英语基础写作教案

一各司其职的句子成分写作运用探究句子由多个部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。明确句子各部分的功用就能最大限度地减少病句的出现。一、主语主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者，通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。Whatimpressesusmostareyourartskills，inwhichyoushowedoutstandingtalent.②Planningisgoodasitdecidesindetailhowwedo.【即时演练】完成句子1．________________isaboutthebookdonationfromourschooltoyourChineseclass.我打算告诉你的是关于我们学校向你们中文班赠书之事。2．Sometimes________________canmeangettingmore.有时放弃一些东西可能意味着得到的更多。3．________________isthesecondthingyoushouldlearn.如何与别人友好相处是你应该学会的第二件事。二、谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，只能由动词(短语)充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。①I'mapplyingforapart－timejobataforeigncompanyinmycityduringthesummervacation.Oncewewerelefttodecidewhethertohaveapicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.【即时演练】完成句子4．I________________toapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我在写信申请担任学生志愿者这个职位。5．Halfanhourlater，I________________tofindtherightanswer.半小时后，我设法找到了正确答案。6．Aftermanytimesoffailure，I________________atlast.失败多次之后，我终于成功了。三、宾语宾语是动作的对象或承受者，通常位于及物动词和介词的后面。宾语通常由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等充当。Asforourclass，wedecidedtotakefulladvantageofwastematerials.②Iknowyoutakegoodpicturesandyou'vealwayswantedtodosomethingforenvironmentalprotection.【即时演练】完成句子7．Suddenlyhethoughtof________________beforesettingout.他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。8．Firstofall，Ithink________veryimportant________________.首先，我认为在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。四、定语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的，常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。①Thethemeoftheshowisenvironmentalprotection.②Ihavewrittenmyapplicationletterandmyresume，whichareenclosedintheattachment.③Thisisawell－knownstoryfromanancientChineseidiom.【即时演练】完成句子9．Finally，Iwouldliketoaskafewquestionsabouthispersonallife，________________.最后，我要问一些关于他个人生活的问题，这一定很有趣。10．You'veintroducedtwoways________________.你介绍了两种分享书籍的方法。五、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分叫状语。常由副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等充当。Ifit'sconvenientforyou，let'smeetat8：30outsidetheschoolgate.Whenthecraftsmancameintotheclassroom，wegavehimawarmwelcome.【即时演练】完成句子11．Afteraweek'strip，hereturnedhome，________________________.旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。12．________________，myclassmatesandIdiscusseditandcameupwithasuggestionandlaterreportedtotheheadmaster.为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。六、补足语补足语用来补充说明宾语或主语的性质、多由形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等充当。Thisprojectbroadenedourhorizonsandmadeuslearnmanythings.Hopefully，thesebookswillhelpthestudentstoknowandlearnChinesebetter.【即时演练】完成句子13．We'lltryourbesttomakeourcountry________________________.我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。14．Therefore，don'tletyourchildren________________.因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。15．Hewasonceagainfound________________.有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。七、表语表语与其前的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。①WoulditbeconvenientforyouifwegotothebookshopthisSunday？②Althoughtheanswerseemedalittlestrange，nobodybutIdoubtedit.【即时演练】完成句子16．Severalminutespassedbutthewholeclasswas_________________.几分钟过去了，但是整个班级一片寂静。17．Ouraimis________________.我们的目的是帮助他们摆脱困境。八、同位语对句中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与该成分在语法上处于同等地位的成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。①MynameisLiJin，chairmanoftheStudentUnionofourschool.②WearegoingtothelocalnursinghomeforthecomingDoubleNinthFestival，aholidayforustoshowourrespectfortheelderly.【即时演练】完成句子18．ZhangMing，________________，haswonthefirstprize.张明，一位来自中国的中学生，获得了一等奖。19．Iholdtheopinion__________________________.我认为，我们应该帮助他们克服目前的困难。单句跟踪演练Ⅰ.分析句子成分\f(Recently,①)eq\f(I,②)eq\f(havecarriedout,③)eq\f(asurvey,④)eq\f(amongthestudentsinourclass.,⑤)\f(Oneday,①)eq\f(someofmystudents,②)eq\f(weretalkingabout,③)eq\f(whatwewouldliketobeinthefuture.,④)\f(Music,①)eq\f(canmake,②)eq\f(ourmind,③)eq\f(inapeacefulstate,④)eq\f(afterawholedayoftiringwork.,⑤)\f(Themeeting,①)eq\f(heldyesterday,②)eq\f(wasimportant.,③)\f(Everyday,①)eq\f(he,②)eq\f(wasforced,③)eq\f(toworkfrommorningtillnight.,④)\f(Word,①)eq\f(came,②)eq\f(thatthemayorwouldpayavisittoourschoolnextweek.,③)Ⅱ.完成句子1．Ourclass________________tomakebetteruseofusedmaterials.我们班提出了更好地利用旧材料的想法。2．Sincethen，math________________，andIhavealsomaderapidprogressinit.从那时起，数学成了我最喜欢的学科之一，并且我在数学上也取得了巨大的进步。3．TolearnEnglishwell，weshouldfindopportunities________________.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。4．________________，Ibecamethefocusofthewholeclassandwasfullofgreatprideandconfidence.在那一时刻，我成为全班的焦点，充满了骄傲和自信。5．Ithink，goodbooksare________________tostudents.我认为好书对学生非常有价值。6．Thesedays,________________arenotuncommon，causingseriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。二简洁有力的五种基本句型写作运用探究句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，其实英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。五种基本句式如下：eq\x(\a\al(主语＋谓语不及物动词,主语＋谓语及物动词＋宾语,主语＋系动词＋表语,主语＋谓语及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语,主语＋谓语及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语))一、主语＋谓语(不及物动词)此句型中的谓语是不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的动词短语。本身句意完整，后面不需要宾语，但可以跟作句子状语的副词、介词短语、状语从句。①Actionspeakslouderthanwords.②Hardworkpaysoff.【即时演练】完成句子1．We________________.我们站在他身边，聚精会神地观看。2．Inordertokeepfit，we________________.为了身体健康，我们应该定期锻炼。3．Bathedinthesunshine，we________________.沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。二、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语此句型中的谓语动词需要用及物动词，其后必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。①Unfortunately,Ican'tmakeit.②We'llgoandmakedumplingsandcakeswiththeelderlypeoplethere.③Wemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities.温馨提示：该句型的谓语动词应当为及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面要跟介词才能跟宾语。如：Asanoutgoinggirl，Igetalongwellwithmyclassmates.【即时演练】完成句子4．________________________anInternationalHighSchoolStudentPhotographyShow.我们学校的摄影俱乐部即将举行国际高中学生摄影展。5．Wemay________________todealwithsuchasituation.我们或许有各种不同的方法来处理这种情况。三、主语＋系动词＋表语此句型也可以称为主系表结构。侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词常用系动词be，表语必须用可以表示主语身份、状态的形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或分词等来构成复合谓语。However，IamnotquitesureofthelanguageandtheformatI'veused.②Suchapositiveattitudetowardslifecanbehelpfulinliftingyourspirits.③ThepurposeofthisprogramistodevelopourinterestinEnglishlearningandpracticeabilitiesinlisteningandspeaking.【即时演练】完成句子6．Inmyopinion，apersonwithoutfriends________________________.在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。7．Inaword，________________.总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。8．Inconclusion，________________tohealththancitylife.总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。四、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语此句型中的谓语动词比较特殊，必须跟两个宾语，即指物的直接宾语和指人的间接宾语，句子意思才能表达完整。后跟双宾语的动词有：do，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，pay，send，show，tell，wish，write，buy，choose，fetch，bring，get，leave，make，order，play，save，sing，spare等。①Onlinevotingmayindeedofferpeoplemoreopportunitiestoparticipateinavarietyofsocialactivitieswithoutexpendingtoomucheffort.②Firstheshowedusthebasicstepsandskillsofmakingdoughfigurines.【即时演练】完成句子9．Twoyearsago，ourteacher________________inclass.两年前，我们的老师在课堂上为我们提供了一道数学难题的答案。10．________________onhowtolearnEnglishwell.格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。11．Fortunately，________________tointerview.幸运的是，她答应给我一个重新面试的机会。五、主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语此句型中的动词后跟一个宾语仍然不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个成分来补充说明宾语的情况，才能使句子意思完整。能作宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。①I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.②Obviously，agoodlearninghabitcanhelpustospeeduptoreachourdestinations.【即时演练】完成句子12．Iwill________________alltheway.我会一直牢记交通规则。13．Asahighschoolstudent，I________________.作为一名中学生，我认为数学是一门非常重要的学科。单句跟踪演练Ⅰ.判断下列句子所属的类型1．Inotherwords，wearethemasterofourownfuture._____________________________________________________________2．ThismorningourteachertoldussomethingabouttheHopeProjectinclass._____________________________________________________________3．Ablindmanwaswalkingslowlyandcarefullywithastickinhishand._____________________________________________________________4．Shouldwesacrificeourchildren'sfutureforourowninterests?_____________________________________________________________5．Friendsmademylifefullofexcitement，imaginationandromance._____________________________________________________________Ⅱ.按要求完成句子1．Nowadaysafter－classactivities________________inhighschools.现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语＋系动词＋表语)2．Wehaven'tdecided________________________________.我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语)3．Granny________________lastnight.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)4．Everymorningwehearhim________________.每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)5．________________isagoodhabit.早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语＋系动词＋表语，动名词作主语)6．________________inmyhometowninthepasttenyears.最近10年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语＋谓语)7．Youwillfind________________tosomuchknowledge.你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)8．Ireally________________tohelpmewithmymath.我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语)Ⅲ.用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式1．你已经让我了解了你们美丽的城市。_____________________________________________________________2．我将要告诉你有关我的家乡江城的一些事情。_____________________________________________________________3．这座城市位于长江沿岸。_____________________________________________________________4．它是一个供人们居住的美丽的地方。_____________________________________________________________5．近十年来它的经济一直在迅猛发展。_____________________________________________________________6．像污染一样的新问题正变得越来越严重。_____________________________________________________________7．江城应该科学地发展经济。_____________________________________________________________8．这种发展应该使得人们越来越幸福。_____________________________________________________________

三层次分明的并列句写作运用探究由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型是：简单句＋并列连词/连接副词＋简单句。并列句在书面表达中是非常实用的句式之一。并列连词其他意思相似的并列连词或副词表示句子间的关系and此外，而且also，besides，moreover,further－more，notonly...butalso...并列或递进but但是，然而however，yet，still，while，nevertheless转折，对比for因为/原因or或者，否则otherwise选择so因此，所以thus，therefore,consequently，accordingly结果①HereItrulyhopeyouwillcometoChinaagaininthefutureandthenwe'llholdmoreculturalactivities.②Itnotonlyaffectsoureverydaylife，butmayalsothreatenpeople'slives.③MostofmyclassmateswantedtogotoaparkwhileIhadanideaofgoingtoanicerplace.④I'dliketoknowtheclasssizeforIpreferasmallclass.⑤Withoutthem，peoplecouldnotenjoyharmonyorthecountrywouldbeinchaos.⑥Asamatteroffact，Icameacrosstheprobleminareferencebooktheotherday，soIgatheredmycourage，walkedtotheblackboardandworkeditoutinnotime.【即时演练】根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1．Thingswillturnforthebetterifwecanworkoutsomeparticipationrulesforpeopleto，Iholdapositiveattitudetowardson－linevoting.2．Tovote，________nottovote?Thisisaquestionthattroubleshimverymuch.3．Somechoosetoavoidthem________othersdecidetodealwiththem.4．First，myEnglishisverygood________I'mopen－mindedandwarm－hearted，________I'mgettingalongwellwitheveryone.5．Itmusthaverainedlastnight，________itiswetallover.并列连词构成的句式1．祈使句/名词词组＋and/or/otherwise＋陈述句(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句(祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句)Workhardandyouwillsucceed.(＝Ifyouworkhard，youwillsucceed.)(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句(名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more，another等词)Anothertry，andyou'llachieveasuccess.(3)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句Seizethechance，oryou'llregret.(4)名词词组＋or/otherwise＋陈述句Morehealthyfood，oryou'llbreakdownsoonerorlater.2．...when...……这时……(1)sbwasdoingsthwhen...某人正在做某事，这时……LastMonday，IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.(2)sbwasabouttodosthwhen...某人正要做某事，这时……Iwasabouttogiveupwhenmybestfriendencouragedmetogoon.(3)sbhadjustdonesthwhen...某人刚做完某事，这时……Ihadjustfinishedsweepingthefloorwhenthetelephonerang.【即时演练】根据汉语提示完成下列并列句6．________________Iheardaknockatthedoor.我正在家中写作业，这时听到一阵敲门声。7．Theprofessor________________whentheelectricityfailedsuddenly.教授的演讲刚刚开始这时突然停电了。8．________________thephonerang.他正要动身离开，这时电话铃响了。单句跟踪演练Ⅰ.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1．IworkedhardatEnglishanddevotedallmysparetimetopracticingit,________Ifailedtopassthemid－termexamination.2．Bydoingso，Ican________sharegoodideaswithothers________learntoexpressmyselfclearly.3．Theboy，beingpoor，couldn'taffordevenacandle,________heboredaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbor'shousetoreadatnight.4．Asaretiredeardoctor，IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearing________thosewithhearingloss.5．HalfofthegirlschoosefilmandTVstarsastheiridols,________48%oftheboysfavorsportsstars.6．Startoutrightaway,________you'llmissthefirsttrain.7．Standatadistanceoffivemeters________you'llbeabletoseetheoilpaintingbetter.8．About9：00lastnight，Iwasbusypreparingformytomorrow'stest________suddenlyloudnoisescameintomyroom.Ⅱ.用并列句完成句子1．Firstly，asastudent，themostimportantthingistostudy，________________forallofyoutobuildaneffectivemethodinyourstudy.首先，作为一名学生，最重要的是学习，因此你们所有人都有必要在学习中建立一个有效的方式。2．We________________itsuddenlybegantorain.我们正打算动身，突然天下起雨来了。3．________________，andyou'llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.找方法经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会向你敞开心扉。4．It________________，butalsogaveusrelaxationfromourstudy.它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。5．So，fromnowon，let's________________haveaheart－to－heartchatwithourparentsonceinawhile.因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行推心置腹的谈话。

四富有文采的状语从句写作运用探究状语从句主要包括时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、比较、方式、目的和结果状语从句。一、常见状语从句的类型及连词状语从句连词时间when，whenever，as，while，(ever)since，before，after，till，until，assoonas，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...，scarcely...when...，eachtime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime，themoment，theminute，thesecond，theday，immediately地点where，wherever条件if，unless，providing/provided(that)，supposing/suppose(that)，given(that)，aslongas，solongas，oncondition(that)，incase，onlyif原因because，as，since，nowthat，seeingthat，consideringthat，inthat让步though，although，evenif，eventhough，as，while，whatever，whoever，whenever，wherever，however，nomatter＋疑问词，whether...or...，whether...ornot比较as，than，thesameas，notso...as...，as...as...方式asif，asthough，as目的that，inorderthat，sothat，incase，forfear(that)，lest结果sothat，so...that...，such...that...，that①IfyoureturntoEngland，we'llmissyouverymuch.②Youknow，Ihaven'tseeneachothersinceheleft.③Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.④Hefeltsohappythathepraisedmeinpublic，sayingthatIwasanintelligentstudent.⑤Besides，IhavesuchagoodcommandofEnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.⑥Wheneveryouwanttoachievesomethinginlife，therewillbeproblemsofthisorthatkind.⑦Firstly，becausemyspokenEnglishisfluent，IthinkIamverysuitableforthisjob.【即时演练】用状语从句完成句子1．Atthebeginning，learningEnglishseemed________________Iwantedtogiveupwithouteventrying.起初，学英语看上去那么难以至于我还没尝试就想放弃。2．Theywalkedabout30miles________________.他们走了约30英里才看见一个村庄。3．________________，Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.尽管因特网有很大帮助，但我认为在上面花太多的时间不是好主意。，we'llwaitforyouattheschoolgateat9inthemorning.如果你想参加，我们将于上午9点在学校大门口等你。单句跟踪演练用状语从句翻译句子1．如果你对它感兴趣，告诉我一声我会发给你更多信息。____________________________________________________________________________2．当谈及选择时，我宁愿去旅游。____________________________________________________________________________3．如果方便的话，你可以在上午11点半到机场去接他吗？____________________________________________________________________________4．无论我做什么，我都会尽力做好。____________________________________________________________________________5．另外，我会告诉他你长得什么样，以便你们可以容易地找到对方。____________________________________________________________________________6．你读得越多，写得就越好。____________________________________________________________________________7．他把名字写下来以免忘记。____________________________________________________________________________8．只要你坚持下去，就一定会成功。____________________________________________________________________________五彰显实力的定语从句写作运用探究在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句，包括限制性和非限制性定语从句。一、定语从句的类型1．关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考标准范文中更是屡见不鲜。①Anystudentwhoisinterestediswelcometoparticipate.②Tobeginwith，thethemeoftheshowisEnvironmentalProtection，whichwillbenotonlymeaningfulbutalsointeresting.③Asonesayinggoes，“Practicemakesperfect.”2．关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句是指when，where，why引导的定语从句。①Duringholidayseasons，Iwillliveinthecountryside，wheretheairisfreshandpeoplearefriendly.②Ithinkthereasonwhyyouarealwaysangrymaybethehighpressureofstudy.③Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句①Whatimpressesusmostareyourartskills，inwhichyoushowedoutstandingtalent.②Speakingandlisteningareveryimportantforalanguagelearning，bywhichyouaresuretomakegreatprogress.③Ourclassalsohasproblemsofitsown，ofwhichthemostobviousoneisthestudents'laziness.【即时演练】用适当的关系词填空或“介词＋关系词”填空1．Those________dosimpleandordinaryjobsarealsopromotingthedevelopmentofthesociety.2．________weallknow，cleaningstreetsisoneofthehardestwork.3．Finally，Iwouldliketoaskafewquestionsabouthispersonallife,________mustbeveryinteresting.4．Iwillneverforgetthedays________weworkedinthesmalltown.5．ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,________shewenttohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.6．Theseactivitiesaretobeginateightthismorningindifferentplaces,________youwillbebroughtintothen.二、定语从句的写法定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：第一步：写出两个简单句。第二步：在一个简单句中找出一个要修饰的词汇，这个词在两个简单句中都要有。第三步：把另一个简单句改成定语从句，要特别注意关系词的选择。[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。①TheforeignerisfromCanada.②Hevisitedourclassyesterday.第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：theforeigner。第三步：用句②充当定语从句，theforeigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代theforeigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。Theforeignerwho/thatvisitedourclassyesterdayisfromCanada.【即时演练】用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句7．I'vealwayslongedforthewillbeabletobeindependentthen.______________________________________________________________8．Ihaveafatherisanengineer.______________________________________________________________9．Thisisthebestcanbeusedagainstpollution.______________________________________________________________10．Youknow，myuncleLiMingisgoingtothecitytoattendaninternationallivethere.______________________________________________________________11．WealllikeourEnglishhavelearnedalotfromher.______________________________________________________________单句跟踪演练Ⅰ.单句改错1．Thosehaveworkexperiencecanfindajobeasily.2．Thisisthefactorywevisiteditlastyear.3．Shehasbeenateacherfor30yearsintheplacewhereusedtobeapoorarea.4．Asachild，Jackstudiedinavillageschool，itisnamedafterhisgrandfather.5．IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.Ⅱ.用定语从句完成句子1．Inourdailylife，wewillhaveourownpointofviewaboutsomething，________________.在我们的日常生活中，我们对某件事情会有自己的不同于他人的观点。2．________________，ourfriendslendusahelpinghandwhenweneedhelpandtheyhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituations.我们都知道，当我们需要帮助时，我们的朋友会伸出援手，他们会帮我们渡过难关。3．Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplace________________inthatcountry.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。4．Firstofall，Iwillhaveawarmfamily______________.首先，我将有一个温暖的家庭，在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。5．Asailor________________willneverbecomeanexcellentsailor.没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。六灵活易用的名词性从句写作运用探究名词性从句是重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达之一。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词见下表：类别词义在从句中的作用连接词：that无任何词义仅起连接作用，不作成分连接词：whether，if是否起连接作用，不作成分连接代词：what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever有各自含义起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语连接副词：how，when，why，where，however，whenever，wherever有各自含义起连接作用，并在从句中作状语一、名词性从句的种类1．主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句Whoeverisinterestedinmakingsmallinventionscanjoininit.2．表语从句：在句子中起表语作用的从句①ThelastimportantthingyoushouldrememberisthatyouhavetosendthearticletomebeforeJune28th.②Todayiswhatwecanholdandmakeuseof.3．宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语①Hisuncletellshimthatifhiscousinwinsthecompetition，thefamilywillwinanoverseastourforfree.②IfIcouldinterviewhim，Iwouldaskhimwhatmadehimanastronautandhowhewastrained.4．同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的从句，用以解释或说明前面名词的具体内容①Thereisnodoubtthateveryoneneedstomaketheircontributiontoenvironmentprotection.②Hemadeapromisethathewouldnevercomelate.【即时演练】根据汉语提示完成下列名词性从句1．Iwouldalsoliketoknow____________Ihaveread.我想知道他在太空中的感觉如何以及太空旅游是否像我们读到的那样有趣。2．________________dependsmuchontheweather.那架延误的班机什么时候起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。3．________________childrentherearebadlyinneedofcareandhelp.毫无疑问，那里的孩子急需关爱和帮助。4．Andwewouldespeciallywelcomearticles________________，andthelifeofAmericanhighschoolstudents.我们特别欢迎关于美国人如何度过节假日以及美国高中生的生活的文章。5．Ithinkthat________________.我认为帮助父母做家务是我们的职责。二、名词性从句的写法在写作中，如果我们能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：第一步：写出两个简单句。第二步：让一个简单句作从句，要注意和另一个句子的关联性。第三步：把两个句子合成复合句，要特别注意连接词的选择和从句的语序。[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。①Hesaidalotatthemeeting.②Hiswordswereveryattractive.第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即whathesaidatthemeeting。第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。Whathesaidatthemeetingwasveryattractive.【即时演练】用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句6．Whendidyouentertheroom？Thepolicewantstoknowit.______________________________________________________________7．Thisismyofusaretostartat6o'clocktomorrowmorning.______________________________________________________________8．Shallwegopicnickingtomorrow?Itdependsontheweather.______________________________________________________________9．Ourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthenewsencouragedusallgreatly.______________________________________________________________单句跟踪演练Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空1．Listeningandspeakingis________myweaknesslieswhenitcomestoEnglish.2．IfIcouldinterviewhim，Iwouldaskhim________madehimanastronautand________hewastrained.3．________weneedmostarepopularsciencebooks.4．Iamwondering________youcanhelpmesellsome.5．Oneday，sheheardthenews________thesportsmeetingwouldbeheld.Ⅱ.用名词性从句完成句子1．Thenews________________soonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。2．________________wasthattheyallhadhadprofessionaltraining.使我印象最深的是，他们都经过了专业培训。3．________________youcangivemesomeadviceonhowtomakefriends.我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交友的建议。4．____________somepeoplebecomeill____________theydon'ttakeexercise.一些人生病的原因是他们不锻炼。5．________________aperson'seducationisthemostimportantaspectofhislife.没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。

七提升档次的非谓语动词写作运用探究众所周知，作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味，句子与句子之间的关系显得松散；而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘，读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词不仅使句型多样，而且使习作结构紧凑。一、非谓语动词的分类1．不定式①I'msorrytosaythatIcannotgotothebookstorewithyouonFridayafternoon.②Weshouldtakepainstoimproveourselvesthroughlearningandgetpreparedforthefuture.2．动名词①Doingthesamesportsontheplaygroundgivesustheopportunitytopromoteourfriendship.②Questioningcanleadtosearchingforananswer.3．现在分词Inthepicture，wecanseeaboyinwornclothes，sittingatashabbywoodentablewithapileofbooksonit.4．过去分词①Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.②Comparedwiththeescapeddriver，IamproudofwhatIdid.【即时演练】完成句子1．_____________，weareallfilledwithjoyandcheer.听说你将成为我们的一名新成员，我们心里充满了兴奋和快乐。2．Anothersuggestionis________________.还有一项建议是练习说的能力。3．Hopefully，thesebookswillhelpthestudents________________.让人满怀希望的是，这些书籍将有助于学生更好地了解和学习汉语。4．________________yourtemperinthiswaycanavoidhurtingothers.用这种方式释放自己的情绪能避免伤害别人。5．________________，wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.天气允许的话，我们明天去郊游。二、运用非谓语动词转换简单句写作时，我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换，使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用“三步法”：第一步：写出两个简单句。第二步：找准两个简单句的对接点，让一个句子作为主干，另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。第三步：判断应用何种非谓语动词，把握好时态和语态，最后连接起来。[示例]第一步：写出两个简单句。①Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCulture”．②ItaimstointroduceAmericancustomsandthelifeofhighschoolstudents.第二步：让句①作主句，用非谓语动词改写句②。第三步：让句②作定语，由于其动词aim与主语it之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作定语。Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCulture”，aimingtointroduceAmericancustomsandthelifeofhighschoolstudents.【即时演练】用非谓语动词进行句型转换6．AllthepeoplehereliketheiswrittenbyTom.(用过去分词作定语)→__________________________________________________________________________7．Theboycametoschoollatemadetheteacherveryangry.(用动名词作主语)→__________________________________________________________________________8．Theboysweremakingthemostofwantedtofinishtheworkearlier.(用不定式作目的状语)→__________________________________________________________________________三、运用非谓语动词转换复合句用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些，因为需转换的一般是从句部分，这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词，再把握好时态和语态即可，所以只需两步。[示例]第一步：写出复合句。Sinceyouhaverealizedthatyourtimeislimited，you'llhavetostudyforyourgoalswithoutangerorhesitation.第二步：把since引导的原因状语从句转换为非谓语动词，realize与you之间为主谓关系，且表示完成，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。Havingrealizedthatyourtimeislimited，you'llhavetostudyforyourgoalswithoutangerorhesitation.【即时演练】用非谓语动词进行句型转换9．Whenwearefacedwithdifficulties，weneedfriendstogiveuscomfortandhelp.→________________，weneedfriendstogiveuscomfortandhelp.10．WhenIsawacarrunningtowardsher，Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback.→________________，Ireachedmyhandoutandpulledherback.11．Afterwehadpracticedplayingbasketballforalmosttwomonths，westronglydesiredtobethewinner.→________________，westronglydesiredtobethewinner.单句跟踪演练用非谓语动词进行句型转换1．Weweretouchedbytheteacher'sdecidedtoworkhard.→__________________________________________________________________________2．Ifeelquitesorryforbegintothinkaboutwhattodotohelp.→__________________________________________________________________________3．BecauseIwasamazedathowskillfultheywere，Ideterminedtobejustasgood.→__________________________________________________________________________4．BecauseIhadpaidavisittotheplace，Iwillgosomewhereelsethisyeartospendmysummervacation.→__________________________________________________________________________5．Asthesocietydevelopsrapidly，it'snecessaryforustohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer.→__________________________________________________________________________

八吸引眼球的高级词汇与复杂句式（一）写作运用探究写作时，如果仅局限在把内容交代清楚这一层次，只选用一些普通的词，或一律使用简单句平铺直叙，那么习作就会显得呆板、单调，没有可读性。要想写出高分作文，不仅要把要求表述清楚，而且还要尝试使用高级词汇与复杂句式。如能运用恰当，哪怕只用上一、两处，也会为习作增添色彩，给阅卷老师留下深刻的印象。一、运用高级词汇三原则1．标新立异恰当地使用一些蕴含感情色彩或其他考生不容易想到的高级词汇，会彰显自己的水平。①I'llthankyouifyouthinkaboutmysuggestion.→I'llappreciateitifyoutakemysuggestionintoconsideration.②Ireceivedyouremaillastweek，butIambusypreparingformyfinalexam，whichisimportantforme，soIdidn'treplytoyouwithoutdelay.→Ireceivedyouremaillastweek，butIambusypreparingformyfinalexam，whichisvitalforme，soIdidn'treplytoyouwithoutdelay.③Asaresulttheplanwasafailure.→Theplanturnedouttobeafailure.④We'lltryourbesttoimprovethew