牛津深圳版初二下学期(1-5单元)英语知识点总结

Chapterone一课文重点词汇和短语payattentionto注意gowrong出毛病，出错breakdown抛锚forexample例如losememory失忆becomeworse变得更糟beangrywith对…生气theGuinnessBookofRecords吉尼斯世界记录大全ashort-term/long-termmemory长/短时记忆amanwithaninjuredbrain一个脑伤的男人amazingstories令人惊叹的故事beconnectedto与…相连be/feelamazedat…对…感到惊讶makeanexcuse找借口/借故makeanapologytosb.道歉writeanarticleonthetopic写一篇关于这个主题的文章includeafeatureaboutsth.增加一个关于…的特写（报道）lookupawordinthedictionary在字典里查询单词agreev.同意⑴agreeto＋VWeagreedtoleaveatonce.我们同意立即走。⑵agreetosth.赞同；允许Sheagreedtomyidea.她同意我的想法。⑶agreewithsb.同意某人的意见IagreewithJim.我同意Jim的意见。⑷agreewithsth.赞同Idon’tagreewithexperimentsonanimals.⑸agreeonsth.对……意见一致Theyallagreeonthiscase.他们对此案件意见一致。‘Ithinkit’sabadidea.’“Icouldn’tagreemore”.(=Icompletelyagree)‘我认为这是一个坏主意。’“我完全同意”。反义词：disagreev.不同意everydayadj.“日常的；例行的；平凡的”相当于daily.Thearticleiswrittenineverydaylanguage.这篇文章写得浅显易懂。everyday副词短语“每一天，天天”Hegetsupat6:30everyday.他每天6：30起床。注意death，die与dead和dyingdeath是名词，意思是死亡，die是动词，死；dead是形容词“死了的，死亡的”之意；dying是形容词，意思是即将死亡的，垂死的二语法：由if和unless引导的条件状语从句含有if的复合句由两个分句组成；if为连词，引导条件状语从句，另一句为主句。如果谈论的是某一个动作发生后势必会产生某个结果，那么主从句都用一般现在时态。e.g.Ifyouboilwater,itbecomessteam.Ifyoudropaglass,itbreaks.如果谈论的是‘如果’某一个动作或事情发生后，很可能将会产生某种结果，那么在复句中主句的动词用一般将来时，而if从句仍然是一般现在时。IfhearrivesinHongKong,hewillcallme.若if条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。unless与if用法相似，相当于if…note.g.Youwillfailtheexamifyoudon’tprepareforit.→Youwillfailtheexamunlessyouprepareforit.同步练习（）Youwillmissthetrain_youhurryup.A.unlessBasC.ifD.until()Tomwillcallmeifhe_Shanghai.A.arrivesB.willreachCarrivesinD.gettoChapter2一．课文重点词汇和短语1.lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子2.succeedindoingsth.=dosthsuccessfully成功做某事3.insteadof代替=inplaceof4.get…intotrouble使…陷入麻烦中5.beintroublewith与…之间有麻烦6.beintrouble陷入困境7.allaroundtheworld全世界8.bad-tempered脾气坏的9.anumberof许多=many/alotof/lotsof/otal一共11.stayup熬夜12.thenumberof……的数量13.fallasleep睡着gotosleep去睡觉14.cometolife有生气,活跃15.playatrickon捉弄16.stayinbed卧床17.escapefrom逃离18.laughat嘲笑19.befullof=befilledwith充满20.trytodosth尽力做某事21.inthelate1930s20世纪30年代末22.thinkof想到；想起；想出thinkabout考虑thinkover仔细思考23.tellsbtodosth告诉某人做某事24.amancalled…=amanwhoiscalled…叫…的人二．语法形容词概述1.形容词用来修饰名词，说明事物的性质，特征或状态。Maryisagoodgirl.Thecartoonsalsohavealonghistory.2.形容词放在连系动词之后，如：be,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,turn,keep,come…Itlooksbeautiful.Thecakedoesn’ttastesweet.3.形容词做宾语补足语.它们能使动作完整并通常与一些特定的动词如：make,keep,want,find,think,prefer连用。Theythoughtitwouldbefunnytomakethemouseclever.Idrankalotofcoffeetokeepmyselfawake.4．形容词与不定式连用的两个句型。(1)Itis+形容词+of/forsb.+todosth.若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用ofsb.。It’sverykind_____you____helpme.

It’sclever____you_____workoutthemathsproblem.若形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用forsb.这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。

It’sverydangerous_____children_____crossthebusystreet.

It’sdifficult____us_____finishthework.(2)n.+be+形容词+todosth.Comicsarewonderful____________（read)Thefilmisexciting_______(see).5.形容词修饰不定代词应位于其后：Ihave________________(一些重要的事情)totellyou.Isthere________________(有趣的事情)intoday’snewspaper?6.以-ed和-ing结尾的形容词的比较：以-ed结尾的形容词强调人的感受:excited,interested,surprised,frightened以-ing结尾的形容词强调某事物本身的特征:exciting,interesting,surprisingThisisan________bookandIam________init.(interest)Wewerealldeeply________bythe_________story.(move)7.注意1）Good是形容词，副词是well。但是well也可以作为形容词，但只能指身体好的。2）有些词既可以当形容词，又可以做副词：Long,early,late,high,low,enough,much，hard(hardly意思为几乎不，不是hard的副词)a.Heisahardstudent.b.Heworksveryhard.a.Sheisafastrunner.b.Sherunsveryfast.a.Doyoulikelatedinners?b.No,Idon’tliketoeatlate.3）很多副词由形容词加词尾–ly构成副词,有些名词加ly后可构成形容词(friend+lyfriendly友好的love+lylovely可爱的)复习：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1.形容词副词比较级和最高级的构成单音节词加-er和-esthard-harder-hardest辅音字母y结尾变y为i，再加-er/-esteasy-easier-easiest重读音节并且是“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母”要双写辅音字母再加-er/-esthot-hotter-hottestbig-bigger-biggest多音节词前加more/mostbeautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法①两者进行比较A=Bas+形容词或副词的原级+asIamastallasyou.LucysingsaswellasLily.A≠Bnotso/as+形容词或副词的原级+asHeisnotas/socarefulashisbrother.Hedoesn’trunas/soquicklyasme.A＞B或A＜B形容词或副词的比较级+thanYouaretwoyearsyoungerthanme.Heisalittlestrongerthanhisfather.Nancydancesbetterthanherclassmates.②三者或三者以上进行比较使用形容词或副词的最高级常接in或of表比较范围WhoisthetallestinClassThree?Shanghaiisthelargestofallthecities.注意：oneof+最高级+名词的复数Chinaisoneofthestrongestcountriesintheworld.the+序数词+最高级+名词的单数TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverintheworld.③注意以下几种情况：形容词或副词的比较级前可用much,alittle,abit,even,far等程度副词或词组表示不同程度，但是注意，very不行。I’malittle/much/farricherthanyou.Footballismuchmoreexcitingthanbasketball.比较级+and+比较级表“越来越…”strongerandstrongermoreandmorebeautifulC.“the+比较级…,the+比较级”表示“越是…越是…”Thebusiersheis,thehappiersheis.同步练习()1.Youdon’tlookso_____asusual.Whydon’tyougotoseeadoctor?

A.well

B.better

C.badly

D.worse(

)2.Itislucky_____togetsuchagoodchance.A.forhimB.withhimC.ofhimD.tohim()3.Thefilmiswonderful______.A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.see()4.Thisis____giftIhaveeverreceived.Iloveitverymuch.A.thebestB.betterC.worseD.theworst()5.Thefishsmells______.A.badlyB.wellC.badD.terribly()6.Allenspent____timeonthecomposition,sohemade____mistakesthanTony.A.fewer,moreB.less,fewerC.much,manyD.more,fewer()7.TheybothworkedforMGMinthe______1930s.

A.lateB.laterC.latterD.last()8.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplesitbeforethetelevisiontonightisthattherewillbea______show.

A.livingB.liveC.aliveD.lived()9.Thisbagisas_____asthatone.A.betterB.goodC.bestD.well()10.Ifindit_______tounderstand.A.easyB.easilyC.toeasyD.easylyChapter3一课文重点词汇和短语makeoneselfclear阐述清楚beindanger在危险中environmentalproblems环境问题keepsbfrom(doing)sth…阻止某人做某事stopsbfrom(doing)sth…阻止某人做某事preventsbfrom(doing)sth…阻止某人做某事intheformof…=inthestyleof以……的形式cutdowntrees砍伐树木takeinharmfulgases=absorbharmfulgases吸入有害气体throwaway丢掉alltheway全程；一路上mountainsof=amountainof=anumberof=alotof大量inorderto为了environmentallyfriendly环保的damagetheenvironment破坏环境actas/actlike扮演，充当greenhouseeffect温室效应causesb/sthtodosth导致……去做……asmany/muchas…多达reach=arrivein/at=getto到达leadto导致takeactiontodosth采取行动去…dealwith处理beonfire着火beharmfultosb=bebadfor对……有害bedifferentfrom=benotthesameas与…..不同asaresult结果begratefultosb=bethankfultosb对……感激二．语法AWhy-questions:Why特殊疑问词why用来问原因，“为什么”，回答时用because，表“因为”；注意:so表示所以，在英语中，不能和because连用A:WhydoyoulikeTomandJerry?B:Becausetheyareveryfunny.Becausehewasill,sohedidn’tcometoschool.×Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.=Hewasill,sohedidn’tcometoschool.√BPatternsexpressionsacomparison比较句型及表达(not)as…aslikethesameasdifferentfrom1.(not)as…as表示在某一点上两事物（不）相同as…as之间必须用形容词或副词的原级I’mnotastallasmybrother.Ericstudiesashardashistwinsister.常用短语:asmuch(+n.)as…和…一样多，如…那么多,修饰不可数名词asmany(+n.)as…尽可能多（修饰可数名词）assoonas尽快，一…就…asfastas尽可能快例句：Youcaneatasmuch(chicken)asyoulike.YoushouldrememberasmanyEnglishwordsasyoucan.Finishyourhomeworkassoonaspossible.Afterschool,heranhomeasfastashecould.2like(介词）用于说明两事物在一个或更多的方面相同.like+名词或代词as也表示像的意思，但as后接从句Theboylookslikehisfather.I’lldoasyouadvise.3thesameas用于说明某事物与另一个一样.I’mnotthesameheightasmybrother.Wehavelivedinthissamehouseforthirtyyears.same前面必须有定冠词the，后加单数名词4.different正好相反，前面不用加the，后面用复数名词Westudyinthesameschool,butindifferentclasses.Therearedifferentbooksonthesamesubject.Note:但也可以说adifferent加单数名词ThisisadifferentgirlfromtheoneIsawjustnow.differentfrom用于说某事物和另一个不一样.Thedogisdifferentfromtheother.*很多情况下,notas…as,notthesameas和differentfrom之间可以互换.I’mnotasheavyashim.=I’mnotthesameweightashim.=Myweightisdifferentfromhis.同步练习1.Thisfilmisnotsointeresting________thatone.A.as B.than C.for D.to2.--IsTomatschooltoday?--No,he’sathome_________hehasabadcold.A.because B.if C.until D.before3.Hehas________booksasI.Ihave________moneyashe.A.asmuch;asmanyB.asmany;asmuchC.asmany;somuchD.more;more4.I’mnotsurewhetherTonycansing_________Pansy!A.aswellas B.asgoodasC.sogoodasD.asbetteras5.Look!Theboyintheriveris_________danger.A.with B.on C.in D.above6.Mikeprefersto.A.toswim;skatingB.swimming;skating C.toswim;skateD.swimming;skate7.Mostofmyclassmatesdon’tlikeplayingfootball,butIam________them.Ilikeitverymuch.A.thesameas B.differentfromC.like D.pleasedwith8.Theparkis_______beautifulthat________manypeoplecometovisititeveryyear.A.so;such B.such;so C.such;suchD.so;so9.________yourhelp,Ican’tworkouttheproblem.A.With B.NoC.Without D.Under10.Yourschooluniformisdifferent________ours,butdon’tthrowthem_________.A.away;fromB.from;awayC.as;from D.to;as11.Theheavyrain________us________toschool.A.keeps;going B.stops;goingC.tokeep;togo D.stops;togo12.Theteacheraskedus_________inclass.A.nottalk B.tonottalkC.nottotalk D.don’ttalk13.Iwenttoschoolwithout________anything.A.toeat B.eating C.eat D.toeating14.Weshouldreadbooks________.Aasmuchaspossible B.asmanyaspossibleC.asmanyasyoucan D.asmuchasyoucan15.Ihavetodo________homeworktoday.Iamverybusy.A.toomuch B.toomany C.muchtoo D.little16.Shewassickyesterday,butsheis________togotoschooltoday.A.enoughgood B.goodenough C.wellenough D.enoughwellChapter4重点单词和短语1.acceptv.接受；承认（反义词refuse）2.educationaladj.教育（cation）3.exchangen.&v.交换；交流4.hostn.主人（反义词guest）5.ownadj.自己的v.拥有(n.owner)6.simple=easyadj.简单的（反义词difficult）7.culturen.文化(adj.cultural)8.confidentadj.自信的(n.confidence)9.deepadj.深的(adv.deeply)10.improvev.改善，改进(n.improvement)短语1.takeavisit/tripto…去某处参观（旅行）2.beabletodo能够做3.giveatalkabout/onsth.tosb.向某人做关于某事的报告4.throughouttheworld=allovertheworld全世界5.live/staywith与…生活在一起6.goonsightseeing(tours)去观光7.makefriendswith与…交朋友8.aswellas还；也；不及9.sincethen从那时起；打那以后10.keep/getintouchwith与…保持联系11.incase万一12.inorderthat为了……13.beconfidentof…..对…..感到有信心14.lookforwardtodoing…盼望做某事15.applyfor申请16.goonasightseeingtour进行观光旅游17.bedeeplymoved被深深地打动18.winascholarship赢得奖学金19.improvethesituation改善情况二语法：目的状语、结果状语、让步状语从句的用法【目的状语从句】我们能用sothat和inorderthat去谈论目的，他们叫做目的状语从句。在目的状语从句中我们经常用can,may,will或者shall或者could,might,would或者should。例如：Wegotupearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.我们早起为了赶上早班车.

Hestudieshardsothathecouldfindabetterjobinthefuture.他努力学习为了以后能有一份更好的工作.

解释句子1.Heputsonhiscoatsothathewon’tfeelcold.Heputsonhiscoat_______________hewon’tfeelcold.2.Maryoftenwearshighheelsinorderthatshemaylooktaller.Maryoftenwearshighheels___________________looktaller.Maryoftenwearshighheels__________shemaylooktaller.【结果状语从句】我们用去谈论一个行为或者状况的结果。他们叫做结果状语从句。adjective(形容词)adverb(副词)somany\few+可数名词复数thatmuch\little不可数名词a\an+形容词+可数名词单数such形容词+可数名词复数\不可数名词that用so…that…或者such…that…填空：1.Itwas______hotinthecinema______Ifeltveryuncomfortable.2.Itwas_______afunnyfilm______IlaugheduntilIcried!3.______fewpeoplecametoseethefilm___themanagerputonanotherfilminstead.4.Tomhurthislegs______badly_____hewasnotabletowalkforsixmonths.5.Therewere______manypeopleattheparty_____ourhousegottoocrowded.6.Joyhas______astrongloveoffilms_____shegoestothecinemaeveryweek.解释句子1.Sheissoshortthatshecan’tplaybasketballwell.Sheis_____short_____________basketballwell.Sheisnot______enough_____playbasketballwell.2.Theboyissoyoungthathecannotgotoschool.Theboyis_____young_____gotoschool.【让步状语从句】让步状语从句通常由单词although或者though连接.这两个单词可以连接两个相反的或者相对照的描述.例如:Althoughthetripwashardwork,itwasaveryvaluableexperienceforme.虽然旅行是苦差事,对我来说却是一次难得的体验.Samdidquitewillintheexamalthoughhewasunprepared.萨姆在这次考试中虽然没有准备,但他考得很好.Lindastillsparestimetohelppeoplethoughsheisalwaysverybusy.琳达虽然非常忙但她仍然花时间去帮别人.同步练习()1.Everychildlooksforwardto____lotsofpresentsonChristmasEve.A.getB.getsC.gettingD.got()2.____hewasill,heworkedhard.A.ThoughB.SoC.AlthoughD.AandC()3Johnhasmanyforeignfriends.He_____thembyemail.A.keepsintouchwithB.takeactionC.paysattentiontoD.looksafter()4.Keepmyphonenumber_____thereissomethingwrong.A.soB.incaseC.butD.incaseof()5.Itisraining_____heavily_____wecannotgooutforawalk.A.such;thatB.as;asC.such;asD.so;that()6.Maryis_____anicegril_____everyonelikesherverymuch.A.so;thatB.such;thatC.so;inorderthatD.such;though()7.—WhatdoyouthinkofTom?--Cleverenough____heisonlyalittleboy.A.butB.thoughC.becauseD.so()8.Tomisworkinghard______hecangetgoodmarksinthefinalexam.A.soastoB.inordertoC.inorderD.sothat()9.—Howdoyoulikethefilm,Tony?--Itis_____filmthatIhaveseenitseveraltimes.A.asointerestingB.asuchinterestingC.suchainterestingD.sointerestinga()10.Thereis_______cigarettesmokeinthecinema_____Icanhardlybreathe.A.somuch,thatB.somany;thatC.suchmany,thatD.so;that()11._________，Ihavenevermether.A.SincethenBFromthenonC.NowthenD.Sincethenon.()12.Theaim______learnaboutthelifeofthepoorinChina.A.aretoB.istoC.isgoingD.willgoingtoChapter5一重点单词和短语wouldratherdosth宁愿做某事beworthdoing值得一做bebornwith出生saveup储蓄attheageof在……岁的时候givesbahand帮助某人win…prize/awards获得……奖giveup放弃ataprice以很高代价haveahappychildhood度过幸福的童年bestrictwithsbinsth对某人在某方面要求严格practiseplayingthepiano练习弹钢琴makeupone’smindtodosth=decidetodosth下决心做某事quitone’sjob辞职inplaceof=insteadof代替fromthenon从那以后getone’sbigchance获得…..的好机会beresponsiblefor负责…….athugeevents在大型活动(事件)中pianocompetition钢琴比赛choosesbtodosth选择某人做某事withoutanyeffort轻而易举fallill生病betiredofsth/doingsth厌倦……begratefultosb对……感激atalentedman有天赋的人encourageandsupportsb鼓励并支持某人二语法：过去进行时过去进行时态：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。结构如下be（was/were）+doing否定：be（was/were）not+doing疑问：be（was/were）提前,句号变问号。1.表示过去某时间点或时间段发生的事情。at+时间点，atthistime,atthattime…MyfatherwaswatchingTVat6p.m.yesterday.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkfrom7to9yesterdayevening.2.表示过去某时间点或时间段发生的事情。when从句表示时间点。Iwasreadingabookwhenhecamein.HewascleaningtheroomwhenIsawhim.3.两个动作（延续性）同时发生，主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。从句用when或while引导。Whileotherone-year-oldbabiesweresleepingintheirparents’arms,LangLangwaslearninghowtoreadmusic.HewaspractisingthepianowhenIwascooking.4.when与while区别：when＋从句，可以延续性动词(过去进行时)，也可以短暂性动词（一般过去时）；while＋从句,一定是延续性动词(过去进行时)。当我看到他的时候，他正在吃早饭。HewashavingbreakfastwhenIsawhim.总结：_________只能表示时间段，其后只能用过去进行时。_________既可表示某一个时间点，也可以表示某一个时间段，所以其后的动词可以时延续性动词，也可以是短暂性动词。请用when和while填空。1．_______Igothome,hewashavingsupper.2.＿＿＿＿＿＿＿wewerestilllaughing,theteachercamein.3.____________Iwasreadingletterslastnight,hewaswatchingTV.4.Shewasverysurprised______shesawme.5.Pleasedonottalksoloud_________othersareworking.注意：不用于进行时的动词：agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的事。常用come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置移动的动词的进行时态表将要发生的动作。HetoldmethathewasleavingforShanghaithenextday.与一般过去时的区别：A一般过去时往往表示某一动作已经完成，而过去进行时表示动作在持续或未完成。Shedidherhomeworklastnight.(作业做完了)Shewasdoingherhomeworklastnight.(作业不一定写完)B一般过去时表示动作只做一次，而过去进行时表示动作反复进行。Hewavedtome.(挥了挥手)Hewaswavingtome.(不断地挥手)Chapter5巩固练习选择填空：()1.--Whatdidyouseeovertherejustnow?--Somechildren_______kites.A.wasflyingB.wereflyingC.areflyD.areflying()2.--Whatwashedoing_______youwenttosaygoodbyetohim?--He_________apicture.A.while;weredrawingB.when;wasdrawingC.when;drewD.while;draw()3.--Icalledyouathalfpastninethismorning,buttherewasnoanswer.--Oh,sorry.I________chesswithmyfriendsinthebackyard.A.wereplayingB.playedC.wasplayingD.amplaying()4.–Whatwereyoudoingwhenthebell_______?--I__________withmymother.A.rang;werewatchingTVB.goingout;waschattingC.wentoff;wasdancingD.ringing;werearguing()5.Hewasbusyworkingintheoffice_______someonebrokein.A.whileBwhenCafterDbefore()6.I_______FujiMountainwhileIwasstayinginJapan.A.visitedB.wasvisitingChadvisitedDvisit()7.I___________whensomeoneknockedatthedoor,A.asleepBwassleepingCsleptDweresleeping()8Myfather_________whileI__________at7p.m.yesterday.A.waswatchingTV,studiedB.watchedTV,wasstudyingC.waswatchingTV,wasstudying.D.watchedTV,studied()9._______he__________basketballfrom4to5o’clockyesterdayafternoon?A. Was,playingB.Were,playingB. Did,playD.Does,play()10.What_____youdoingfrom7to9yesterdayevening?I________doingmyEnglishhomework.Awas,wasBwere,wasCwere,wereDwas,were()11─Whatdidyouseewhileyouwerewalkingtoschoolthismorning?─I______