自主学习4-答案

自主学习4PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasewritethecorrespondingletterforeachitemintheblank.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A

NewYorkTimes-CBSNewspollfoundthatalmost90percentofAmericansthinkthathomeownershipisanimportantpartoftheAmericandream.Butonly7percentofAmericans1)____rankedhomeownershipastheirfirstorseconddefinitionoftheAmericandream.Whythe2)____?OwningrealestateisimportanttosomeAmericans,butnotasimportant--oras3)___rewarding--aswe'reledtobelieve.FederalsupportofhomeownershipgreatlyovervaluesitsmeaninginAmericanlife.Throughtaxbreaksandguarantees,thegovernment4)____homeownershiptoitspeakin2004,when69percentofAmericanhouseholdsownedhomes.Subsidiesforhomeownership,5)___themortgage(抵押)interestdeduction,reached$230billionin2009,accordingtotheCongressionalBudgetOffice.Meanwhile,only$60billionintaxbreaksandspendingprograms6)____renters.Theresultofthisrealestatespendingcraze?AccordingtotheFederalReserve,Americanrealestatelostmorethan$6trillionin7)___,oralmost30percent,between2006and2010.OneinfiveAmericanhomeownersisunderwater,owingmoreonamortgagethanwhatthehomeis8)___.Thosewhoprofitmostfromhomeownershiparedefinitelythelargestsourceofpoliticalcampaign9)_____.Insurancecompanies,securitiesandinvestmentfirms,realestateinterests,andcommercialbanksgavemorethan$100milliontofederalcandidatesandpartiesin2011,accordingtotheCenterforResponsivePolitics.Homeownershipismoreimportantto10)_____intereststhanitistomostAmericans,who,accordingtoourresearch,caremoreabout"agoodjob,""thepursuitofhappiness"and"freedom."A)aidedF)differenceK)rapidlyB)attributedG)expectedL)specialC)benefitH)financiallyM)surveyedD)boostedI)includingN)valueE)contributionsJ)politicalO)worth1—5MFHDI6---10ANOELSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbywritingthecorrespondingletterintheblank.FightUnhealthyFood,NotFatPeopleA)It’shardlybreakingnewsthatjunkfoodisbadforus.Butjusthowbad---andjusthowmuchfoodcompaniesknowabouttheaddictive(添加剂)

componentsofcertainfoods,andjusthowmuchtheydeliberatelytargetthe

mostvulnerableconsumersknowingtheyaredoingdamage---isstillbeingdiscovered.TheNewYorkTimesoffersthelatestinstallmentinthisweekend’smagazinewithanarticleaboutthescienceofjunkfoodaddiction.B)Nearlyeverythingwrittenaboutfoodinthemainstreammediareliesonthesamenarrative:Obesityis

bad.Thatkindofreportingispartofwhat’skeepingussick.There’snodenyingthefactthatthe

Americanpublichasgottenlargerinrecentdecades.Alongwithgettingfatter,we'vealsoseenarisein

illnesseslikeheartdiseaseandcertaincancers.Insteadoffocusingonhowourhealthishurting,most

ofthemediacoverageusestheterm“obesity”,makingthestorymoreaboutweightthanabout

health---tothepointwhereit’sbecomeanacceptedtruththat“fat”equals“unhealthy”.C)That’snotactuallythecase,though.While“theobesityepidemic”maybeaconvenientcatch-allfortheillnessesandhealthproblemsrelatedtoourfoodchain.it’salazytermandaninaccurateone.Are

weactuallyworriedaboutpublichealth?Orareweoffendedbyfatbodiesthatdon’tmeetourthinideals?Inallseriousness:Whatgooddoesafocusonbodysizeactuallydo?D)Ifwe’reactuallyconcernedabouthealth,thenweshouldfocusonhealth.Theaddictivequalitiesof

ourfood,thelackofoversight(监督).thehighlevelsofchemicalsandthegovernmentsubsidies(补贴)tomakepriceslowermakingtheworstfoodsthemostaccessibleshouldconcernusandspurustoaction.Nutrient-deficient(营养缺乏的)chemically-processed"food"inincreasinglylargersizesisbadforallofourbodies,whetherwe'refatorthinorsomewhereinbetween.Soisthecultureinwhichfastfoodisabletothrive.Americansworkmorethaneverbefore;wetakefewervacationdaysandputinlongerhours,especiallysincetherecessionhit.TheUSremainstheonlyindustrializedcountrywithoutnationalpaidparentalleaveandwithoutcompulsoryannualvacationtime;wealsohavenofederallawrequiringpaidsickdays.85%ofAmericanmenand66%ofwomenworkmorethan40hoursperweek.InNorway,forcomparison,23%ofmenworkmorethan40-hourweeks,andonly7%ofwomen.E)Despiteallthiswork,Americanincomelevelsremainremarkablydividedintothepoorestandtherichest,withtherichestfewcontrollingnearlyallofthewealth.Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesonearth,oneinsevenpeoplerelyonfederalfoodaid,withmostofthefinancialbenefitsgoingtobigfoodcompanieswhoarealsoabletoproducecheap,nutritionallyquestionablefoodthankstoagriculturalsubsidies.Thepricesoftheworstfoodsareartificiallydepressed,thebigfoodlobbieshaveenormouspower,andthebiggestloseristheAmericanpublic,especiallylow-incomefolkswhospendlargerproportionsoftheirincomeonfoodbutfacesystematicimpediments(妨碍)tohealthyeatingandexercise.F)Withdemandingworkdays,littletimeoffanddisproportionateamountsofourincomesgoingtowardthingslikehealthinsuranceandchildcarethatothercountriesprovideatalowercost,isitanysurprisethatweeatfast-foodbreakfastonourlapsinthecarandpreferdinneroptionsthatarequickandcheap?G)Reformingourfoodsystemrequiresmajorstructuralchanges,notjustsayingnotoputdownthatbagofchips.Weneedtopushbackagainstcorporateinterests.Foodcompaniesareincredibly"goodatpositingthemselvesascrusaders(拥护者)forpersonalchoiceandentitiessimplydedicatedtogivingthepublicwhatitwants.Somehow,bigfoodcompanieshaveconvincedusthatdrinkinga32ozsodaisamatterofpersonalliberty,andthatthegovernmenthasnoplaceinregulatinghowmuchliquid

sugarcanbesoldinasinglecontainer.H)Infact,weknow---andtheycertainlyknow---thathumanbeingsareremarkablybadatjudginghowmuchwe'reeating.Foodcompaniesusethatinformationtoencourageover-consumption,andtotargetcertainconsumerswhotendtohavelessdisposableincometoinvestinhealthyfood

---poorpeople,peopleofcolor,kids.I)Foodisasocialjusticeissuethathasdisproportionatelynegativeimpactsongroupsalreadyfacinghardship.Thatshouldbeanissueforeverysociallyconsciousperson.Butwhenlookingatthelargenumberofproblemscausednotonlybyourbigfoodindustrybutbythepoliciesthatenablethemandourculturalnormsthatincentivizepoorhealthchoices,toomanypeoplesimplyturn"obesity"intotheboogeyman(鬼怪).Doctorsevenblamefatnessforallsortsofmedicalconditionsandpeopledon'tgetpropertreatment.Fatwomengotothedoctorlessoftenforroutinecancerscreenings,andpatientsreportdoctorsfocusingontheirweightandignoringrealmedicalproblemslikebrokenbonesandasthma(哮喘).J）Onthepolicyside,promotersoflawsthatincentivizehealthorpushbackoncorporatefoodinterestssuchasMichelleObama’sLet'sMove!initiative,bansonextra-largesodas,andextraSNAPbenefitsatfarmer'smarketsinevitablytarget"obesity"intheircampaigns.Thatstrategyhastheeffectofmaligning(诽谤)thebeautyofcertainbodiesinsteadofencouragingeveryonetobehealthierandcounteringtheenormousinfluenceofbigcompanies.Asaresult,manypeoplewhoshouldbethenaturalalliesofhealth-promotinginitiativesareputoffbytheshamingfatlanguage.K）"Obesityepidemic"languagehasalsofedintotheideaofbodysizeandeatinghabitsassocialgroup.

Thinnerkale(甘蓝)

---eatingeliteliberalsintheNortheastaretryingtoforce-feedcabbagetoheavierrealAmericansintheSouthandMidwest.Noonewinswiththatkindofculturalpolarization.L）Yes,let'spushbackagainstbigfoodcompaniesandquestiontheiroutsizedinfluenceinWashington

andinourdailylives,andlet'sfocusonmakinghealthyfoodmorewidelyaccessible.Let'srealizethat

thechallengesextendbeyondjustwhatweeat.Let'sfightforthehumane(仁爱的)workpoliciesthatwillmakeusallhealthier.M）Butlet'sdothatbecausepublichealthisallofourconcern,notbecauseit'sculturallyeasytopointthe

fingeratfatpeople.Givingeverymemberofasocietythechancetobeashealthyaspossibleisa

moralgood.Itsavesmoneyanditsaveslives.Solet'sdoittherightwayandthemosteffectivewaywithoutlazilyrelyingontheword"obesity".11.Asasocialjusticeproblem,foodnegativelyimpactongroupswhoalreadyhavehadadifficultlife12.Theword"obesity"usedbymostmediacoverageshowstheyconcernlessaboutourhealththanourweight.13.Weshouldconcentrateonmakingpeoplehavemoreaccesstogethealthyfood.14.Inoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld,oneinsevenAmericansliveonfederalfoodaid.15.Amongtheindustrializedcountries,theUSistheonlyonehavingnonationalpaidparentalleaveandsickdays,andcompulsoryannualvacationtime.16.Thesameideaaboutfoodinthemainstreammediaisthatobesityisnotgood.17.Theterm"obesityepidemic"haspromotedtheideaofbodysizeandeatinghabitsassocialgroup.18.Tomakestructuralchangesofourfoodsystem,weneedtofightagainstfoodcompanies'interests.19.Itisthegovernmentsubsidiestolowerthepricesoffoodthatmaketheworstfoodsthemostobtainable.20.Itisamoralgoodtooffereveryoneinthesocietytheopportunitytobeashealthyastheycould.11—15IBLED16---20BKGDMSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterintheblank.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Instinctively,thefirstthingwewanttoknowaboutadiseaseiswhetheritisgoingtokillus.Twenty-fiveyearsago,thiswastheonlyquestionaboutAIDSwecouldanswerwithanycertainty;now,itistheonlyquestionwereallycannotanswerwellatall.Bynow,thoseofusintheAIDSbusinesslongtermhavecaredforthousandsofpatients.NoonewiththatkindofpersonalexperiencecandoubtforamomentthedeadlypotentialofHIVorthelife-savingcapabilitiesofthedrugsdevelopedagainstit.Buttherearealsonowhundredsoffootnotesandexceptionsandmodificationstothosetwofactsthatmakethebigpictureevermurkier(扑朔迷离).Wehavepatientsscatteredateverypossiblepoint:menandwomenwhocruiseontheirmedicationswithnoproblemsatall,andthosewhoneverbecomestableonthemanddieofAIDS;thosewhorefusethemuntilitistoolate,andthosewhoneverneedthematall;thosewholeaveAIDSfarbehindonlytodiefromlungcancerorbreastcancerorliverfailure,andthosefewwhoarekilledbythemedicationsthemselves.So,whenwewelcomeanewpatientintoourworld,onewhosefatedplaceinthisworldisstillunclear,andthatpatientasksus,asmostdo,whetherthisillnessisgoingtokillhimornot,itoftentakesabitofmentalstammeringbeforewehazardananswer.Now,acompleterundownofallthenewsfromthefrontwouldtakehours.Thestatisticschangealmosthourlyasnewtreatmentsappear.Itisalltoocold,toomathematical,tooscarytodumpontheheadofasick,frightenedperson.Sowesimplify."Wehavegoodtreatmentsnow,”wesay."Youshoulddofine."Once,notsolongago,wewereworkinginanotheruniverse.Nowwehavesimplyrejoinedthecarnival(嘉年华)ofmodernmedicine,noisyandencouraging,confusingandcontradictory,fueledbytheeternalbalancingofbenefitsandrisks.Youcan.winbig,andwhyshouldn'tyou,withtheusualfall-safecombinationofluckandmoney.Youhaveourverybesthopes,sosteprightup:wesellbigmiraclesbut,offernoguarantees.21.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAIDS?A)Itisdefinitelydeadlytwenty-fiveyearsago.B)Thepatientswanttoknoweverythingaboutit.C)Wecanansweranythingaboutitwithcertaintynow.D)Wecouldnotanswerquestionsaboutitwellbefore.22.WhatdoweknowabouttheAIDSpatientstheyhavecaredfor?A)Allofthemneedthehelpofmedications.B)Someofthemdieofrefusingmedications.C)AllofthemdieofAIDSeventually.D)SomeofthemarekilledbythefearofAIDS.23.By"mentalstammering",theauthormeans____________.A)theycannotgiveanexactanswertoexactanswertoAIDSpatients.B)theyhesitatetotellthetruthtoAIDSpatientswhowilldieC)theyarenotallowedtotellpatientstheirfateD)theyhavetomakeupexcusestocomfortAIDSpatients24.AcompletecountofallthestatisticsaboutAIDS_________.A)willpromotenewtreatmentstoappearB)willsimplifydoctors'answersaboutAIDSC)willbetoocoldandmathematicalfordoctorsD)willbeinfluencedbynewtreatments25.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A)ThelifeofAIDSpatientswasofferednoguaranteesnotsolongago.B)AIDScanbegotridofwiththefail-safecombinationofluckandmoney.C)DoctorsshouldofferAIDSpatientstheirbesthopestoencouragethem.D)ModernmedicinebringsaboutbothbenefitsandriskstoAIDSpatients.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Mostofuswouldshyawayfrommakingpurchasesinaforeigncountryifwedidn'tknowtheexchangerate.Yet,ifprivacyisthetruecurrencyoftheInternet,asmanyargue,millionsofusaredoingthatverythingeveryday.Meanwhile,Internetgiantsamendtheirprivacypoliciesinwaysthatallowthemtoharvestandsellevenmoreofourpersonaldata.Whileprivacycampaignersprotest,usersgenerallyvotewiththeirclicksandcarryonregardless.SoshouldweconcludetheInternetgenerationishappytotradeitsprivacyforfreeorcheaperWebservices?NotaccordingtoNicolaJentzschoftheGermanInstituteofResearchinBerlin,andcolleagues,wholastweekpublishedresearchshowingthatmostpeopleprefertoprotecttheirpersonaldatawhengivenachoiceandthatasignificantproportionarewillingtopayextratodoso.Theresearchersdirected443studentstoawebsiteofferingticketsforarealmovieshowing,soldbytwodifferentvendors(商贩).Althoughtheticketsweresubsidized,thevolunteers,whowereabletopurchaseone,two,ornotickets,hadtopaymostofthecostthemselves.Whenbothvendorsofferedticketsatthesamepricebutonlyonerequiredcustomerstoentertheircellphonenumber,themoreprivacy-friendlyvendorgot83%ofsales.Whenparticipantswereofferedthesamechoice,butwithanadditionalchargeof50eurocentsfromtheprivacy-friendlycinema,itsmarketsharefellto31%."Itturnsoutthatwhenyouaregoodonprivacyyoucanchargemoreandmakeagreaterprofit,"saysAlessandroAcquistioftheUniversityofCambridge,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,publishedbytheEuropeanNetworkandInformationSecurityAgency."Whatpeoplesayinsurveysisthattheycareaboutprivacy,butwhattheyactuallydoisspendtheirtimeconstantlyupdatingtheirstatusonFacebook,"saysAcquisti."Thishasledsometoconcludethatpeoplenolongercareaboutprivacy.Thisnewdata,alongwithsimilarworkwehavedoneintheU.S,showsthisisnotthecase,andthatthedesireforprivacyisnotdeadafterall."26.Accordingtothepassage,manypeoplethinkthat_____________.A)wecanbenefitfromsellingourpersonaldataB)InternetgiantsshouldperfecttheirprivacypoliciesC)ourprivacyisthetruecurrencyoftheInternetD)privacycampaignersshouldvotewiththeirclicks27.WhatdoesNicolaJentzschsayabouttheInternetgeneration?A)TheyaremorelikelytotradetheirprivacyforfreeWebservices.B)Theyarewillingtopayextratoprotecttheirpersonaldata.C)Mostofthemwillprotecttheirprivacywhengivenachoice.D)MostofthemarehappytosharetheirpersonaldataontheInternet.28.Inwhatcircumstancesdidthemarketshareoftheprivacy-friendlycinemafall?A)Whenitoffersticketsatthesamepriceastheotherdid.B)Whenitaskedcustomerstoentertheircellphonenumber.C)Whenitchargedcustomersanadditional50eurocents.D)Whenitraisedtheaveragepriceofoneticketby83%.29.AccordingtoAlessandroAcquisti,howcanvendorsmakeagreaterprofit?A)Tobefriendlytoconsumers'privacy.B)Toofferacompetitivepricetoconsumers.C)Tobegoodattrackingconsumers'privacy.D)ToincreaseexpensesontheWebservices.30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A)Topromoteunderstandingbetweenvendorsandconsumers.B)Toarguethatpeoplestillcaresabouttheirprivacy.C)TopersuadepeoplenottoconstantlyupdatetheirstatusonFacebook.D)Tourgevendorstobemoreprivacy-friendlytomakeagreaterprofit.PartIIVocabulary(15minutes)Directions:CompleteeachofthefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinthebracketsintooneEnglishwordwithitsinitiallettergiven.

注意：请填写完整的单词,并注意词的形式。31.Weneeds【sufficient】(足够的=enough)prooftoprovethatsheisinnocent。32.Herremarkswereconsiderateandverya【appropriate】(合适的=suitable)tothesituation.33.Itisa【acknowledged】(承认)thatheisthecountry'sgreatestwriter.34.Youcanr【raise】(提高=increase)yourvocabularywithwidereading.35.Thesoldiersaresafeguardingthes【sacred】（神圣的）territoryofourmotherland.36.Thestudentsaref【forbidden】(严禁=notallowed)theuseofthecellphoneduringthee