2019考研英语二真题及答案

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit2.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto11myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15anddroppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1. A.Besides B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However2. A.helps B.cares C.warns D.reduces3. A.initially B.solely C.occasionally D.formally4. A.recording B.lowering C.explaining D.accepting5. A.modify B.set C.review D.reach6. A.definition B.depiction C.distribution D.prediction7. A.dueto B.regardlessof C.asidefrom D.alongwith8. A.orderly B.rigid C.precise D.immediate9. A.claims B.judgments C.reasons D.methods10. A.instead B.though C.again D.indeed11. A.report B.track C.overlook D.conceal12. A.dependon B.approveof C.holdonto D.accountfor13. A.prepare B.share C.adjust D.confirm14. A.results B.features C.rules D.tests15. A.bored B.anxious C.hungry D.sick16. A.principle B.secret C.belief D.sign17. A.request B.necessity C.decision D.wish18. A.disappointing B.surprising C.restricting D.consuming19. A.if B.because C.unless D.until20. A.obsessing B.dominating C.puzzling D.triumphingSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends–andtheirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeplyuncomfortable–it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwithstones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalorarethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,”saysAmrishaVaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary–feelingsthatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiverassessmentsandthechildren’sself-observations,sheratedeachchild’soverallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharmandwefeelregret.”

21. Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp______.A. fosterachild’smoraldevelopmentB. regulateachild’sbasicemotionsC. improveachild’sintellectualabilityD. intensifyachild’spositivefeelings22. AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.A. inexcusableB. deceptiveC. addictiveD. burdensome23. A. emotionsarecontext-independentB. anemotioncanplayopposingrolesC. emotionsaresociallyconstructiveD. emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth24. Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing______.A. maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveactsB. mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficienciesC. canbringaboutemotionalsatisfactionD. canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt25. Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto______.A. teachingsB. wrongdoingsC. discussionsD. restrictions

Text2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap–butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate’sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030–financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’semissions-permitauctions.That’sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey’vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California’splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.

26. Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat______.A. globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrolB. forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreatC. peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarmingD. extremeweatherconditionsmayarise27. Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto______.A. preservethediversityofspeciesinthemB. lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacityC. acceleratethegrowthofyoungtreesD. strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants28. California’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto______.A. restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfiresB. cultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesC. findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD. reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests29. WhatisessentialtoCalifornia’splanaccordingtoParagraph5?A. Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.B. Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2020.C. Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.D. Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.A. supportiveB. ambiguousC. tolerantD. cautious

Text3Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarmworkers.CongresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisaforagriculturalworkersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchangejobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn’tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,andconsumerswillbethelosers.PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuchworkersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforcearechanging.Today’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremorelikelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.They’realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswereovertheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolderbodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit’sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon’tbereturningtothefarm.Mechanizationisn’ttheanswer,either–notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,whererobotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey’reautomated.Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkersusingtheH-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2012,requestsforthevisasrosesharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethandoubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagriculturalwork,whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren’tgivenalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveonthejob22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandalmost80percentofraisinandberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.SomewesternfarmershaverespondedbymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998to2000,14.5percentofthefruitAmericansconsumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportswas25.8percent.Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31. Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?A. DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.B. DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.C. BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.D. FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.32. OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis______.A. theagingofimmigrantfarmworkersB. therisingnumberofillegalimmigrantsC. thehighmobilityofcropworkersD. thelackofexperiencedlaborers33. Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.farming?A. Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.B. Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.C. TogetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.D. Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.34. AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits______.A. controlofannualadmissionsB. slowgrantingproceduresC. limitondurationofstayD. tightenedrequirements35. Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A. Manpowervs.Automation?B. U.S.AgricultureinDecline?C. ImportFoodorLabor?D. AmericaSavedbyMexico?

Text4ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It’seasytobeatplastic.They’repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideoforWorldEnvironmentDay–encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-useplasticstaplestocombattheplasticscrisis.ThethathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoincludeacallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Buttheoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsenseofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreorquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.Theycouldevenbeharmful,satisfyinganeedtohave“doneourbit”withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions–akindof“morallicensing”thateasesourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoseincharge.Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowarditremainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we’reignoringthebalanceofpowerthatimpliesthatas“consumers”wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.It’simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn’teveryone’spriority–orevenmostpeople’s.Weshouldn’texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,WhyGoodPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,ElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacosttoenvironmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.Indiahasjustannounceditwill“eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.”Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.DeSombreisn’tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It’sjustthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It’sjustaboutputtingthingsintoperspective.Wedon’thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshapecollectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.36. Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto______.A. disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisisB. demandnewlawsontheuseofplasticsC. urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplasticsD. invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis37. Theauthorisconcernedthat“morallicensing”may______.A. suppressourdesireforsuccessB. misleadusintodoingworthlessthingsC. preventusfrommakingfurthereffortsD. weakenoursenseofaccomplishment38. Bypointingoutouridentityas“citizens,”theauthorindicatesthat______.A. weshouldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombatB. wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrightsC. ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimprovingD. ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare39. DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe______.A. atop-downprocessB. awin-winarrangementC. aself-drivenmechanismD. acost-effectiveapproach40. Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts______.A. canbetooaggressiveB. canbetooinconsistentC. arefarfromrationalD. arefarfromsufficient

PartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Howseriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhensearchingforahome?Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidshaveasingledemand:abackyard.McClain’slittleonesaren’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomestohousing,andinmanycasesyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparents’realestatedecisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsaboutthefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids’opinionsmayhave.Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcanhelpthemfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.“Childrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,”hesaid.GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerwithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome–buttheiropinionsshouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,ifpossible.Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome–withoutactuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybasedinNewYork.Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhomewillmakethemfeellikethey’rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Baileysaid.Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’taconsiderationforchildren,saidTraceyHampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,butIwouldn’tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions,”Hampsonsaid.Theotherissueisthatmanychildren–especiallyolderones–maybasetheirrealestateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,Calif.“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It’snotshelter,it’salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.”Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothempersonally,Norrissaid.Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychangeovertime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwithFitSmallB.“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmaybetosay,thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild’sopinions,butrathermadeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest–andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswanttoembracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.A.remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengestochildren.41.RyanHooperB.saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutrealestatedecisions.42.AdamBaileyC.advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbebasedonlyonchildren’sopinions.43.TraceyHampsonD.thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvementinhomebuyingdecis