How-to-Get-the-Poor-off-教学讲解课件

HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience——JohnKennethGalbraithHowtoGetthePooroffOurCoPeril:danger,hazard,危险inperilPerilous:dangerous,hazardous,危险的，冒险的Plutarch:aGreekhistorian,biographer,andessayist.Ailment:asmallillness,小病，微恙Affluence:wealth,prosper,富裕，丰富

affluentPeril:danger,hazard,危险inpPreoccupation:absorption,allattention

全神贯注，当务之急，关注的事Anintellectpreoccupation:forcenturiesthosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceoftherichandthepoor.

有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦思考探索的问题Preoccupation:absorption,allPropose:打算，计划，建议，求婚Meek:patientandmild,submissiveTheWealthofNations《国富论》：

writtenbyAdamSmith,afamousScottishmoralphilosopherandeconomist.Thebookisgenerallyrecognizedasthefoundationworkofclassicaleconomics.Inthebook,AdamSmithputforwardthetheoryofthedivisionoflabor.Propose:打算，计划，建议，求婚Approve:confirm,agree批准，赞成Disapprove:disagreeAugment:enlargeorincrease.Diminish:decreaseinsize,extent,orrange.Para:Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-centered.:Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.Approve:confirm,agree批准，赞成Essential:completelynecessary.必要的，必不可少的。（n.）somethingthatisneededinaparticularsituationorinordertodoaparticularthing.(pl.)要素，要点，本质。Fecund:[‘fikənd],(adj.)abletoproducealotofchildren,crops,etc.fertile,prolific.肥沃的，多产的Fecundity:[fɪ'kʌnditi]

(n.)多产,富饶,繁殖力

Essential:completelynecessargrievous:veryseriousandoftencausinggreatpainorsuffering.令人悲痛的,悲伤的,极严重的;

grieve:~(for/oversb/sth)tofeelverysad,especiallybecausesbhasdied:使悲痛，使伤心

Subsistence:thestateofhavingjustenoughmoneyorfoodtostayalive:Manyfamiliesarelivingbelowthelevelofsubsistence.生存，生计grievous:veryseriousandoftAmelioration:improvementorbetterment,改善，改良Para:However,Malthuswashimselfnotwithoutacertainfeelingofresponsibility:….afullyeffectivemethodofbirthcontrol.Malthusurgedthatthemarriageceremonyshouldcontainawarningtopeoplenottohaveexcessivesexualintercourseandtoomanychildren.By“irresponsible”,Malthusmeantthatsexualintercourseshouldnotbeconductedoutoflust,Amelioration:improvementorbWithoutthinkingofconsequences.Malthushopedthatinthisway,birthcontrolcouldbeaccomplished.Buttheauthorsaidthatthewarninghadnotbeenaccepted.TheauthoragreedthatMalthusmeantwellbutironicallyimpliedthatitwasnaïvetoexpectthathumanswouldbeconvincedbytheMalthusianargument.WithoutthinkingofconseOverride,(v.)touseyourauthoritytorejectsb‘sdecision,order,etc.不顾，不理睬，否决；压倒，优先于

overriding,[onlybeforenoun]moreimportantthananythingelseinaparticularsituation:theoverridingfactor/consideration/concern◆Theiroverridingaimwastokeepcostslow.◆Timewasofoverridingimportance.最主要的Override,(v.)touseyourautExtrude,(v.)toforceorpushsth.outofsth.;tobeforcedorpushedinthisway挤出,压出,逐出美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口。而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾给掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝意志在起作用。Extrude,(v.)toforceorpushPara:Itdeclinedinpopularity,andreferencestoitacquiredacondemnatorytone.peoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,love,andfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.Para:ItdeclinedinpopularitAmorphous:(adjective)[usuallybeforenoun](written)havingnodefiniteshape,formorstructure

虚无的，无定形的Substantialmeasureofresponsibility:在很大程度上负有责任

unemploymentinsurance:失业保险

theunemployableandthehandicapped:无法就业和残疾人

directrelief:直接救济

MedicareandMedicaid:医疗照顾和医疗补助Amorphous:(adjective)[usuallSuspend:(v.)1，tohangsthfromsthelse:Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.悬挂

2，toofficiallystopsthforatime中止

3，toofficiallypreventsbfromdoingtheirjob,goingtoschool,etc.foratime:◆Shewassuspendedfromschoolforaweek.使停职;使暂停参加活动;使休学

unrewarding:没有补偿的;无报酬的Suspend:(v.)1，tohangsthfrProcure:toobtainsth,especiallywithdifficulty获得

procurement获得Allegation:apublicstatementthatismadewithoutgivingproof,accusingsbofdoingsththatiswrongorillegal:Severalnewspapersmadeallegationsofcorruptioninthecity‘spolicedepartment.

指控，断言，主张Procure:toobtainsth,especiTheessenceofthefirstdesign:ItistotakeawaytheresponsibilitytoaidthepoorfromthegovernmentandtoputanendtothesocialwelfarepoliciessincetheNewDeal.Whatistheargumentofthefirstdesign?Theargumentrunslikethis:mostoftheassistancetothepoorhastobeundertakenbythegovernment,butthegovernmentisinessenceincompetentandineffectiveandwillmakeamessofthejob.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldnotbeaskedtoaidthepoor.TheessenceofthefirstdesigBureau:写字台,书桌衣橱;梳妆台(政府机构的)局,司,署,处Bureaucrat:官僚;官僚主义者bureaucracyReplete:filledwith,rifewith,充满的，充斥的Overwhelmingly,巨大地，压倒性地，极好地Aberration:越轨，误差，偏差，失常

amentalaberrationBureau:写字台,书桌衣橱;梳妆台(政府机构的)局,司,Morale:mentalfeelingorspirit,especiallyfeelingsofconfidenceorhope.士气，斗志，人心。Seduce:succeedintempting(alessexperiencedperson)intohavingsexualintercourse:诱奸，勾引

peusuadeorattract(aperson)intodoingorthinking.引诱，诱惑，吸引

Morale:mentalfeelingorspirInflict:1.give(ablow)orimpose:给予，强加2.cause(damage,suffering,punishment)导致（破坏，痛苦，惩罚等）Adverse；notinfavourof,goagainst,opposing.不利的，逆的，反对的Incentive:motive,stimulus.动机，鼓励，激励。Competitionisthestrongestincentivetoindustry.Feckless:无目标的，无计划的，无效的，不负责的Inflict:1.give(ablow)orimPara:beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchfortruth.Butmoreoftethannot,itisacceptedbecauseitisconvenientandself-serving.

信念可以是真理的仆人—但更多的情况下，只是一时之需。Para:beliefcanbetheservaPresume:suppose,takeforgrantedwithoutproving.假定，以为，推测Maximum,Heplayedhisgiftandtalenttothemaximum(full).Minimum:Governmentistakingmeasurestomakethedamageofeconomicdepressionbereducedtotheminimum.Enduring:lasting,permanent持久的Presume:suppose,takeforgraTransparent:(ofglass,plastic,etc.)allowingyoutoseethroughit:Theinsect‘swingsarealmosttransparent.透明的，明显的，清晰的negativeincometax

n.<美>逆所得税,最低收入补贴(美国联邦政府对低收入者或家庭的一种补助)Impoverish:tomakesbpoor:使贫穷，使赤贫Transparent:(ofglass,plasticCherish:(1)tolovesb/sthverymuchandwanttoprotectthemorit:Childrenneedtobecherished.珍爱;珍视，抚育;爱护

(2)tokeepanidea,ahopeorapleasantfeelinginyourmindforalongtime:怀有，抱有（情感，希望）◆Hecherishesthehopethatonedaytheywillmeetagain.Cherish:(1)tolovesb/sthverResort:诉诸,凭借,求助[(+to)]

Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthatheresortedtoforce.(n.)aplacewherealotofpeoplegoonholiday/vacation:度假胜地，名胜等seaside/ski/mountainresorts

（n.）手段，采用的方法

Strikeactionshouldberegardedasalastresort,whenallattemptstonegotiatehavefailed.Resort:诉诸,凭借,求助[(+to)]

ItwasAhighlyprobableextinction:referstothepossibleoutbreakofanuclearwar,byplanorbyaccident,whichwilldestroythewholeworld.Resolve:tomakeafirmdecisiontodosth:决心，决定Ahighlyprobableextinction:A.F.D.C.:对有未成年子女家庭的补助Foodstamps:食品券Workers’Compensation:工人（失业）补助金Subsidizedhousing:住房补贴Disabilityinsurance:伤残保险A.F.D.C.:对有未成年子女家庭的补助Triage:(inahospital)theprocessofdecidinghowseriouslyill/sickorinjuredapersonis,sothatthemostseriouscasescanbetreatedfirst.伤员鉴别分类，优先分配Compassion:~(forsb)astrongfeelingofsympathyforpeoplewhoaresufferingandadesiretohelpthem:同情，怜悯Triage:(inahospital)theprTranquil:(adj.)quietandpeaceful:平静的，安宁的

tranquility:安静，平静，社会稳定Q:What’sdoestheauthorthinkitisthemosttrulyconservativecourse?TheconservativeswanttomaintainthestatusquointheUnitedStates.TheywanttomaintainandpromoteAmericansocialandpoliticalsystems,Americaninstaurationsandvalues.Tranquil:(adj.)quietandpeac

Inordertoachievethis,itisnecessarytogivepublicassistancetothepoor,tokeepthemcontented,sothattherewillbenounrestandrioting.Inthissense,socialwelfareactuallyservestheconservativegoal.Q:whydoestheauthorsay“thereisnoparadoxhere?”Inordertoachievethis,i

Theonservativesopposesocialwelfareandgovernmentsupportforthepoor.Yettheywantsocialandpoliticalstabilitywhich,accordingtotheauthor,canbeachievedbymakingthepoorcontentedthroughpublicsupport.Sopublicsupportactuallyservesthegreatergoaloftheconservatives.

TheonservativesopposesocHowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience——JohnKennethGalbraithHowtoGetthePooroffOurCoPeril:danger,hazard,危险inperilPerilous:dangerous,hazardous,危险的，冒险的Plutarch:aGreekhistorian,biographer,andessayist.Ailment:asmallillness,小病，微恙Affluence:wealth,prosper,富裕，丰富

affluentPeril:danger,hazard,危险inpPreoccupation:absorption,allattention

全神贯注，当务之急，关注的事Anintellectpreoccupation:forcenturiesthosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceoftherichandthepoor.

有思想有学问的人几百年来孜孜不倦思考探索的问题Preoccupation:absorption,allPropose:打算，计划，建议，求婚Meek:patientandmild,submissiveTheWealthofNations《国富论》：

writtenbyAdamSmith,afamousScottishmoralphilosopherandeconomist.Thebookisgenerallyrecognizedasthefoundationworkofclassicaleconomics.Inthebook,AdamSmithputforwardthetheoryofthedivisionoflabor.Propose:打算，计划，建议，求婚Approve:confirm,agree批准，赞成Disapprove:disagreeAugment:enlargeorincrease.Diminish:decreaseinsize,extent,orrange.Para:Virtueis,indeedmustbe,self-centered.:Byrightaction,wemeanitmusthelppromotepersonalinterest.Approve:confirm,agree批准，赞成Essential:completelynecessary.必要的，必不可少的。（n.）somethingthatisneededinaparticularsituationorinordertodoaparticularthing.(pl.)要素，要点，本质。Fecund:[‘fikənd],(adj.)abletoproducealotofchildren,crops,etc.fertile,prolific.肥沃的，多产的Fecundity:[fɪ'kʌnditi]

(n.)多产,富饶,繁殖力

Essential:completelynecessargrievous:veryseriousandoftencausinggreatpainorsuffering.令人悲痛的,悲伤的,极严重的;

grieve:~(for/oversb/sth)tofeelverysad,especiallybecausesbhasdied:使悲痛，使伤心

Subsistence:thestateofhavingjustenoughmoneyorfoodtostayalive:Manyfamiliesarelivingbelowthelevelofsubsistence.生存，生计grievous:veryseriousandoftAmelioration:improvementorbetterment,改善，改良Para:However,Malthuswashimselfnotwithoutacertainfeelingofresponsibility:….afullyeffectivemethodofbirthcontrol.Malthusurgedthatthemarriageceremonyshouldcontainawarningtopeoplenottohaveexcessivesexualintercourseandtoomanychildren.By“irresponsible”,Malthusmeantthatsexualintercourseshouldnotbeconductedoutoflust,Amelioration:improvementorbWithoutthinkingofconsequences.Malthushopedthatinthisway,birthcontrolcouldbeaccomplished.Buttheauthorsaidthatthewarninghadnotbeenaccepted.TheauthoragreedthatMalthusmeantwellbutironicallyimpliedthatitwasnaïvetoexpectthathumanswouldbeconvincedbytheMalthusianargument.WithoutthinkingofconseOverride,(v.)touseyourauthoritytorejectsb‘sdecision,order,etc.不顾，不理睬，否决；压倒，优先于

overriding,[onlybeforenoun]moreimportantthananythingelseinaparticularsituation:theoverridingfactor/consideration/concern◆Theiroverridingaimwastokeepcostslow.◆Timewasofoverridingimportance.最主要的Override,(v.)touseyourautExtrude,(v.)toforceorpushsth.outofsth.;tobeforcedorpushedinthisway挤出,压出,逐出美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口。而她之所以能被培植出来，就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾给掐掉了。在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝意志在起作用。Extrude,(v.)toforceorpushPara:Itdeclinedinpopularity,andreferencestoitacquiredacondemnatorytone.peoplebegantorejectSocialDarwinismbecauseitseemedtoglorifybrutalforceandopposetreasuredvaluesofsympathy,love,andfriendship.Therefore,whenitwasmentioned,itwasusuallythetargetofcriticism.Para:ItdeclinedinpopularitAmorphous:(adjective)[usuallybeforenoun](written)havingnodefiniteshape,formorstructure

虚无的，无定形的Substantialmeasureofresponsibility:在很大程度上负有责任

unemploymentinsurance:失业保险

theunemployableandthehandicapped:无法就业和残疾人

directrelief:直接救济

MedicareandMedicaid:医疗照顾和医疗补助Amorphous:(adjective)[usuallSuspend:(v.)1，tohangsthfromsthelse:Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.悬挂

2，toofficiallystopsthforatime中止

3，toofficiallypreventsbfromdoingtheirjob,goingtoschool,etc.foratime:◆Shewassuspendedfromschoolforaweek.使停职;使暂停参加活动;使休学

unrewarding:没有补偿的;无报酬的Suspend:(v.)1，tohangsthfrProcure:toobtainsth,especiallywithdifficulty获得

procurement获得Allegation:apublicstatementthatismadewithoutgivingproof,accusingsbofdoingsththatiswrongorillegal:Severalnewspapersmadeallegationsofcorruptioninthecity‘spolicedepartment.

指控，断言，主张Procure:toobtainsth,especiTheessenceofthefirstdesign:ItistotakeawaytheresponsibilitytoaidthepoorfromthegovernmentandtoputanendtothesocialwelfarepoliciessincetheNewDeal.Whatistheargumentofthefirstdesign?Theargumentrunslikethis:mostoftheassistancetothepoorhastobeundertakenbythegovernment,butthegovernmentisinessenceincompetentandineffectiveandwillmakeamessofthejob.Therefore,thegovernmentshouldnotbeaskedtoaidthepoor.TheessenceofthefirstdesigBureau:写字台,书桌衣橱;梳妆台(政府机构的)局,司,署,处Bureaucrat:官僚;官僚主义者bureaucracyReplete:filledwith,rifewith,充满的，充斥的Overwhelmingly,巨大地，压倒性地，极好地Aberration:越轨，误差，偏差，失常

amentalaberrationBureau:写字台,书桌衣橱;梳妆台(政府机构的)局,司,Morale:mentalfeelingorspirit,especiallyfeelingsofconfidenceorhope.士气，斗志，人心。Seduce:succeedintempting(alessexperiencedperson)intohavingsexualintercourse:诱奸，勾引

peusuadeorattract(aperson)intodoingorthinking.引诱，诱惑，吸引

Morale:mentalfeelingorspirInflict:1.give(ablow)orimpose:给予，强加2.cause(damage,suffering,punishment)导致（破坏，痛苦，惩罚等）Adverse；notinfavourof,goagainst,opposing.不利的，逆的，反对的Incentive:motive,stimulus.动机，鼓励，激励。Competitionisthestrongestincentivetoindustry.Feckless:无目标的，无计划的，无效的，不负责的Inflict:1.give(ablow)orimPara:beliefcanbetheservantoftruth—butevenmoreofconvenience.Beliefcanbeusefulinthesearchfortruth.Butmoreoftethannot,itisacceptedbecauseitisconvenientandself-serving.

信念可以是真理的仆人—但更多的情况下，只是一时之需。Para:beliefcanbetheservaPresume:suppose,takeforgrantedwithoutproving.假定，以为，推测Maximum,Heplayedhisgiftandtalenttothemaximum(full).Minimum:Governmentistakingmeasurestomakethedamageofeconomicdepressionbereducedtotheminimum.Enduring:lasting,permanent持久的Presume:suppose,takeforgraTransparent:(ofglass,plastic,etc.)allowingyoutoseethroughit:Theinsect‘swingsarealmosttransparent.透明的，明显的，清晰的negativeincometax

n.<美>逆所得税,最低收入补贴(美国联邦政府对低收入者或家庭的一种补助)Impoverish:tomakesbpoor:使贫穷，使赤贫Transparent:(ofglass,plasticCherish:(1)tolovesb/sthverymuchandwanttoprotectthemorit:Childrenneedtobecherished.珍爱;珍视，抚育;爱护

(2)tokeepanidea,ahopeorapleasantfeelinginyourmindforalongtime:怀有，抱有（情感，希望）◆Hecherishesthehopethatonedaytheywillmeetagain.Cherish:(1)tolovesb/sthverResort:诉诸,凭借,求助[(+to)]

Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthatheresortedtoforce.(n.)aplacewherealotofpeoplegoonholiday/vacation:度假胜地，名胜等seaside/ski/mountain