2022年高考冲刺英语冲刺分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解

2022年高考英语真题分类汇编专题10：议论文类阅读理解一、阅读理解〔共5题〕1.〔2022•北京〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon'tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams(欺诈).Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoolittle,toolate.Bythetimethese"solutions"(解决方案)becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it'snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingisactuallyreal.

That'sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation(处理)andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear'sI/OConference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman—soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.ThereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecisionAdecadeofdatabreaches(数据侵入)ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they'reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans,forexample,thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller's,rickingyouinto"confirming"youraddress,mother'sname,andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdata-basedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtoharderfromhereonout.〔1〕Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstoproblemofrobocalls?A.

Panicked

B.

Confused

C.

Embarrassed

D.

Disappointed〔2〕takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,scammercan________.A.

aimatvictimsprecisely

B.

damagedatabaseseasily

C.

startcampaignsrapidly

D.

spreadinformationwidely〔3〕Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.

Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.

Technologiescanbedouble-edited.

C.

Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.

Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.〔4〕Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.

WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocalls

C.

WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D.

HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology2.〔2022•江苏〕请认真阅读以下短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?

Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"post-industrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造业)withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuycomputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecometobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.〔1〕Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.A.

alackofconfidenceintechnology

B.

aslowprogressintechnology

C.

aconflictofpublicopinions

D.

awasteoflimitedresources〔2〕TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.A.

takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.

maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeople

C.

ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.

providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities〔3〕Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.

Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

B.

Believingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

C.

Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

D.

Over-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.〔4〕Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

B.

Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

C.

Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

D.

Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.3.〔2022•天津〕阅读理解

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote〔?堂吉诃德?〕.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos〔自我〕,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate〔视……等同于〕"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.〔1〕ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.A.

lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativityB.

ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.

miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.

disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess〔2〕WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.

Endone'sstruggleforliberty.

B.

Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.

Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.

Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.〔3〕WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?A.

Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.

Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.

Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.

Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.〔4〕WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?A.

AtoughmancantoleratesufferingB.

Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.

Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.

Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.〔5〕Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.

Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.

Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.

Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.

Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.4.〔2022•全国Ⅲ〕阅读理解

ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative.

"It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.

Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.

"Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.

ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina-itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."〔1〕WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.

Itpromotedthesalesofartworks.

B.

Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.

C.

ItshowedancientChineseclothes.

D.

ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.〔2〕WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.

Theyaresettingthefashion.

B.

Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.

C.

Theyadmiresupermodels.

D.

Theydobusinessallovertheworld.〔3〕Whatdotheunderlinedwords

"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.

learningfrom

B.

lookingdownon

C.

workingwith

D.

competingagainst〔4〕Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorld

B.

AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYork

C.

DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAesthetics

D.

ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends5.〔2022•全国Ⅰ〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。

Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.

Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables'plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere'sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.

Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein'sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are"mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandriskybehavior."

Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(调查研究)."Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadt