高考英语一轮习题精准练练之七选五

高考英语一轮习题精准练练之七选五（A）It'simpossibletoprovideanexactnumberofwordsinEnglish,sincenewwordsarebeingaddedtothedictionary,andfallingoutofuseconstantly.1Theshortansweris:aboutamillion.Doubtyouknowanythingevenclosetoamillionwords?Thatnumberincludesanynumberoflegal,medical,scientific,andmechanicaltermsthatmostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirday-to-daylives.2

The“million”numberalsoincludesthemany,manywordsthathavefallenoutofusethroughoutthetime.3Considertheword“diddle”,aslangtermfromthe1700sthatmeans“gin”.ManyEnglishspeakerswouldrecognize“gin”,butfarfewerwouldrecognize“diddle”.

Ifamillionwordsistheabsoluteupperlevel,howdoesthatcomparewiththegeneralvocabularyofmostEnglishspeakers?4MostEnglish-speakingadultsknowbetween20,000and30,000words.Andinadditiontothosemanythousandsofwords,they'reprobablyabletocomprehendagood20,000morejustfromcontextclues.

5Youwon'tfindasingledictionarythatincludesanywhereclosetothetotalmillionwords.Oneofthereasonsisthatgeneral-usagedictionariesdon'tincludelotsoftechnicalterms—bothbecausehowuncommontheyareand,insomecases,becauseoflength.ThelongestwordintheEnglishlanguageisatermfromchemistrythatisusedtoidentifyacertainkindofprotein.Itis180,000letterslong.Soyoucertainlywon'tseeitinthedictionary.

A.Butwhat'sthenumber?B.Morethanyoumightthink!C.Thatdoesn'tamounttoawholelot,though!D.Then,howmanywordsarethereinthebook?E.Whilewordsliketheseareveryuncommon,theystillcount.F.Ifyourecognizetheseuncommonwords,wesadlynolongerusethem.G.Thoughremovedfromthedictionary,theystillcountasEnglishwords.序号选项（B）Studieshaveshownthatdrinkingwateronanemptystomachcanhelpincreasemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateupby30%.1.Youknowwhatthatmeans,right?—Quickerweightloss!2,thenyouwillbeabletodigestfoodfasterandmaintainaslimfiguredespiteeatingthoseextracalories.However,thisdoesn'tguaranteeyoutobitedownonallthatjunkfood.Furthermore,youwillneedtoaddinaroundfourlitresofwaterintoyourdailyroutineforbestresults.

Constipation(便秘)isoneofthemostpainfulconditionswhichalsoresultsinremainsofpoisonoussubstancesinsidethebody.Butdidyouknowthatoneoftheotherbenefitsofdrinkingwateristhatithelpstoclearoutyourbowels?Thecolon(结肠),whichisinpartresponsibleforbowelmovements,requireswatertofunctionproperly.3.

Drinkingwateronanemptystomachespeciallyifit'shot,canimprovethehealthofyournervoussystem.Intheearlymorning,thestomachismostreceptive.Atthismoment,ifyoulovecoffee,whichmakesthecentralnervoussystemstimulant(使兴奋的),yournervoussystemwillbeaffectedfromtheget-go.4,itcanproperlysupplywatertoyournervoussystem,whichwillhelpitfunctionproperly.

Again,ifyouarelikelytosuffermigraineattacks,thenwatercanhelpfightitoff.5.Sojustbyincreasingyourwaterintake,youarebasicallypreventingyourchancesfromsufferinganotherheadacheattack.Thisisespeciallysowhenyouaredrinkingwateronanemptystomach,asyourbodydidn'tgetanyliquidwhenyouwereasleep.

A.IfyourmetabolicrateishigherB.IfyoujusthaveaglassofwarmwaterinsteadC.WhenyourskinisproperlycontainingcombinedwaterinsideD.ThismeansthattherateatwhichcaloriesareburnedincreasesbynearlyonethirdE.SojustdrinkdownaglassofwaterandsitonyourtoiletforacleancolonF.YourdoctormighthavealreadytoldyouthatheadacheshappenduetoalackofwaterG.Besides,weallknowthathavingahealthyappetiteisgoodforoverallhealth序号选项（C）Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.1Oncethedoctorsgettoyou,theyexamineyouandtakebloodsamples,buttheywon'tbeabletohelpyouuntiltheytakethesamplesbacktothehospitaltofindoutwhatiswrong.2ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.Hehasinventedanappthatturnsyourmobilephoneintoadiagnostic(诊断的)tool.

Ozcan'sinventionisimportantbecauseitisveryaccurateandeasytouse.Inmanyremoteplaces,evenifdoctorshavemicroscopesandotherinstrumentstohelpthemmakediagnoses,theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don'thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.3WithOzcan'smobilephoneapp,healthworkerscantakeaspecialphotoofabloodsampleandsendittoacentralcomputeratahospital.Thecomputerwillthenautomaticallyinterpretthephotoandsendadiagnosisbackinafewminutes.

4HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.Asmorethanfourbillionpeoplealreadyhavecellphones,thecostofestablishingthediagnosticsystemisfairlylow.

Byinventingamedicaltoolthatusesexistingtechnology—mobilephones—Ozcanhasdevelopedamedicaltoolthatisbothpracticalandeconomical.Therefore,itcanbeusedeffectivelyalmostanywhere.5

A.AnotherreasonwhyOzcan'sinventionisimportantisthatitisinexpensive.B.Eventhoughyoumayonlyhaveasimpleinfection(感染),youmightdiebecauseofthedelay.C.Peoplearetryingtoreducethecostofthisnewmedicaltool.D.Ozcan'ssimple,cost-effectivetoolmightsavemillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.E.Thistoolhasbecomemuchmorepopularallaroundtheworld.F.Youbecomeverysickandmustwaitdaysuntilamobilemedicalunitarrivestohelp.G.Asaresult,theymaydiagnoseillnessesincorrectly.序号选项（D）Everyminute,everysingleday,aboutatruckloadofplasticentersouroceans.1Andtodate,only9%ofthathasbeenrecycled.

Webuyabottleofwater,drinkitforafewminutes,andtossitspermanentpackaging“away”.Weeatpotatochips,finishthem,andthenthrowtheirpermanentpackaging“away”.Webuyproduce,takeitoutoftheunnecessaryplasticwrap,andthenthrowitspermanentpackaging“away”.Thecycleisendless,andithappenscountlesstimeseverysingleday.2Asfaraswetrytotossapieceofplastic—whetherit'sintoarecyclingbinornot—itdoesnotdisappear.Chancesarethatitendsuppollutingourcommunities,oceansorwaterwaysinsomeforms.

Foryears,we'vebeentoldtheproblemofplasticpackagingcanbesolvedthroughbetterindividualaction.3Butthetruthisthatwecannotrecycleourwayoutofthismess.

Recyclingalonewillneverstoptheflowofplasticsintoouroceans;wehavetogettothesourceoftheproblemandslowdowntheproductionofallthisplasticwaste.Thinkaboutit:ifyourhomewasfloodingbecauseyouhadleftthetapon,yourfirststepwouldn'tbetostartmopping.You'dfirstcutthefloodingoffatitssource—thetap.4

Weneedcorporations—thoselikeCoca-Cola,Unilever,StarbucksandNeatléthatcontinuetoproducethrowawayplasticbottles—tostepupandtaketheirresponsibilityforthemessthey'vecreated.5Wewillcontinuetodoourpart,butit'stimefortheworld'slargestcorporationstodotheirs.

A.Thisistheirproblemtodealwith.B.Plasticpollutionisbecomingveryserious.C.Buthereistheproblem—thereisno“away”.D.Inmanyways,ourplasticproblemisnodifferent.E.Wethinkthatifwesimplyrecyclewe'redoingourpart.F.It'simpossibleforustogetridofplasticpollutioncompletely.G.Sincethe1950s,some8.3bntonsofplastichavebeenproducedworldwide.序号选项（E）Asisknowntoall,sleepisveryimportanttohumans.Butit’simportanttoanimals,too.Atnightyouhardlyhearabird.1．Haveyoueverwonderedhowbirdssleep?2．Birdsoftensleepwithoneeyeopen.Onlyhalftheirbrainrestsatonceandtheotherhalfofthebrainisabletosensedangerifneeded.Whiletheexactwaybirdscontroltheirsleeppatternshasnotbeenwellstudied,ithasbeenshownthatthemoreprotectedabirdfeelswhensleeping,themorelikelyitistosleepdeeper.Sleepingtogetherinlargenumbersisanotherwaymanybirdsuse.Bysleepingtogether,therearemorebirdstonoticepredators(捕食者).3．Inwinter,manybirdsroosttogetherinlimitedspacestosharebodyheatandsurvivelowernight-timetemperatures.Whenbirdssleep,theyprotectvulnerable(易受伤害的)bodypartsbyburyingthemselvesintheirfeathers.4．Bytucking(收拢)feetorthebillintothefeathers,lessbodyheatislost.Whenabird’sbillisburieddeeplyinitsfeathers,itisalsoabletobreatheairwarmedbyitsownbodyheat.Thereislittledataavailableabouthowlongbirdssleeponce.5．Somebirdsarenotabletoinvolveinotheractivitieswithoutenoughlight,andsleepingisthenextnaturalitemontheirto-dolists.A．Abird’sfeathershelpitkeepwarm.B．Birdsarerarelyseensleeping.C．That’sbecausethey’resleepingatnight,too.D．Itgiveseachbirdagreaterchanceofsurvival.E.Abirdmaybesleepyinthedaytimeforlackofsleep.F.Sothelengthofbirdssleeppernightisstillunknown.G.Unlikehumans,birdscanmorecarefullycontroltheirsleep.序号选项（F）TherewasatimewhenIwasveryconcernedaboutwhatotherpeoplethoughtofme,especiallywhenIwasmisunderstoodandlabeledincorrectly.1．Ofcourse,youneedtodosomethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyouarestuckinsuchasimilarsituation.●Identifyandunderstandwhyyoucare.Whatmakeswhatotherpeoplethinkofyousoimportant?Ifotherpeople'sopinionscauseyoutoworry,chancesarethatyouhaveatendencytobepleased.Beingfavoredmightbeawinningformulaforyouinthepast.2．Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.●Understandyoucan'tcontrolothers.Therealityisthatyoucannotcontrolwhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.Whatmostpeopledon'tunderstandisthatweoftenformopinionsofothersbasedonassociationswehadinthepast.Andthebottomlineisthatit'snoneofyourbusinesswhatanotherpersonthinksofyou.3．●Practicedailyself-loveandacceptance.Yoursituationmaycomefromaconceptthatwearenotasworthyasanotherpersonandourneedsarenotasimportantastheirs.Recognizeyouareequaltoeveryotherperson.4．Weallhavedifferentrolesbutthatdoesnotmakeanyonemorevaluableasahumanbeing.●Livealifethatpleasesyou.Constantworryaboutwhatothersthinkofyoumustcreateconsiderablestressandwillimpactyourrelationships,yourhealth,andyourpeaceofmind.●5．Youwillnotneedtobeconcernedwiththefewpeoplewhojustdon'tseemtounderstandyou.Youcanliveyourfulfillinglifeandtheycanlivetheirs.A．That'shisorherprivateviews.B．Don'ttakeyourroletoyourheart.C．Everyonedeservesrespectandadmiration.D．Staytruetoyourvaluesanddoyourownthing.E.That'stosay,thereisnooneaboveorbelowyou.F.Certainly,thereareadvantagestohavingsomeone'shighregard.G.Caringtoomuchabouttheirviewswasenergy-consumingandunnecessary.序号选项（G）Lastyear,IacceptedanoverseasjobinasmalltownofChinaasanEnglishteacher.Ihadbeenthereforonlyafewdays,andIwasalreadyfeelinghomesick.Forsomereason,Ihadanurge(冲动)tomakesomefreshbread,soIdecidedtogotothestoretobuysomeflour.____1____,IthoughtIwouldfindwhereflourwasdisplayed(陈列).ThesmalltownwhereIlivedhadonetinystore.Iwalkedaroundthestoreafewtimes,butIdidnotseeabagofanythingthatappearedtobeflour.Iwantedtoaskoneofthethreesaleswomenwheretheflourwas,butIdidnotknowthewordfor“flour.”Justthen,Isawoneofmystudentsleavingthestore.Irantohimandasked,“Howdoyousay‘flour’?”____2____.IranbackintothestoreandfoundoneofthesaleswomenandaskedinChinese,“Nihao,huazainali?”Thewomanmovedasquicklyasshecouldtothefarrightsideofthestore.Finally,Ithoughttomyself,“I’mgoingtobeabletomakebread.”____3___whenthewoman,pointedtosomeredroses.AtfirstIwasconfused,butsuddenlyitallmadesense.____4____WhenIaskedmystudentfortheChinesewordfor“flour”,Ididnotspecify(详细说明)whetherImeant“flour”or“flower”.Ididnotbuyanyrosesthatnight.____5____.MyverylimitedknowledgeofChinesecausedmetogohomeempty-handed.However,Ilearnedthevalueofsimplevocabularyinspeakingasecondlanguage.A.IwasnotabletofindthefloureitherB.However,myhopeendedratherquicklyC.Hetoldmeeffortlesslythatthewordwas“hua”D.AlthoughIknewmyChineseskillswerelimitedE.AsItriedtothinkofhowtosay“flour”usingdifferentwordsF.Iwasstandinginfrontoftheflowerdisplay,nottheflourdisplayG.Flourusuallycomesinabagwithpicturesofbiscuitsorbreadonit序号选项参考答案(A)1.A过渡句。由下一句“简而言之,答案是:大约一百万。”可知,承接下文,A选项“但是数量是多少?”切题;该选项中的thenumber对应下一句的aboutamillion。故选A项。2.E归纳句。由上一句“这个数字包括许多法律、医学、科学和机械术语,大多数人在日常生活中永远不会遇到这些术语。”可知,承接上文,E选项“虽然像这样的单词很少见,但它们仍然很重要。”切题;该选项中的veryuncommon对应上一句的mostpeoplewillnevermeetintheirday-to-daylives。故选E项。3.G细节句。由上一句“‘百万’这个数字还包括了许多许多在这段时间里已经不再使用的词。”和本段下两句的“想想‘diddle’这个词,一个17世纪的俚语,意思是‘gin’。许多讲英语的人会认出‘gin’,但很少有人会认出‘diddle’。”可知,承接上下文,G选项“虽然已从词典中删去,但它们仍算作英语单词。”切题。故选G项。4.B细节句。由下一句“大多数说英语的成年人知道20000到30000个单词。”可知,承接下文,B选项“比你想象的还要多!”切题;该选项指与大多数英语使用者的一般词汇相比,词汇量很大。故选B项。5.D主旨句。由下一句“你找不到一本字典,里面有接近一百万个单词。”可知,承接下文,D选项“那么,这本书有多少字?”切题;该选项中的thebook和howmanywords对应下一句的asingledictionary和thetotalmillionwords。故选D项。(B)1.D过渡句。根据前文Studieshaveshownthatdrinkingwateronanemptystomachcanhelpincreasemetabolic(新陈代谢的)rateupby30%.可知,空腹喝水,(人的)代谢率会上升30%。承接上文,D项Thismeansthattherateatwhichcaloriesareburnedincreasesbynearlyonethird.(这意味着卡路里燃烧率也上升了大约三分之一)切题。故选D项。2.A细节句。根据后文thenyouwillbeabletodigestfoodfasterandmaintainaslimfiguredespiteeatingthoseextracalories可知A项切题,故选A项。3.E细节句。根据前文Thecolon(结肠),whichisinpartresponsibleforbowelmovements,requireswatertofunctionproperly.可知,结肠在一定程度上负责肠道运动,它需要水才能正常工作。承接上文,E项切题,正是因为结肠需要水,所以才要喝水来清理肠道。故选E项。4.B细节句。根据上文Atthismoment,ifyoulovecoffee,whichmakesthecentralnervoussystemstimulant(使兴奋的),yournervoussystemwillbeaffectedfromtheget-go.可知,早晨空腹的时候,如果你爱喝咖啡,这会使中枢神经系统兴奋,你的神经系统会从一开始就受到影响;根据下文itcanproperlysupplywatertoyournervoussystem,whichwillhelpitfunctionproperly可知,它可以为你的神经系统提供适当的水,这将有助于神经系统正常工作。B项承上启下,与前后文呼应,故选B项。5.F过渡句。根据后文Sojustbyincreasingyourwaterintake,youarebasicallypreventingyourchancesfromsufferinganotherheadacheattack.可知,只要增加水的摄入量,基本上就可以防止你再次遭受头痛的发作。F项切题,因为缺水会头痛,所以只要多喝水,就可以防止头痛再次发生。故选F项。(C)1.F根据Imaginethatyouareinaremotevillagesomewherewithnomedicalclinic.(想象一下,你在某个没有医疗诊所的偏远村庄)可知此处应填“你病得很重,必须等待几天,直到一个移动医疗单位来帮你”。故选F。2.B根据ThankstoengineerAndyOzcan,manypeoplemayneverbeinthissituation.(多亏了工程师AndyOzcan,许多人可能永远不会处于这种情况)可知此处应填“即使你可能只是简单的感染,你可能会因为延迟而死亡”。故选B。3.G根据上文Inmanyremoteplaces,...theremaystillbeotherproblems.Manydoctors,forexample,don'thaveenoughtrainingtocorrectlyinterpretwhattheysee.可知,这里说明的是由于知识、设备等原因,遥远地区的诊断会出现很多问题,那么诊断肯定会出现不准确的情况,G项符合这一逻辑。4.A根据HistechnologyonlyrequiresamobilephoneandanInternetconnection.(他的技术只需要一部移动电话和互联网连接。)可知此处应选A。5.D根据Therefore,itcanbeusedeffectivelyalmostanywhere.(因此,它几乎可以在任何地方有效使用。)可知此处应选D。(D)1.G下句中的关键词only9%ofthat暗示上文提到了塑料的数量,G项中的some8.3bntonsofplastic可与下文有效衔接起来。故选G。2.C上段中的三个并列的句子中出现了三次“away”,正好与C项中的thereisno“away”相呼应。故选C。3.E设空处下一句指出仅仅靠个人循环利用塑料制品是不够的,这正好与E项中的“wesimplyrecycle”相呼应,故选E。4.D在设空处上文中,作者通过房子自来水漏水的事例,说明解决问题应该抓住源头。结合本文语篇主题,解决塑料污染也是一样的道理。故选D。5.A根据设空处上下文的大意可知,作者在呼吁企业承担自己应有的责任来解决塑料污染问题,A项中的theirproblem与上句的theirresponsibility指代一致。故选A。(E)1．根据空格前一句“Atnightyouhardlyhearabird(晚上几乎听不到鸟叫声)”可知，此处提及鸟在晚上几乎不叫。由此推知，空格处应该解释鸟为什么在晚上不叫。那么C项That’sbecausethey’resleepingatnight,too.(那是因为它们晚上也睡觉)解释其原因。故选C。2．根据下文“Birdsoftensleepwithoneeyeopen.Onlyhalftheirbrainrestsatonceandtheotherhalfofthebrainisabletosensedangerifneeded.(鸟儿睡觉时常常睁一只眼。他们只有一半的大脑同时休息，另一半的大脑能够在需要的时候感知危险)”可知，本段主要介绍鸟类在睡觉时十分小心。那么G项Unlikehumans,birdscanmorecarefullycontroltheirsleep(与人类不同，鸟类可以更小心地控制自己的睡眠)引出本段。故选G。3．根据空格前一句“Bysleepingtogether,therearemorebirdstonoticepredators(通过睡在一起，有更多的鸟注意到捕食者)”可知，此处介绍了鸟类在一起睡觉可以注视到捕食者，所以空格应该讲述这样做会带来的好处。那么D项Itgiveseachbirdagreaterchanceofsurvival(这给了每只鸟更大的生存机会)承接上文。故选D。4．根据空格前一句“Whenbirdssleep,theyprotectvulnerablebodypartsbyburyingthemselvesintheirfeathers.(当鸟类睡觉时，它们用羽毛保护脆弱的身体部位)”可知，鸟类的羽毛可以保护其脆弱的部分。再结合空格后一句“Bytuckingfeetorthebillintothefeathers,lessbodyheatislost.(通过把脚或嘴塞进羽毛里，减少了身体热量的流失)”可知，空格处应该介绍羽毛的作用。那么A项Abird’sfeathershelpitkeepwarm.(鸟的羽毛帮助它保暖)介绍了其作用。故选A。5．根据空格前一句“Thereislittledataavailableabouthowlongbirdssleeponce.(关于鸟类一次睡眠时间的数据很少)”可知，关于鸟类睡眠时间的记录很少。由此推知，空格处应该说明鸟类的睡眠的时间依然是个谜。那么F项Sothelengthofbirdssleeppernightisstillunknown.(因此，鸟类每晚睡眠的长度仍然是未知的)承接上文。故选F。(F)1．后文“Ofcourse,youneedtodosomethingtoletgoofthatmentalsufferingifyouarestuckinsuchasimilarsituation.”提及，陷入类似情况要做一些事情来释放精神痛苦，所以说明过分关注他们的观点是一件耗精力，不必要的事，故选G。2．下文“Butifitdoesn'tcomeasexpected,justbeyourself.”说明但是事与愿违，表转折，说明