高中英语七选五做题技巧(教师版)

技法1|依据“行文逻辑”线索文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、解释、例证、并列、层递、转折、对比、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。L总分关系Frommyexperience,therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon'tcookmoreoften:ability,money,andtime.16MoneyisatopicI'llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule：B.Abilityiseasilyimproved.［思路分析］空格前面提到了三个原因：ability,money,timeo空格后面提到了money是作者改天再讨论的话题，紧接着后面提到了怎样充分利用time,所以这里应该与第一项ability有关。2.解释关系Oneimportantbiologicalfactorthathelpswomenlivelongeristhedifferenceinhormonesbetweenmenandwomen.37Betweentheagesofabout12and50,womenproducehormonesthatareinvolvedinfertility（生育能力）.Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheartattacks.G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolvariousbodyfunctions.［思路分析］空格前首次提到了荷尔蒙，空格后介绍的是荷尔蒙的功能，由此可推测该空应该是对hormones进行解释。.例证关系Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.72Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?C.Withoutwanderingminds,wewouldn'thaverelativity,CokeorPost-itnotes.［思路分析］选项中的relativity,CokeorPost-itnotes与前句的thegreatestideasandachievements和后句的suchideasandinventions为对应关系，而且是具体的实例，应属于例证关系。.并列关系Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.Othersareconcernedaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers（月E料）.18However,thereareanumberofotherreasonsthatmightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.Oneofthemcomesfromourearliestyears.E.Stillothersmaysimplyenjoybeingoutdoorsandclosetoplants［思路分析］由本段中的Somepeoplemaythink…和Othersareconcernedabout…可知此处表达的是人们种植花园的不同原因，而E项中的Stillothersmaysimplyenjoy与上文衔接自然，属于并列关系。Daydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant,especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat'shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.71Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.B・Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.［思路分析］空格前的一句和空格后的一句都是空想家的外在表现，主句都是they,故推断空格中的主语很有可能也是they,再根据句意可判定选B,三句话为并列关系。5・层递关系Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady,gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.16.Beforeyoubeginyou】training,buythebest-fitting,best-builtrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet,soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright,walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.17・Asalways,youshouldstretch（伸展）atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.E.Iftheystillfeelgood,youcanbeginrunninginthem［思路分析］根据空格后的句中的beforeeachrun可判定空格内的句子和run有关系，空格前的句子说的是“当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时，穿着走动几天，再次检查其舒适度”，然后进一步说“如果感觉舒服的话，可以开始跑步”，属于层递关系。.转折关系Bothmenandwomenarelivinglongerthesedaysinindustrializedcountries.36Ingeneral,theycanexpecttolivesixorsevenyearsmorethanmen.Onereasonforthisisbiological.A.However,women,onaverage,livelonger.［思路分析］空格前说“如今在工业化国家男人和女人寿命都更长”，而空格后说“大致来说，她们比男人能多活六七年。根据逻辑推断，空格处应该选A项“但平均而言，女人寿命更长”与前文形成转折关系。.对比关系Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhafsimportant.19—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.20.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.C.It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters［思路分析］空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的来进行对比，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的.因果关系.Whenbuyingfish,youshouldErsCsmellit.Freshfishshouldsmellsweet:youshouldfeelthatyou'restandingattheocean'sedge.Anyfishyorstrongsmellmeansthefishisn'tfresh.39Whenyouhaveboughtafishandarrivehome,you*dbetterstorethefishintherefrigeratorifyoudon'tcookitimmediately,butfreshfishshouldbestoredinyourfridgeforonlyadayortwo.Frozenfishisn'tastastyasthefreshone.A.Donotbuyit.［思路分析］空格前说“任何鱼腥味或浓烈的臭味都说明这鱼不新鲜”，因此，空格内的句子“这样的鱼不能买''与前句形成因果关系。Unfortunately,we'veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe'vebeenstolenfrom,liedto,misled,orcheatedon,therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan'ttrustanymore.37It'sunderstandable,butifyou'rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain,wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.They'vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan*tbeartoletithappenagain.［思路分析］E项“他们曾经受过严重伤害，不能容忍这种事情再次发生”是上句Sometimespeoplesimplycan*ttrustanymore.(有时候人们就是不能再信任别人。)的原因。技法2|依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索L连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。例如：(1)承接关系：so,therefore,thus,consequently等；(2)平歹U关系：first,second；firstly,secondly；first,next,then；inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace；foronething,foranother等；(3)转折关系：however,though,yet,inspiteof,inanycase,whoever,whatever,onthecontrary,otherwise等；(4)对比关系：incontrast,incomparison,ontheotherhand等；(5)层递关系：also,furthermore,similarly,inaddition,what'smore等。［考题回放1］Sometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandthereward,theriskseemsworthtaking.71Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.Why?Expertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.However,wearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.［思路分析］空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的“，由weightheriskandthereward可锁定F项中的weighrisksandrewards,F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。［考题回放2］First,understandthatsomeopportunities(机会)fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.73Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou'redaydreaming,trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask-preferablysomethingsimple,liketakingashowerorwalking,orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.［思路分析］选项中的alsohelps与空格前句中的willhelp相对应，且两句话主语形式统一，都说的是进入空想的条件，为层递关系。.词汇复现复现是指作者在文章上下文的不同位置对同一概念进行重复描述。复现主要有同义词复现、近义词复现和反义词复现等。Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluate“scientific“statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery(江湖骗术).B・Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.［思路分析I选项中的ad与上句中的advertisement相对应，前句说“对广告中所包含的信息一定要特别当心”，后句介绍应注意江湖骗术，B项”广告的目的是卖出商品”符合该段语境。.属相同范畴的词汇Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72D.Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.［思路分析］根据该段作为主题句的第一句Gototheoriginalsource.（去探寻最初的来源。）可知，这一段都是围绕这个话题展开的，D项中的theoriginalresearch与主题句相照应，与originalsource属于相同范畴的词汇。.属上下位包含关系的词汇39Scientistsarestillnotexactlysurehowgenesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.Somethinkthatawoman'sbodycellshaveatendency（倾向）toagemoreslowlythanaman's.Othersthinkthataman'sbodycellshaveatendencytoagemorequickly.40.Recentresearchseemstesupportbothofthesepossibilities.C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes.［思路分析］由空格后的genes可锁定C项中的femalegenes,代入后，符合语境，可作为本段的主题句。.冠词和代词［考题回放1］38Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsofinfections.Thismeansthatwomengenerallygetsicklessoftenandlessseriouslythanmen.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen.D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway.［思路分析］本段说的是女性的身体优势。空格后的They是解题关键，综观各选项，只有D项的主语Thefemalehormones可以是they所指内容。做本题时应关注代词they和选项中定冠词the表达的含义。［考题回放2］Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36Trustisarisk.Butyoucan'tbesuccessfulwhenthere'salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.［思路分析］第一句Trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.（信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为。）是对trust的解释。选项B中的it指代上文出现的trust,并且继续解释trust的含义：puttingconfidenceinsomeone（对某人寄托信任），选项B与第一句为顺承关系。6.特殊疑问词Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon*tyetexist?［思路分析］根据第一句Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.（未来的工作尚未发明出来）并且结合空格后面的Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwell（通过帮助他们发展可以为他们很好服务的经典技能）可知，空格处应该是个问句，D项“那么我们该如何帮助孩子们为尚不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境。技法3|依据全文或段落的“主题”线索文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段,就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。.概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”38Theyentertainusinoursparemoments.Goodnovels,booksonpoetryandshortstories,giveusgreatenjoyment.Attimeswebecomesoabsorbedinourbooksthatweforgetevenourimportantarrangements.Lonelinessisnotroubleforareader.C.Whenwearealone,booksareourbestfriends.［思路分析］空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”。空格后面的三句话为论据，最后一句为结论，意为“对一位读者来说没有孤独感”，因此C项“当我们独自一人时，书是我们最好的朋友。”符合题意。.根据“论据”推导出“论点”38Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell-being.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.［思路分析］空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项意为“学会真的相信你自己:.根据“相似度”原则确定主题文章中出现的主题句与七个选项中的某个选项在词汇和句式结构上会有一定的相似度，据此可快速找出正确选项。Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenFmalreadyhungryandthere'snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook?Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready?17.Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal,makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread?18.Makethreeoifourinstead.lttakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.19Thismaysurpriseyou,butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.ltgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry,themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.A.Trynewthings.［思路分析］此空需要填一个主题句，它需要概括全段的内容，根据前面的两项内容可判定应为祈使句。结合空格后面的信息词surprise,experimentation,newideas等可知与A项“尝试新东西”信息一致。根据文中反复出现的“关键词”确定主题Ourmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma*srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhafsimportant.ourexperienceofthegardenthatmatters-howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.20,Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.G.Foreachofthosegardens,writedownthestrongestmemoryyouhave［思路分析］由garden的反复出现可判定花园与主题有关。空格前说“花一些时间回忆你小时候的花园”，空格后说“然后走出去，制订计划，把你孩提时代的记忆变成你成年后的花园:根据此语境可知答案为G项“为每一个那样的花园写下你最深刻的回忆A（2016•太原市模拟）HowtogetalongwithyourbossInyourcareer,youmayhavetoreporttoamanager,thepersonyoucallboss.1Herearesometipstohelpyoudevelopaneffectiverelationshipwithyourboss.Thefirststepistodevelopapositiverelationshipwithyourboss.Relationshipsarebasedontrust.2Keeptimetablecommitments（承诺）.Neverblindsideyourmanagerwithsurprisesthatyoucouldhavepredictedorprevented.Keephim/herinformedaboutyourprojectsandinteractionswiththerestoftheorganization.Tellthebosswhenyou'vemadeanerrororoneofyourreportingstaffhasmadeamistake.3Liesoreffortstomisleadalwaysresultinfurtherstressfbryouasyouworryaboutgetting"caught".Communicatedailyorweeklytobuildtherelationship.Recognizethatsuccessatworkisnotallaboutyou.4Identifyyourboss'sareasofweaknessorgreatestchallengesandaskwhatyoucandotohelp.Whatareyourboss'sbiggestworries?Howcanyourcontributionreducetheseconcerns?Understandyourboss'sgoalsandpriorities.Placeemphasisinyourworktomatchherpriorities.Thinkintermsoftheoverallsuccessofyourdepartmentandcompany,notjustaboutyournarrowworldatwork.Doeshe/shelikefrequentcommunication,autonomous（主动的）employees,requestsinwritinginadvanceofmeeting,orinformalconversationasyoupassinthehallway?Yourboss'spreferencesareimportant.Thebetteryouunderstandthem,thebetteryouwillworkwithhim/her.Ifyousometimesdisagreeandoccasionallyexperienceanemotionalreaction,don'tholdhatred.Don'tmakethreatsaboutleaving.Disagreementisfine.Youneedtocometotermswiththefactthatyourbosshasmoreauthorityandpowerthanyoudo.A.Valueyourboss'stime.B・Dowhatyousayyou'lldo.C・Identifywhathe/shevaluesinanemployee.Cover-upsdon'tcontributetoaneffectiverelationship.Putyourboss'sneedsatthecenterofyouruniverse.Learninghowtoreadyourboss'smoodsandreactionsisalsohelpful.Therelationshipwithyourbossisimportantforyourworksuccessandcareerprogress.本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些与老板友好相处的建议。G［下文提到，以下是一些有助于你与老板关系融洽的建议。G项意为“与老板之间的关系对于你工作上的成功和事业上的进步来说很重要'讲述的是与老板建立好关系的重要性，与下文提出建议形成因果关系，符合语境。故选G。］B［根据上文可知，关系应建立在信任的基础之上；根据下文可知，要遵守承诺。B项意为“做你说过要做的事”，与上下文衔接密切，符合语境。故选B。］D［根据上文可知，如果你或你的汇报人员犯了错误，要告诉老板。D项意为“隐瞒不利于发展良好的关系”，与上文话题紧密相连，并照应下文对谎言的不利之处的进一步描述，符合语境。故选D。］E［上文提到，要认识到工作上的成功并不仅仅局限于你自己；根据下文可知，确定你老板的弱点或最大挑战，看看自己能帮他做些什么。故E项“把老板的需要放在你的中心位置\起过渡作用，照应上文“isnotallaboutyou”且与下文话题衔接紧密，符合语境。故选E。］C［此处为该段主题句，根据下文内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，要弄清楚老板喜欢什么样的员工。C项意为“确定他/她看重员工的哪个方面'体现了本段的中心，符合语境。故选C。］B（2016•石家庄市教学质量检测）Everyonecanbenefitfrommakinganefforttopracticegratitude（感激）everyday.Thefollowingthreestepscanhelpyoustartfeelingmoregrateful,andappreciativeofthegoodthingsinyourlife：NoticetheGoodThingsinYourLifePayattentiontothesmalleverydaydetailsofyourlife——nature,people,community,shelter,creaturecomfortslikeawarmbedoragoodmeal.Andthenstartagratitudejournal.Makingacommitmenttowritingdowngoodthingseachdaymakesitmorelikelythatwewillnoticegoodthingsastheyhappen.EnjoytheFeelingofGratitudeTherearemomentswhenyounaturally,rightthenandthere,feelfilledwithgratitude.Thesearemomentswhenyousaytoyourself,"Oh,wow,thisisamazing!”or“Howgreatthisis!”Pause.7Letitsinkin.Enjoyyourblessingsthemomenttheyhappen.ExpressGratitudeExpressinggratitudeismorethanbeingpolite.8Showyourappreciationtosomeonewhoreallydidsomethingnice.Say：”Itwasreallykindofyouto…”"Youdidmeabigfavorwhen...”or“Thankyouforbeingtherewhen...”.9Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou,evenifitmeanswaitingalittlelongerthanyounormallywould.Truegratitudedoesn'tleaveyoufeelinglikeyouoweotherpeoplesomething—afterall,ifyou'vedonesomeoneafavor,youprobablydon*twantthepersontofeellikeyouexpectsomethingbackinreturn.10Itsaboutshowingyourheartfeltappreciation.B・Noticeandabsorbthatfeelingoftruegratitude.Youcanalsoexpressgratitudebydoingakindness.It*sallaboutfeelinggoodandcreatingacycleofgood.Starttonoticeandidentifythethingsyouaregratefulfor.Helpsomeonewithoutlettingthepersonfindoutitwasyou.It'samazingwhatyounoticewhenyoufocusonfeelinggrateful.本文主要介绍了帮助人们感受生活中的美好事物的三个步骤。E［依据本段的标题“留心生活中美好的事情”可知，选E。开始留心并确定你要感恩的事情。］B［由第三段的标题EnjoytheFeelingofGratitude和空格前的举例可知，B项中的“thatfeelingoftruegratitude”与之呼应。］A［本段的标题是表达感恩，上文说明表达感恩不仅仅有礼貌，它表达你衷心的感谢。A项中的It指代上文的Expressinggratitude。］C［由下文的“Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou”可知，你也可以为他人做一个友好的举动来表达你的感恩。］D［依据上文可知，你帮助他人时，不期待人家对你的回报，D项中的creatingacycleofgood”创造一个善行的循环''符合语境。］C（2016•云南红河州检测）Wespendsomuchtimewaitingtobeloved,hopinglovewillfindus,andlookingforthatspeciallove.Unfortunately,that'snotusuallyhowlifeworks.Tobeloved,youshouldloveandrespectyourselfasmuchasyoudoothers.Inordertolovesomeone,youshouldloveyourself.Stopcomparingyourselftoothers.11Weallhavedifferentgifts.Whenyoucompareyourselftoothersforwhattheyhave,whetheritisacar,ahouse,orajob,itmakesyoufeelbadaboutyourself.Reallybegratefulabouteverythingyouhave.Gratitudekeepsyourheartopentolove.Practisereceivinglove.Totrulyloveistobeabletoreceiveit.Whensomeonelovesyou,doessomekinddeedstoyou,orsayskindwords,acceptit12Knowthatyouareworthyoflove.ltisimportanttoacceptagiftoflovebyothers.Yougiveyourselfachancetolearnmoreaboutyourselfthatyouarelovable.1314Writeaboutyourexperiences,goodandbad.Whenyouwritedowngoodexperiences,allowyourselftofeelthosefeelings.Whenyoureniernberbadexperiences,allowyourselftofeelself-cornpassion.Compassionisnotself-pity,butratherwillingnesstoacceptone'sownpainandregret.Stoptryingtobeperfect.Stopblamingyourselfforbeinglessthanperfect.15Justfollowallthestepsaboveanddon*tletanyone'sexpectationsofyouputanypressureonyou.A.Keepadiary.B・Appreciateyourself.Donotfeelsorryaboutit.Alwaysdoyourbest,butnotreachingperfectionisnotafailure.Allowyourselftofeelthelovethathascomeyourway.Yougivesomeoneajoyofgivingbylovingyou.Everyoneontheearthisunique.本文是一篇议论文，告诉我们想要被爱首先要学会爱自己，在爱自己的前提下去爱别人。G［根据后一句“我们都有不同的天赋“可知，这是因为世界上的每个人都是独一无二的。故选G项。］E［根据前一句“当有人爱你时，对你做一些善意的举动或说些亲切的话时，你就接受吧”可知。要用自己的方式感受爱的存在。故选E项。］F［根据前文“接受别人爱的赠予是重要的，从中你可以更好地了解自己是多么可爱”可知，你在接受爱你的人给予你爱的同时，爱你的人也会感到快乐。故选F项。］A［根据后一句“经常写下你的体验，无论好的还是坏的”可知，作者建议你经常写日记。故选A项。］D［根据前文内容可知，作者建议你不要刻意地去追求完美。故选D项。］D（2016•郑州市质量预测）StudyLinksVideoGameUsetoProblemsinSchoolAnewstudywarnsthattoomuchtimespentplayingcomputergamescouldaffectachild'sperformanceatschool.16Theyshowthattoomanyhoursspentplayinggamescanreducestudents1chancesofsuccessinschool.Morethan600teenagersbetweentheagesof14and16tookpartintheresearchproje