Unit 1 People of achievement 学案 高一下学期英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

PAGE16Unit1学案PAGE1PAGE1I重点词汇crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的[重点用法]acrucialfactor/issue/decision关键的因素/问题/决定becrucialto对至关重要[典例]Andersonplayedacrucialroleintheteam’svictoryonSaturday.[练习]汉译英她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。Herwork_________________________theproject’ssuccess.2.vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；生死攸关的；充满生机的[重点用法]bevitalto/for…对……是至关重要的bevitaltodosth.做某事是至关重要的avitalrole至关重要的作用performvitalfunction起重要作用Itisvitalthat…(should)do…做……是至关重要的/生死攸关的。[典例]1)Perseveranceisvitaltosuccess.毅力对于成功是至关重要的。2)Hissupportisvitalforourproject.3)Itwasvitaltogivefirstaidtotheinjuredman.4)It’svitalthatwe(should)carryouttheoperationimmediately.[练习]用所给单词的适当形式填空Itisvitalforajournalist(keep)accuraterecords.It’svitalthateveryequipment(check)mittedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的commitvt.犯（错误、罪行），干（坏事）；承诺，保证；投入vi.投入[重点用法]becommittedto(doing)sth.尽力/承诺做某事commitanerror犯错commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.承诺做某事commitacrime犯罪[典例]Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,mitmentn.[C，U]许诺，承诺；[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；[C，U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用makeacommitmenttosb./sth.对某人/某物作出承诺makeacommitmenttodosth./todoingsth.保证/承诺做某事carryoutonescommitment履行某人的承诺[练习]汉译英这个发展地区致力于创建一个完美的投资环境。Thisdevelopmentarea______________________aperfectinvestmentenvironment.2).Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytheenergyand___________(commitment)shownbyplayers.4.objectiven.目标；目的adj.客观的[重点用法]objectiveassessment客观评价objectivemeasurement客观度量objectivedescription客观描述[典例]Youmustsetrealisticaimsandobjectivesforyourself.Themainobjectiveofthismeetingistogivemoreinformationonourplans.[练习]汉译英它将提供真实和客观的信息。Itwouldprovide_________________________________5.evaluatevt.评价；评估[重点用法]evaluateone’sability评估某人的能力evaluatethevalue/qualityofsth.评估某物的价值/质量evaluatethecostsof评估的费用evaluatetheserviceofthehotel评价旅馆的服务[典例]1)Icannotevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.2)Theymadeanintensiveevaluationofthehealthcareprogram.3)Wemustevaluatetheconsequencescausedbythefire.Evaluationn.[C,U]评估[练习]汉译英1)让我们评定一下此证据的价值。___________________________________________________________________________________Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshould________(evaluate)pertyn.性质；特征；财产；房地产[重点用法]propertyprices房地产价格apropertydeveloper房地产开发商preventseriouspropertydamage防止严重的财产损失propertyright产权propertymanagement物业管理[典例]Dog’sownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetsdoaninjurytootherpeopleorcausedamagetotheirproperty.[练习]汉译英一般来说，在他们离开的时候要照看好他们的财产。Ingeneral,_______________________whiletheyaregone.distinctadj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的[重点用法]Bedistinctfrom...与...不同make/drawadistinction区分开来；区别对待clear/sharpdistinction明显的不同Itisdistinct/clearthat…很清楚（=Distinctly/Clearly,...）[典例]Itisdistinctthatweshouldmakeadistinctionbetweentheprimarytasksandroutineworkinourdailywork.Asdawnbroke,theoutlineofabuildingbecamedistinctagainstthesky.[练习]汉译英(……是明显的)smokingisharmfultoourhealth.8.boilvt.&vi.（使）沸腾；煮开；烧开n.沸腾；沸点[重点用法]boilwithanger怒火中烧，非常愤怒[典例]Awatchedpotneverboils.心急吃不了热豆腐。Theyplannedtokeepthebudgetlowbylivingonboilednoodles.[练习]汉译英100摄氏度是水沸腾的温度。100℃isthetemperatureatwhich____________________9.obtainvt.（尤指经努力）获得；赢得vi.（规章、习俗等）存在；流行[重点用法]obtainsth.fromsb./sth.从……获得某物obtaininformationfromheadoffice从总部获取资料obtainpermissionfromtheprincipal得到校长的同意obtainone’spermission得到某人许可[典例]1).Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatrecordanywhere.2).Hesaidthatthepolicehadobtainedthisinformationbyillegalmeans.[练习]汉译英1).Afterquestioningthemanforsixhours,thepolice(得到消息)theywanted.2).India(获得独立)in1947,afteralongstruggle.10..acknowledgevt.承认（属实、权威等）；（公开）感谢[重点用法]acknowledgedoing/havingdone承认做了……acknowledge…as/tobe…承认……是……It'swidely/generally/universallyacknowledgedthat………是大家所公认的。[典例]WhenaskedaboutthereceiptofTom’sletter,heacknowledgedit.Hisservicestothesocietyhavebeenofficiallyacknowledged.Theyacknowledgedthatthetopictheywerediscussingaboutwasrelevanttonationalsecurity.Theyacknowledgedhavingabandonedtheshipatlast.Sheisgenerallyacknowledgedtobe/asoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.=Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatsheisoneofthegreatestpianistsintheworld.Acknowledgementn.[sing.U]承认；【C，U】感谢[练习]汉译英1)Peteracknowledged(未通过驾照考试).11.defeatn.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜[重点用法]defeatateam打败一支队伍defeattheenemy打败敌人admit/accept/facedefeat认输/接受失败/面临失败anarrow/heavydefeat惜败/惨败[典例]JohnSnowdefeatedcholerawhichwasadeadlydiseaseofitsday.2)I’vetriedtosolvetheproblem,butitdefeatsme.3)Thepainterwasamanwhohatedtoadmitdefeat.[练习]汉译英1)他们希望在海上击败敌人。Theyhopedto_________________atsea.analyse（NAmEanalyze）vt.分析[重点用法]analysestatistics/data分析数据analysetheproblem分析问题[典例]Nevertheless,wemustnotcommitthemistakeofanalyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.[练习]汉译英这个团队正在努力分析这个问题，以便他们能找到最好的解决方法。Theteamareworkinghardto_____________________sothattheycanfindthebestsolution.13.apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然（=obviously）[重点用法]Itisapparent/obviousthat…（=apparently/obviously）……是显而易见的。[典例]Itwasapparenttoeveryonethathewasannoyed.谁都知道他生气了。[练习]汉译英___________________________________(很明显)thedrugdoesbenefitsomepatients.14.substancen.物质，物品；事实根据[重点用法]achemical/radioactivesubstance化学/放射性物质banned/illegalsubstances禁用/非法物品[典例]Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstanceshavebeenfoundinthepastfewyears.[练习]汉译英他的话是有一定根据的。Thereis________________inwhathesays.15.insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求[重点用法]insiston/uponsth.坚持某事insiston/upon(sb.’s)doingsth.坚持要求（某人）做某事insist后接that从句时，有两种情况：表示“坚持主张，坚决要求”时，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。表示“坚持认为，坚称”时，从句用陈述语气。[典例]1).Istillinsistonmyviewpoint.2).Heinsistedonpayingforthemeal.3).Motherinsistedonourwashingtheclothesbyourselves.4).Sheinsistedthattheboyhadstolenherwalletandthathe(should)besenttothepolicestation.[练习]汉译英爸爸坚持让我们每天至少学习一件新东西。Papa_____________________________atleastonenewthingeachday.HeinsistedthatI_________(take)backwhatIsaid,butIinsistedthatmywords_______(be)right.16.scientificadj.科学（上）的；关于科学的[重点用法]ascientificdiscovery科学发现scientificresearch/study科学研究scientificknowledge科学知识thescientificmethod科学方法[典例]It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.[练习]汉译英他采取了一种非常科学的管理方法。Hetook__________________________tomanagement.17.mostlyadv.主要地；一般地[重点用法]bemostlyfrom主要来自bemostlyusedtodosth.主要用于做某事bemostlyusedfor主要用于[典例]Thelistenersaremostlymiddleschoolstudents,rangingfrom12to18.[练习]汉译英刀子主要用于切东西。____________________________________________________________________________________18.conclusionn.结论；推论[重点用法]cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论jumptoconclusion匆忙下结论bring...toaconclusion使结束inconclusion最后[典例]Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.Whatdoyouthinkbringstheprofessortothisconclusion?Theymadefullinvestigationsprevioustoreachingaconclusion.[练习]汉译英她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。____________________________________________________________________________________19.fleevi.&vt.迅速离开；逃跑[重点用法]fleeaway逃离fleefrom从逃离；避免fleeinterror仓皇逃走[典例]HefledtoLondonafteranargumentwithhisfamily.他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。[练习]汉译英她突然哭了起来，跑开了。____________________________________________________________________________________20.circumstancen.条件；环境；状况[重点用法]under/in…circumstances在……情况下under/inthecircumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under/inanycircumstances在任何情况下ifcircumstancesallow/permit如果情况允许under/innocircumstances决不，一点儿也不[典例]Undersuchcircumstances,thesepeoplearelikelytoabusetheirpower.Wecan’ttakemeasuresuntilwe’veknownallthecircumstances.Canyoutellmehowtoadapttothestudyatmosphereandcircumstancequickly?Undernocircumstancescanyoutaketheriskofleavinghimalone.[练习]汉译英(在这样困难的情况下),Idecidedtomakeallmyefforts.21.flown.流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动[重点用法]theflowofcars车流theflowofthewater水流theflowoffunds资金流stoptheflowofbloodfromthewound止住伤口流血[典例]Thesehormonesalsohaveapositiveeffectontheheartandthebloodflow.[练习]中译英人往高处走，水往低处流。Manstrugglesupwards;water_____________________________22.foundvt.创建；建立；把建立在[重点用法]befoundedon建立在……基础上，（建筑物）建立在……上[典例]1).Theirmarriagewasfoundedonloveandrespect.他们的婚姻建立在爱和尊重的基础上。[练习]中译英1).中华人民共和国成立于1949年。infervt.推断；推定[重点用法]inferfrom从中推测出inferaconclusionfromthefacts从事实中推断出结论[典例]Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshouldbecontentwithwhatwealreadyhave.[练习]中译英我们可以从第5段划线的雪莉-安的陈述中推断出什么？___________________Shelly-Ann’sstatementunderlinedinParagraph5?numerousadj.众多的；许多的[重点用法]numerousfriends很多朋友anumberof许多；一些thenumberof的数目[典例]TherewerenumerousdivingspotsintheareaandLarrywasdeterminedtovisitallofthem.[练习]中译英这套系统的好处不胜枚举。Theadvantagesofthissystemare______________________IV重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）getstuck陷入困境；被卡在[典例]1)Igotstuckinthetraffic.Asaresult,Iwaslateforworkthismorning.[重点用法]bestuckin=betrappedin被困在bestuck/caught/heldupintraffic遭遇交通阻塞[练习]汉译英1)船陷在泥里了。Theboat___________________themud.bychance=byaccident偶然地；意外地[典例]1).IheardthemhavingaheatedargumentbychancewhenIpassedby.[短语归纳]meetsb.bychance偶然遇见某人getthisjobcompletelybychance得到这份工作纯属意外[练习]中译英1).我在飞机上遇到汤姆纯属偶然。ImetTom______________________ontheplane.standupto经得住（检验等）[典例]Facedwiththefailure,somecanstanduptoit,drawusefullessonsfromitandtryhardtofulfillwhattheyaredeterminedtodo.[短语归纳]standupfor支持，维持standfor代表，象征Standby袖手旁观；支持，帮助standout显眼，突出；出色，杰出[练习]中译英我认为，该国人民会坚持正义。Ithinkthepeopleinthiscountrywill______________________wearandtear（正常使用造成的）磨损；损耗[典例]Theinsurancepolicydoesnotcoverdamagecausedbynormalwearandtear.[短语归纳]anoldpairofwornjeans一条破旧的牛仔裤wearout用坏，穿破；使精疲力尽[练习]中译英这种布料十分耐用。Thisclothisdesignedtostandupto______________________Drawout用法详解(1)取出(=takeout)Hedrewoutfromhisluggageaboxwrappedincolouredpaperandgaveittohisson(2)拖延,拉长Thefinalquestiondrewthemeetingoutforanotherhour.(3)(白昼)渐长,(天黑)渐晚Withtheapproachofspringthedaysbegintodrawout归纳拓展draw构成的其他短语：Drawup起草,拟订drawin(天黑)渐早,(白昼)渐短drawback后退;撤回V重点句型（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）Onemedicaltextfromthefourthcenturysuggestedusingtheextractfromsweetwormwood...[解释]动词-ing形式做动词的宾语。常接-ing形式做宾语的动词有：enjoy，finish，keep，practise，mind，consider，imagine，avoid，miss，advise，escape，risk，stand（忍受）等。[典例]Ifyouthinkthattreatingakidwellmeansalwaysgivinghimwhathewants,youaretotallywrong.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelpbeingpersuadedintobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.[练习]中译英我提议坐我的车去。____________________________________________________________________________________Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.[解释]现在分词短语作方式状语。★现在分词（短语）作时间、原因、条件状语时，通常位于句首；作结果、方式、伴随状语时，通常位于句末，该非谓语动词和句子主语之间为主动关系。[典例]Workingasavolunteerteacherinthewest,thegirltookupgrowingvegetables.Seeingthathiswifewasgoingofftosleep,heswitchedofftheTV.Goingstraightdowntheroad,youwillfindtheChildren’sPalace.Shetriedanewdiet,reducingherweight.Milliecameridingabrand-newbike.Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.7)根据香蕉的成熟度和冰箱的温度，冷冻香蕉可以保存几个星期。Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”[解释]★on/upon+n./v.-ing是介词短语，表示“一就”，做时间状语。[典例]Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseumuponherdeath.Onhearingthenews,Chinawasquicktostartorganizingemergencyaid.[练习]中译英一到茶馆，独特的茶壶和茶杯就给这些外国学生留下了深刻印象。________________,theforeignstudentswereimpressedbytheuniqueteapotsandteacups.VI重点语法：非限制性定语从句定语从句根据与先行词关系的密切程度可分为“限制性定语从句”与“非限制性定语从句”。非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，和主句之间用逗号隔开，若把从句去掉，句子意思仍然完整。译成汉语时，从句常单独译成一句。LiMing,whoismycousin,hasgraduallyadjustedtothelifeinAmerica.李明是我表弟，他已逐渐适应了美国的生活。Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.汤姆上学总是迟到，这一点令他的老师很生气。非限制性定语从句的引导词非限制性定语从句的引导词有：关系代词which，who，whom，whose，as；关系副词when，where等。MrSmith,whosefootwasbadlyhurt,wasquicklysenttothelocalhospital.史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，他很快就被送到了当地医院。We’llgraduateinJuly,whenwe’llbefree.我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。YiJianlian,asyouknow,isanexcellentbasketballplayer.你知道，易建联是一名优秀的篮球远动员。as引导的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中。asisknowntoall众所周知asweallknow众所周知asisoftenthecase情况常常如此asissaidabove如上所述asweexpected正如我们预料的那样asisreported正如报道的那样ashasbeenpointedout正如已经指出的那样ashasbeensaidbefore正如之前所说使用非限制性定语从句时应注意的问题that不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制