内蒙古通辽新城第一中学2021届高三下学期第二次增分训练英语试卷

…………○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………※※请※※不※※要※※在※※装※※订※※线※※内※※答※※题※※…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○……○……○…………内…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________…………○…………外…………○…………装…………○…………订…………○…………线…………○…………第=page2828页，总=sectionpages2828页第=page2727页，总=sectionpages2828页绝密·启用前内蒙古通辽新城第一中学2021届高三下学期第二次增分训练英语试卷题号一二三四五总分得分注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上评卷人得分一、阅读理解TheMetropolitanMuseumofArtWithnearlytwomillionworksofartspanningmorethan5,000years,theMetropolitanMuseumofArt(theMET)isoneoftheworld’slargestandfinestmuseums,presentingthebestofhumancreativityfromaroundtheglobe,withworld-famouscollectionsrangingfromancientEgyptiantreasurestothespectacularNewAmericanWing,plusmorethan30annualspecialexhibitions,allfreewithyouradmission.EnjoydrinksandtheRoofGarden’sspectacularskylineviews(May—October).OrexperienceFridayandSaturdayeveningsattheMET,openuntil9p.m.withlivemusicintheBalconyBar.TheMET,withitstallcolumnsandwindows,largestairwaysandwaterfountains,lookslikeitcouldbeanemperor’spalace.Thesizeanddiversityoftheartworksondisplayareevenmoreimpressive.Themuseum’scollectioncontainsworksfromeverypartoftheworld,spanningfromtheStoneAgetothetwentiethcentury.TheEgyptianArtgalleryincludesawholetemplethatwasshippedtoAmericaasagift.TheMetStoreisawonderfulplacetobuygifts;youwillfindbooksbasedonpastandpresentexhibits,puzzles,jewelryandotherreproductionsproducedbythemuseum.Upstairsthereareblanketsandpostersforhomedecoratingwithstyle.HoursSunday—Thursday:10a.m.—5:30p.m.FridayandSaturday:10a.m.—9p.m.AdmissionAdults:$25Seniors(65andover):$17Students:$12Children(under12;accompaniedbyanadult):Free1.WherecanyoupurchaseasouvenirattheMET?

A．IntheRoofGarden.

B．IntheBalconyBar.

C．IntheMetStore.

D．IntheEgyptianArtgallery.

2.Howmuchshouldayoungcouplewitha5-year-oldkidpayiftheywanttovisittheMET?

A．$25

B．$37

C．$50

D．$62

3.AtwhichtimebelowcanyouseetheamazingskylineviewsintheRoofGarden?

A．OnTuesday28May,11a.m.

B．OnFriday12November,4p.m.

C．OnSunday29October,6p.m.

D．OnSaturday21January,2a.m.AduckhasbeensavedbytheRoyalSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltytoAnimals(RSPCA)aftergettingstuckwithaplasticringarounditsneck.Itisbelievedthattheplasticringisthesamesortusedtopackagecansofbeertogether.AnimalCollectionOfficer(ACO)LaurenBradshawwasoneofthethreepeopletofindandrescuetheduckonthecanalnearSellarsSquareinManchesteronAugust23.Theyenteredthewatertoreachthebird.“Ourplanwastorounduptheduckandgethimtoabridgeasthewidthofthecanalissmallerthere,”Laurensaid,“Theduckmanagedtoescapefromusacoupleoftimesbuteventuallywemanagedtonetandcatchhim.ThenIfreedhimandgavehimanexamination.”Sheaddedthattheplasticwasfortunatelynottightaroundtheanimal’sneckanddidnotcauseanyinjuriesordifficultybreathing.However,plasticstuckaroundtheneckandthroatareaisahazardtomanyseaanimals,astheanimalsthinkitisfoodand,oncetrapped,areunabletoremoveit.Shesuggestedthatpeoplecutopenanyplasticringssothatiftheyaredeserted,theywillnotbeabletotrapanimalslikethis.Laurenalsoremindedpeoplethatducksmaystarvetodeathduetolitterbeingthrownawayratherthanbeingputinadustbin.Whenhungryducksswallowfloatingpiecesofplastic,theycancutthroughtheirorgansortrickthemintofeelingfull,causingthemtostopeating.TheRSPCAsaysithasreceivedmorethan21,600reportsofanimalsinjuredorcaughtinlitteroverthepastfiveyears.4.WhydidtheRSPCAstaffdrivetheducktoabridge?

A．Tocatchiteasily.

B．Tofreeitconveniently.

C．Toaskpassers-byforhelp.

D．Tomakeitgotothebanksoon.

5.WhatcanweinferaboutLaurenaftersheexaminedtheduck?

A．Shewasannoyedatthebird.

B．Shefeltluckynottohurtit.

C．Shewasguiltyaboutherdelay.

D．Shebreathedasighofrelief.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazard”inParagraph3refertoo?

A．Danger.

B．Criterion.

C．Shock.

D．Failure.

7.WhatdidLaurensuggestpeopledoaboutducks’safety?

A．Cutplasticringsintopieces.

B．Dealwithplasticlitterproperly.

C．Reduceplastic-basedfoodwrappers.

D．Improvetherecyclingrateforplastics.Sharingtrulyiscaring,evenamongbabies.Arecentstudyfoundthatbabieswouldnotonlyofferuptheirfoodtoahungrystrangerbutwilldosoevenwhenfacinghungerthemselves.Thestudywhichincluded10019-month-olds,wasdonebytheUniversityofWashington’sInstituteforLearning&BrainSciences(I-LABS).LeadauthoronthestudyandresearcheratI-LABS,RodolfoCortesBarragan,said,“Wethinkaltruismisimportanttostudybecauseitisoneofthemostuniqueaspectsofbeinghuman.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetriedouttherootsofthisinbabies.”Theresearchersmonitoredhowthebabiesbehavedwhendifferentfruits—suchasstrawberries,bananas,andgrapes—werepresentedinfrontofthem.Theyalsodividedthebabiesintotwogroups:the“Non-begging”groupandthe“Begging”group.Theexperimenterdroppedapieceoffruitandpretendedtobeunsuccessfulwhentryingtoreachforit,indicatingthattheywerebeggingforthelostfood.Morethanhalfofthebabiespickedupthefoodandgaveittotheresearcher!Thenresearchersbroughtinsomebabies,allofthethesameage,rightbeforetheirscheduledmealtimes.Again,researchersshowedthesamebehavior.“Thebabiesinthissecondexperimentlookedlonginglyatthefruit,andthentheygaveitaway!”saidAndrewMeltzoff,theCo-DirectorofI-LABS.“Wethinkthiscapturesakindofbaby-sizedversionofaltruistichelping.”Afterresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundthatbabiesthatcamefromfamilieswithbrothersandsistersorspecificculturalbackgroundswerealsomorelikelytohelp.“Wethinkcertainfamilyandsocialexperiencesmakeadifference,andcontinuedresearchwouldbedesirabletomorefullyunderstandwhatmaximizestheexpressionofaltruisminyoungchildren,”Barragansaid.“Ifwecandiscoverhowtopromotealtruisminourkids,thiscouldmoveustowardsamorecaringsociety.”8.Whydidtheresearchersconducttheresearch?

A．Toknowhowfoodattractsbabies.

B．Toseewhetherbabieshelpeachother.

C．Totesttheoriginsofaltruisminhumans.

D．Tofindthemotivationofbabiestohelpothers.

9.Howdidthebabiesinthesecondexperimentdifferfromthoseinthefirstone?

A．Theywereofallages.

B．Theyhadbrothersorsisters.

C．Theywerehungrywhentested.

D．Theycamefromspecialfamilies.

10.Whatmayresearchersdoinfutureresearch?

A．Discoverwhatkidsliketoshare.

B．Findwaystomotivatekids’altruism.

C．Focusonkids’aggressivebehavior.

D．Learnabouthowtocreateacaringsociety.

11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．Kids’altruisticBehaviorCounts

B．FoodSharingHelpsPromoteFriendship

C．FamilyBackgroundsAffectBabies’Habits

D．BabiesGiveFoodtoOthersEvenWhenHungryFordecades,climatescientistshavenamedhurricanesandrankedthemaccordingtoseverity.“Namingandcategorizingheatwavesisalsoamust,”statesanewlyformedinternationalunion,calledtheExtremeHeatResilienceAlliance.“Hurricanesgetattentionbecausetheycauseobviousphysicaldamage,”saysJenniferMarlon,aclimatescientistatYaleUniversity.Heatwaves,however,havelessevidenteffects,sincetheprimarydamageistohumanhealth.HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.DatafromtheNationalWeatherServiceshowthatfrom1986to2019,therewere4,257deathsasaresultofheat.Bycomparison,therewerefewerdeathsbyfloods(2,907),tornadoes(2,203)orhurricanes(1,405)overthesameperiod.What’smore,climatechangeisincreasingthepossibilityofhightemperatureeventsworldwide,gettingtensofthousandsofpeopledyingeachyearbecauseofheat.Somepopulationsareparticularlyeasilyharmedbyhighheat,includingpeopleover65andthosewithpotentialmedicalconditions.Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoplacesminoritycommunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,communitiesofcoloraremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackthegreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon'thaveacommonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetoaddresspotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.”TheunionisinongoingconversationswiththeNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,theWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandotherinstitutionstodevelopastandardnamingandrankingpractice.12.WhatdoweknowabouttheheatwaveinAmerica?

A．Itcausesmostseriousphysicaldamage.

B．Ithasgotmoreattentioninrecentyears.

C．Itkillsmorepeoplethanothernaturaldisasters.

D．Itisthebiggestkilleramongweather-relateddisasters.

13.Whyareminoritypopulationseasilyharmedbyheatwaves?

A．Theyliveinpoorly-builthouses.

B．Theylackgoodmedicalresources.

C．Theyhavelessaccesstogreenspaces.

D．Theyarerestrictedintheirmovements.

14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertmentionedinParagraph4?

A．Supportive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Conservative.

D．Tolerant.

15.Whatdoesthetextintendtotellusaboutheatwaves?

A．Theyalsokillliveslikehurricanes.

B．Theyshouldhavenameslikehurricanes.

C．Climatechangeisaffectingthemgreatly.

D．Measuresshouldbetakentopreventthem.Withsomanythingshappeningintheworldandsomuchworktodoinourdailylife,weneedeasywaystocalmandrelaxourselves.16.Maybethefollowingideascanhelpyoufeelmoresettledandsupported.Comfortingsmellscansignalourbrainstorelaxandstayinthepresentmoment.It’seasytobringacomfortingsmellintoyourhomewithalovelyplantorabunchoffreshflowers.17.Childhoodobjectscanputcomfortrightintoyourhands.Turntosimpleitemslikeablanket,asoftanimaltoy,orasouvenirfromachildhoodtrip.18.Iftheycomfortedyouinyouryoungeryears,theycancertainlydosoagain.Naturemightbethefundamentalsourceofcomfort.19.Beinginnature’spresencecanremindyouthatyourlife,liketheoceans,mountainsandforests,canremainsteadythroughalotofchanges.Stepoutsidetoseewhatnaturalscenesarewaitingforyou,orbringtheoutdoorsinwithahouseplant,evenalittlesmallone.20.It’slikecominghometoafamiliar,comfortingwelcomeafteralongjourney.MycomfortbookisactuallymycollectionofCathycomics.Idiscoveredtheseduringmyteenyears,andtheyneverfailtomakemesmileandbringbacksomanyhappymemories.

A．Itispermanentyetever-changing.

B．Thesemightbehiddensomewhereinyourroom.

C．Itcanremindyouwhatyoualreadyknoworlearn.

D．Youcanalsojustopenthewindowtoletfreshairin.

E．Theyarenotcomfortingwhenyouareunderstressordiscouraged.

F．Sometimescomfortcanbefoundwherewedon’talwaysthinktolook.

G．Cozyinguptobooksyou’vereadagainandagainisagreatcomforttoyou.评卷人得分二、完形填空21.Weddingsareaperfecttimetosurroundyourselfwiththepeopleyoulove.CintiaBonfantePereiraisaspeechtherapist(治疗师)inCaxiasdoSul,Brazil,and________workswithchildrenwhohavespeechdelaysbecauseofDownsyndrome.She________herstudents,soonthedayshemarriedJoseVotorFlach,hefounda________waytoincludetheminthe________,butwithouttellingher!JoseledCintiaintothechurchearlierthatday________.Thenthebackdoorssuddenlyopened.AsJosesmiledandwaved,agroupofhisbride’s________beganwalkingtothem.ThelookonCintia’sfacewasabsolutelypricelessasshe________whatwasgoingon.Sheweptaseachchildappearedto________her.Youcouldseethe________Cintiahadforherstudentsasshegentlytouchedtheirfacesand________thespecialmomentwitheachofthem.Thebridesaidthebig________wasoneofthebestpartsofherweddingday!“Ilovethe________somuchtoworkwithkidsandhavingtheopportunityto________thechildrenonthisdayissoamazing,”she________.Shehasbeenworkingwiththesechildrenforalongtimetohelpthemimprovetheir________skills.Shehasbeen________eachandeveryoneofthem!She’sagreatadvocateforpeoplewithDownsyndrome.________,theweddingphotographershe________forherbigdayisJoaoVicente,who________hasDowns!Joseofficiallywonthe“greatestweddingsurprise”awardforthis________moment!WhatabeautifulwaytobringalltheimportantpeopleinCintia’slifetogether.(1)

A．frequently

B．temporarily

C．casually

D．bravely

(2)

A．adores

B．needs

C．studies

D．understands

(3)

A．traditional

B．curious

C．beautiful

D．strange

(4)

A．report

B．ceremony

C．speech

D．statement

(5)

A．underorder

B．byluck

C．invain

D．onpurpose

(6)

A．students

B．friends

C．colleagues

D．classmates

(7)

A．predicted

B．realized

C．informed

D．reminded

(8)

A．convince

B．delight

C．hug

D．surround

(9)

A．attitude

B．love

C．courage

D．change

(10)

A．created

B．recorded

C．chose

D．shared

(11)

A．secret

B．surprise

C．lesson

D．promise

(12)

A．independence

B．interest

C．habit

D．profession

(13)

A．accept

B．notice

C．have

D．cure

(14)

A．explained

B．argued

C．repeated

D．responded

(15)

A．walking

B．driving

C．language

D．business

(16)

A．caringabout

B．calmingdown

C．givingplaceto

D．puttingupwith

(17)

A．Eventually

B．Naturally

C．Normally

D．Actually

(18)

A．interviewed

B．hired

C．honored

D．challenged

(19)

A．even

B．just

C．also

D．still

(20)

A．personal

B．convenient

C．extra

D．thoughtful评卷人得分三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。AsofJune,Chinahadabout285millionInternetuserslivinginruralareas,22.(account)forover30percentofthecountry’stotal,accordingtoarecentreportonChina’sInternetdevelopment.ThenumberofruralInternetusersinChina23.(grow)byover30millioninthelastfewmonths.ThereportsaidtheInternetisplayinga24.(great)rolethaneverinthecountry’spoverty(贫困)reductionefforts,withthepublic’sparticipationinandrecognitionofrelevantcampaignsontherise.ItsaidasofJune,onlinepromotionsof25.(agriculture)productsfromremoteareashadreachedmorethanhalfoftheChineseInternetusers,26.thatmorethanonethirdofnetizenshadboughtsuchproductsviaonlineplatforms.Meanwhile,thereportshowsthate-commercelivestreaming(直播)grew27.(increasing)activeinthefirsthalfoftheyear.AsofJune,thenumberofe-commercelivestreamingusersinChinahadhit309million,up16.7percentfromMarch.Chinasawover10millionlivestreamingmarketingactivitiesinthefirsthalfofthisyear,attractingover50billion28.(view),thereportnoted.ThereportsaidtheInternetcancontributesignificantly29.China’santi-povertygoalbyprovidingjobs,socialsecurityandmedicalserviceinformationfor30.poorandallowingchildreninpoverty-strickenareas31.(access)bettereducation.评卷人得分四、改错32.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Lastsummer,myfriendandmevisitedBeijing’sHutongs,whichmadeushavethedeepunderstandingofBeijing.TheHutongsmainlybuiltduringtheMingandQingdynasties.NobodyknowexactlyhowmanyHutongsthereareinBeijing.IfweconnectedallHutongstogether,andthetotallengthwouldevenbelongthantheGreatWall.Asisknown,theGreatWallisabout4,000milelong.SomeHutongsaresuchnarrowthatapersonlikeme,inordertogetthrough,hastowalksideways.AndsomeHutongshavemorethan20turns.Withourdelight,somearewellpreserved,wherewecanexperiencetypicallylifeofoldBeijinglocals.评卷人得分五、书面表达33.假设你是红星中学高三1班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请以“ActionsforaGreenerEarth”为题，根据下面的写作要求，给校刊英语角写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。

1.张贴海报。

2.利用旧物变废为宝。

3.把制作好的物品赠送给社区居民。

4.和同学交流经验。

注意：1.词数100左右。2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：地球日EarthDay。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案1.C

2.C

3.A

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。文章是一则大都会艺术博物馆的公告，介绍了博物馆的历史、特色活动、营业时间以及门票等信息。

(1)

细节理解题。根据第三段“TheMetStoreisawonderfulplacetobuygifts;youwillfindbooksbasedonpastandpresentexhibits,puzzles,jewelryandotherreproductionsproducedbythemuseum.Upstairsthereareblanketsandpostersforhomedecoratingwithstyle.(TheMetStore是买礼物的好地方；你会发现根据博物馆过去和现在的展览、拼图、珠宝和其他复制品制作的书籍。楼上有用于家庭装饰的毯子和海报)”可知，在大都会博物馆的MetStore可以买到纪念品。故选C。

(2)

细节理解题。根据Admission部分中“Adults:$25；Children(under12;accompaniedbyanadult):Free(成人25美元；12岁以下儿童：免费)”可知，一对带着5岁孩子的年轻夫妇如果想参观大都会博物馆，需要付25+25=50美元。故选C。

(3)

细节理解题。根据第一段中“EnjoydrinksandtheRoofGarden’sspectacularskylineviews(May—October).(五月到十月享受饮料和屋顶花园壮观的天际线景色)”以及Hours部分中“Sunday—Thursday:10a.m.—5:30p.m.；FridayandSaturday:10a.m.—9p.m.(营业时间：星期日到星期四：上午10时到下午5时30分；星期五及星期六：上午10时至晚上9时)”可知，在5月28日，星期二上午11点你可以看到屋顶花园令人惊叹的天际线景观。故选A。4.A

5.D

6.A

7.B

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。一只鸭子的脖子上被一个塑料环卡住了，英国皇家防止虐待动物协会拯救了它。文章介绍了英国皇家防止虐待动物协会的工作人员Lauren是如何解救这只鸭子的，以及Lauren提出该如何处理塑料垃圾以保护动物免受伤害。

(1)

细节理解题。根据第二段中““Ourplanwastorounduptheduckandgethimtoabridgeasthewidthofthecanalissmallerthere,”Laurensaid,“Theduckmanagedtoescapefromusacoupleoftimesbuteventuallywemanagedtonetandcatchhim.ThenIfreedhimandgavehimanexamination.”(Lauren：“我们的计划是围捕这只鸭子，把它撵到一座桥上，因为那里的运河比较窄，这只鸭子几次设法从我们手中逃脱，但最终我们设法捉住了它。然后我放了他，给他做了检查。”)”可知，皇家防止虐待动物协会的工作人员要把鸭子送到一座桥上是为了容易抓住它。故选A。

(2)

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Sheaddedthattheplasticwasfortunatelynottightaroundtheanimal’sneckanddidnotcauseanyinjuriesordifficultybreathing.(她补充说，幸运的是，塑料没有紧紧地缠在动物的脖子上，也没有造成任何伤害或呼吸困难)”可推知，Lauren检查了鸭子之后，她如释重负地松了口气。故选D。

(3)

词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“plasticstuckaroundtheneckandthroatareaisa”以及后文“astheanimalsthinkitisfoodand,oncetrapped,areunabletoremoveit”可知，卡在脖子和喉咙区域的塑料对许多海洋动物来说是一种危险，因为动物认为这些塑料是食物，一旦被困，就无法将其清除。故画线词意思是“危险”。A.Danger.危险；B.Criterion.标准；C.Shock.震惊；D.Failure.失败。故选A。

(4)

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Shesuggestedthatpeoplecutopenanyplasticringssothatiftheyaredeserted,theywillnotbeabletotrapanimalslikethis.(她建议人们切开任何塑料环，这样如果它们被遗弃，他们就不能像这样困住动物了)”可知，Lauren建议人们正确处理塑料垃圾保护鸭子的安全。故选B。8.C

9.C

10.B

11.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究发现，婴儿不仅会把食物提供给饥饿的陌生人，甚至在自己饥饿时也会这样做。文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究为未来找到激发孩子利他主义的方法带来的意义。

(1)

细节理解题。根据第二段“LeadauthoronthestudyandresearcheratI-LABS,RodolfoCortesBarragan,said,“Wethinkaltruismisimportanttostudybecauseitisoneofthemostuniqueaspectsofbeinghuman.Weadultshelpeachotherwhenweseeanotherinneedandwedothisevenifthereisacosttotheself.Sowetriedouttherootsofthisinbabies.”(该研究的第一作者、I-LABS的研究员RodolfoCortesBarragan说：“我们认为研究利他主义很重要，因为它是人类最独特的方面之一。当我们成年人看到别人需要帮助的时候，我们会互相帮助，即使这样做会让自我付出代价。所以我们在婴儿身上试验了这种现象的根源。”)”可知，研究人员进行这项研究是为了测试人类利他主义的起源。故选C。

(2)

细节理解题。根据第四段中“Thenresearchersbroughtinsomebabies,allofthethesameage,rightbeforetheirscheduledmealtimes.Again,researchersshowedthesamebehavior.“Thebabiesinthissecondexperimentlookedlonginglyatthefruit,andthentheygaveitaway!”saidAndrewMeltzoff,theCo-DirectorofI-LABS.(然后，研究人员在他们预定的用餐时间之前，带来了一些年龄相同的婴儿。研究人员再次表现出同样的行为。“在第二个实验中，婴儿们渴望地看着这个水果，然后他们把它送给了别人!”I-LABS联合主任AndrewMeltzoff说)”可知，第二个实验中的婴儿与第一个实验中的婴儿的不同在于做测试时，第二个实验中的婴儿处于饥饿状态。故选C。

(3)

细节理解题。根据最后一段中““Wethinkcertainfamilyandsocialexperiencesmakeadifference,andcontinuedresearchwouldbedesirabletomorefullyunderstandwhatmaximizestheexpressionofaltruisminyoungchildren,”Barragansaid.“Ifwecandiscoverhowtopromotealtruisminourkids,thiscouldmoveustowardsamorecaringsociety.”(Barragan说：“我们认为特定的家庭和社会经历会产生影响，我们希望继续进行研究，以更充分地了解是什么使幼儿的利他主义表现最大化。如果我们能发现如何促进孩子们的利他主义，这将推动我们走向一个更有爱心的社会。”)”可知，研究人员在未来的研究中可能找到激发孩子利他主义的方法。故选B。

(4)

主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Sharingtrulyiscaring,evenamongbabies.Arecentstudyfoundthatbabieswouldnotonlyofferuptheirfoodtoahungrystrangerbutwilldosoevenwhenfacinghungerthemselves.(分享就是关爱，即使是在婴儿之间。最近的一项研究发现，婴儿不仅会把食物提供给饥饿的陌生人，甚至在自己饥饿时也会这样做)”结合文章主要介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究为未来找到激发孩子利他主义的方法带来的意义。可知，D选项“婴儿即使饿了也会给别人食物”最符合文章标题。故选D。12.D

13.C

14.A

15.B

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有关组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名。文章介绍了高温所带来的危害和对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。

(1)

细节理解题。根据第二段中“HeatwaveskillmorepeopleintheUnitedStatesthananyotherweather-relateddisaster.(在美国，高温造成的死亡人数比其他任何与天气有关的灾难都要多)”可知，美国的高温是与天气有关的灾害中最大的杀手。故选D。

(2)

细节理解题。根据第三段中“Historicalracialdiscriminationalsoplacesminoritycommunitiesathigherrisk.Duetohousingpolicies,communitiesofcoloraremorelikelytoliveinurbanareas,heatislandswhichlackthegreenspacesthathelpcooldownneighborhoods.(历史上的种族歧视也使少数族裔社区面临更高的风险。由于住房政策，有色人种社区更有可能居住在城市地区，热岛地区缺乏绿色空间，帮助社区降温)”可知，少数民族容易受到高温的伤害因为他们很少接触绿色空间。故选C。

(3)

推理判断题。根据第四段“Partofthenamingandrankingprocesswillincludedefiningexactlywhataheatwaveis.Nosingledefinitioncurrentlyexists.Withoutauniversallyaccepteddefinitionofaheatwave,“Wedon'thaveacommonunderstandingofthedangerweface,”saysAaronBernstein,anexpertofthenewgroup.“Definedcategoriesforheatwavescouldhelplocalofficialsbetterpreparetoaddresspotentialhealthproblemsinthefaceofrisingtemperatures.Andnamingandcategorizingheatwavescouldincreasepublicawarenessofthehealthriskscausedbythesesilentkillers.”(命名和排名过程的一部分将包括准确定义什么是高温。目前还没有单一的定义。如果对热浪没有一个被普遍接受的定义，新小组的专家AaronBernstein说：“我们对所面临的危险没有一个共同的认识，高温的定义类别可以帮助地方官员在气温上升时更好地准备应对潜在的健康问题。对高温进行命名和分类可以提高公众对这些无声杀手造成的健康风险的意识。”)”可知，作者认为高温应该进行命名和排名，所以对第四段中提到的专家的态度是支持的。故选A。

(4)

推理判断题。根据第一段“Fordecades,climatescientistshavenamedhurricanesandrankedthemaccordingtoseverity.“Namingandcategorizingheatwavesisalsoamust,”statesanewlyformedinternationalunion,calledtheExtremeHeatResilienceAlliance.“Hurricanesgetattentionbecausetheycauseobviousphysicaldamage,”saysJenniferMarlon,aclimatescientistatYaleUniversity.Heatwaves,however,havelessevidenteffects,sincetheprimarydamageistohumanhealth.(几十年来，气候科学家一直在为飓风命名，并根据严重程度对它们进行排序。一个新成立的国际联盟——极端高温恢复联盟表示：“对高温进行命名和分类也是必须的”，耶鲁大学的气候科学家JenniferMarlon说：“飓风引起人们的注意是因为它们造成了明显的物理破坏”。然而，高温的影响并不明显，因为主要的损害是对人体健康的损害)”结合文章主要说明了有组织和科学家表示，高温应该像飓风一样进行命名。文章介绍了高温所带来的危害和对高温进行命名和分类会带来的好处。可知，这篇文章想告诉我们高温应该有像飓风一样的名字。故选B。16.F

17.D

18.B

19.A

20.G

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了了如何在变化而忙碌的生活中寻求让自我感觉舒适的方法。

(1)

上文“Withsomanythingshappeningintheworldandsomuchworktodoinourdailylife,weneedeasywaystocalmandrelaxourselves.”（世界发生着如此多的事情，在我们的日常生活中有如此多的工作要做，我们需要简单的方法来平静和放松自己）可知，外部环境和忙碌的生活不可避免带来压力，我们需要方法去调节自己；根据第二段“Comfortingsmells”（令人舒适的气味）、第三段“Childhoodobjectscanputcomfortrightintoyourhands.”（童年时代的物品可以让你感到舒适）、第四段“Naturemightbethefundamentalsourceofcomfort.”（大自然可能是舒适的根本源泉）及第五段“It’slikecominghometoafamiliar,comfortingwelcomeafteralongjourney.”（这就像在长途旅行后回到一个熟悉的，令人舒适的欢迎）可知，文章主要在讲述是我们感觉舒适的方法和东西，而这些都是平常生活中很常见的却容易被忽略的，所以F选项“有时，我们会在不经意的地方找到安慰”承接了上文我们需要放松自我，又引起了下文寻找舒适的方法，符合语境。故选F项。

(2)

分析文章结构可知，每段开头是本段的主旨句；根据本段句首“Comfortingsmellscansignalourbrainstorelaxandstayinthepresentmoment.”（舒适的气味可以向我们的大脑发出放松和停留在当下的信号）可知，本段主要说明的是令人舒适的气味可以让我们放松；所以D选项“你也可以打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来”中的freshair属于comfortingsmells的一种，且also承接了上文，继续说明怎么创造令人舒适的气味，所以D选项符合语境。故选D项。

(3)

上文“Childhoodobjectscanputcomfortrightintoyourhands.Turntosimpleitemslikeablanket,asoftanimaltoy,orasouvenirfromachildhoodtrip.”（童年时代的物品可以让你感到舒适。可以求助于一些简单的东西，比如毯子，毛绒动物玩具，或者童年旅行的纪念品）可知，童年的物品可以给我们带来舒适的感觉；B选项“这些可能藏在你房间的某个地方”中的these对应前文的ablanket,asoftanimaltoy,orasouvenir，且与后文的they对应，所以B选项符合语境。故选B项。

(4)

后文“Beinginnature’spresencecanremindyouthatyourlife,liketheoceans,mountainsandforests,canremainsteadythroughalotofchanges.”（身处大自然可以提醒你，你的生命，就像海洋、山脉和森林，可以在很多变化中保持稳定）可知，大自然可以告诉我们即使身处不断变化的世界，我们的生命也可以保持相对的稳定；A选项“它是永恒的，但也是不断变化的”中的it对应前文的nature，且permanent对应后文的steady，ever-changing对应后文的alotofchanges，所以A选项符合语境。故选A项。

(5)

分析文章段落结构可知，每段都是总分结构；设空处位于段首，可推断是本段的主旨句；后文“It’slikecominghometoafamiliar,comfortingwelcomeafteralongjourney.MycomfortbookisactuallymycollectionofCathycomics.”（这就像在长途旅行后回到家之后的一个熟悉的、令人舒适的欢迎。我的安慰书实际上是我收集的凯西漫画。）可知，书也可以给我们带来舒适的感觉，可推断本段说明的是书的作用；G选项“阅读那些你读过一遍又一遍的书对你来说是一种极大的安慰”中的book对应后文的it，且符合本段主旨。故选G项。21.(1)A

(2)A

(3)C

(4)B

(5)D

(6)A

(7)B

(8)C

(9)B

(10)D

(11)B

(12)D

(13)C

(14)A

(15)C

(16)A

(17)D

(18)B

(19)C

(20)D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了CintiaBonfantePereira是巴西西南卡夏斯的一名语言治疗师，她经常帮助那些因为唐氏综合症而出现语言迟缓的儿童，她的丈夫JoseVotorFlach在婚礼这天请来了Cintia的学生参加婚礼，这让Cintia非常感动。

(1)

考查副词词义辨析。句意：CintiaBonfantePereira是巴西西南卡夏斯的一名语言治疗师，她经常帮助那些因为唐氏综合症而出现语言迟缓的儿童。A.frequently经常，频繁地；B.temporarily暂时地；C.casually随意地；D.bravely勇敢地。上文“CintiaBonfantePereiraisaspeechtherapistinCaxiasdoSul”提到CintiaBonfantePereira是巴西西南卡夏斯的一名语言治疗师，所以她的工作是经常帮助那些因为唐氏综合症而出现语言迟缓的儿童。故选A。

(2)

考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很喜欢她的学生，所以在她和JoseVotorFlach结婚的那天，Jose找到了一个美丽的方式让他们参加婚礼，但没有告诉她！A.adores喜欢，崇拜；B.needs需要；C.studies学习；D.understands理解。根据后文“thechildrenonthisdayissoamazing”提到她喜欢孩子们参加她的婚礼，可知她很喜欢她的学生。故选A。

(3)

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很喜欢她的学生，所以在她和JoseVotorFlach结婚的那天，Jose找到了一个美丽的方式让他们参加婚礼，但没有告诉她！A.traditional传统的；B.curious好奇的；C.beautiful美丽的；D.strange奇怪的。呼应后文中“Whatabeautifulway”指Jose找到了一个美丽的方式让学生们参加婚礼。故选C。

(4)

考查名词词义辨析。句意：她很喜欢她的学生，所以在她和JoseVotorFlach结婚的那天，他找到了一个美丽的方式让他们参加婚礼，但没有告诉她！A.report报告；B.ceremony仪式；C.speech演讲；D.statement陈述。结合上文“onthedayshemarriedJoseVotorFlach”可知此处指让学生参加结婚仪式。故选B。

(5)

考查固定短语辨析。句意：当天早些时候，Jose故意把Cintia带进教堂。A.un