNotethelateralextentofthebandedironformationsinbrown铁建造的横向延伸BIFformedasachemicalprecipitatefromiron-richseawater–theironisprobablyofhydrothermalorigin,dispersedinmarinebasinsbeforeprecipitatingoverlargeareasBIThemajorBIFsdepositedunderveryquietconditions,resultinginfinebeddingthatcanbetracedindetailoverhundredsofkilometres大型BIModelfortheoriginofironformationbyhydrothermalleachingofvolcanicrocksandsubsequentatmosphericoxidation.铁建造形成的Nozoningof没有相的分

Wangetal.,Kappleretal.,ModelfortheoriginofironformationbybacterialoxidationofhydrothermalFe2+.铁建造形成模型，氧化细菌作用使热液Fe2+氧ShallowchertdeepBIF浅燧石，深成AfterJames,AfterJames,ModelfortheoriginoffaciesofironformationinArcheangreenstonebelts.Thedifferentironmineralsarebelievedtoresultfromdifferentwaterdepthsandconsequentlydifferentavailabilityofoxygen.太古宙绿岩带不同深度的水体因含氧程度不同而沉淀浅部条带状铁建造-含铁碳酸盐岩-深浅部条带状铁建造-含铁碳酸盐岩-深部铁的硫BeukesandGutzmer,Modelfortheoriginoffaciesofironformationincratonicbasins.Thestratifiedoceansystemhasloworganicmatterproductionintheopenmarineenvironmentbuthighonthecarbonateshelf.在克拉通盆 建造不同相的成因模型。分层的海洋系统在开的海洋环境生产很少的有机物但是在碳酸盐台地却很Carbonateshelf--shallowchertandshale–carbonateBIF–deepoxide碳酸盐岩陆棚—浅燧石和页岩—碳酸盐岩条带状铁建造—深部氧化型条带状BIFandCarbonateBIF和碳酸盐BeddedBIFanddolomitewithrip-upclastsofBIFNearYandicoogina,WesternAustralia西澳Yandicoogina附近Wangetal.,ShallowhematiteBIF–magnetiteBIF–mixedcarbonate-silicate-magnetitedeepcarbonateiron浅部赤铁矿型条带状铁建铁矿型条带状铁酸盐-硅酸盐-磁铁矿-深ArcheanArcheanBIF,CoppinsGap,WesternWhenisBIFIron什么时候BIF才能算是铁矿石MostBIFisnotiron大部分的BIF不是铁矿ItmaybeironorewhenitsFecontent>25%(asmagnetite)withlowPandS当铁含量＞25％（磁铁矿）、低P和S时，才铁矿OxidefaciesBIFisdominatedbymagnetitesoitcanbemappedusingmagnetic氧化物相的BIF以磁铁矿为主，所以可以用磁测量来填 everybignoredeposisoccurneBIFstratigraphybutmostaretmagnetic非常大的铁矿床出现在BIFTheMAJORBIF-hostedironoredepositsBIF赋存的大型铁矿床»Arelocalmajoraccumulationsofand是赤铁矿和针积»TheyoccurintheBIF它们出现在BIF地层»Theyarestructurally受构造控»Theyresultfromhypogeneandprocessesoverprintedontothe由深成和浅生作用叠加在BIF»Thecausesforenri entcanbedifferentindifferentdeposits,buttheproductsaresimilarinalldeposits富集的原因根据不同的矿床而不同，是产物在所有矿床中都是FromFromDataPhotosbyKerryBandedironformationNorthWest条带状铁建造。WestFreshbandedironformationNorthWestDeposit新鲜的条带状铁建NorthWest铁MtTomPriceIronOreMine,HamersleyProvince,Western西澳Hamersley省MtTomMtTomPriceIronOre,HamersleyProvince,Western西澳Hamersley省MtTomPriceSEProng:H1ChardconchoidalPhotobyKerryO'Sullivan,September1985,FromDataMtTomPriceIronOreMine,HamersleyProvince,Western西澳Hamersley省MtTomPrice铁ViewwestfromSynclines.NorthWestDeposit,lowrisemiddledistancecentredrillingrig.WestPittorightofscene.TheendofSouthernRidgetoleftof从Synclines向西看。NorthWest矿 中间有钻机台的低缓高地 右侧WestPit左侧是SouthernRidge的一端IronIronOreMine,HamersleyProvince,WesternAustralia,西澳Hamersley省西澳Hamersley省铁矿 IronOreMine,HamersleyProvince,Western西澳Hamersley省 铁Geologicalmap.Notethesizeandcomplexityofthe地质图，注意矿体的大小和复杂程 IronOreMine,HamersleyProvince,Western西澳Hamersley省 铁Geologicalcross-section.Notecomplexityoftheorebodyandrelationto地质剖面，注意矿体的复杂程度及其与构造Convertingprotolithto从原岩到矿石的

Evansetal.,leachedzone:silicaremoved,evaporiticcarbonate;e.g.,WittenoomDolomiteBIFformedonpassivecratonmarginsfluidinfiltration brinesalinityupto5timesmodernDischargeSiO2-rich Archeanbasement silicaremovedtoformore ModelforformingenrichedBIFbyleachingBIFwithevaporitic富BIF铁矿形成模型，通过原生代蒸发岩海水淋滤

Evansetal.,GeneticmodelformajorBIF-hostedironoresofthe世界上主要BIF赋存型铁矿的 ironoremine,Western2.6GaHamersleyironformation,Western2.6GaHamersleyformation,Western2.6GaHamersleyironformation,WesternExploration–Whattolook勘探－寻找BIFhorizons–thethickertheSynformsandstructuresin

BIF层－越厚BIF中的向形和构Post-BIFunconformitiesandweatheredBIF形成后的不整合面和风化表Burialmetamorphismproducespremium埋藏变质生产出高质量的矿GeneralisedsectionatMtTomPriceshowingmetamorphosedoredeposits(mplH)intheBrockmanIronFormationandnon-metamorphoseddepositsintheBrockmanandMarraMambaIronFormationsMtTomPrice矿的简化剖面。显示在Brockman含铁建造中的变质矿床，以及BrockmanOtherIronOre其它铁Environmentswithabundantiron-richrockscanalsoproduceothertypesofironoredeposits大量富矿石产生的环境同时产它类型的铁Lateriticironoredepositsareproducedbyweatheringofiron-richstratigraphy,resultinginenri entinOtherIronOre其它Erodediron-enrichedrockscanaccumulateinvalleys,andthere emoreiron-enriched,resultinginchannelironoreThesedepositsmaynowbeinthebottomsofvalleys,ormayformmesasresultingfromtopographicinversionduetoerosion侵蚀红土带剖Erodedlateriticprofile,Burkina侵蚀红土带剖ChannelIronOre河道型铁矿Occuriniron-richdistrictswithBIFand/or与BIF及红土型铁矿一起出现CanoccurinsamedistrictsasenrichedBIF-hosted可以与富集后的BIF ChannelIronOre河道型铁矿Originallyfilledmaturevalleysinlow-relief最初淤积在低高差古地形的成熟山谷Nowmaybeinthebottomsofvalleys,ormayformmesasresultingfromtopographicinversionduetoerosion ChannelIronOre河道型铁Canbemajordepositswithreservesofbillionsoftonnes>50%Fe,lowPandS此型矿床可能是大型，有十