八年级上册数学全等三角形各节同步练习

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业八年级课程练习数学上册目录第十一章全等三角形···········································································1§11.1全等三角形·········································································1§11.2三角形全等的判定（1）（2）························································3§11.2三角形全等的判定（3）（4）························································5§11.2三角形全等的判定（5）（6）························································9§11.3角的平分线的性质（1）（2）·······················································13第十二章轴对称················································································17§12.1轴对称（1）（2）（3）·······························································17§12.2作轴对称图形····································································23§12.2.1作轴对称图形（1）（2）·························································§12.2.2用坐标表示轴对称·····························································§12.3等腰三角形·······································································29§12.3.1等腰三角形（1）（2）（3）·································§12.3.2等边三角形（1）（2）···················································第十三章实数··················································································39§13.1平方根（1）（2）（3）································································39§13.2立方根（1）（2）·····································································45§13.3实数（1）（2）·······································································49第十四章一次函数··············································································53§14.1变量与函数·········································································53§14.1.1变量············································································§14.1.2函数（1）（2）·····································································§14.1.3函数的图象（1）（2）····························································§14.2一次函数··········································································61§14.2.1正比例函数····································································§14.2.2一次函数（1）（2）·······························································§14.2.2一次函数（3）（4）·······························································§14.3用函数观点看方程（组）与不等式··············································71§14.3.1一次函数与一元一次方程·····························§14.3.2一次函数与一元一次不等式················································§14.3.3一次函数与二元一次方程（组）·············································§14.4课题学习（1）（2）··································································77第十五章整式的乘除与因式分解······························································79§15.1整式的乘法·········································································79§15.1.1同底数幂的乘法································································§15.1.2幂的乘方·········································································§15.1.3积的乘方····························································§15.1.4整式的乘法·························································§15.2乘法公式··········································································87§15.2.1平方差公式·····································································§15.2.2完全平方公式······················································§15.3整式的除法·········································································91§15.3.1同底数幂的除法································································§15.3.2整式的除法·························································§15.4因式分解··········································································95§15.4.1提公因式法·························································§15.4.2公式法（1）（2）·····························第十一章全等三角形达标检测（A）·······················································101第十一章全等三角形达标检测（B）·······················································103第十二章轴对称达标检测（A）······························································105第十二章轴对称达标检测（B）······························································107第十三章实数达标检测（A）································································109第十三章实数达标检测（B）································································111第十四章一次函数达标检测（A）··························································113第十四章一次函数达标检测（B）··························································115第十五章整式的乘除与因式分解达标检测（A）·········································119第十五章整式的乘除与因式分解达标检测（B）·········································121期中检测试题···················································································125期末检测试题···················································································133第十一章全等三角形§11.1全等三角形一、选择题1.下列说法：①全等三角形的周长相等；②全等三角形的面积相等；③周长相等的两个三角形全等；④全等三角形的对应边相等.其中正确的有（）.ABCDE（第2题）A.1个B.2个ABCDE（第2题）2.如图，△≌△，和、和是对应点，如果=4cm,=6cm,=5cm,那么的长是（）.A.5cmB.6cmC.43.如果△≌△，那么对应角,书写正确的是（）.A.∠=∠，B.∠=∠，C.∠=∠，D.∠=∠，（第4题）ABDC4.如图，△≌△，∠=（第4题）ABDC中错误的是（）.A.∥B.∥C.=D.=二、填空题5.能够的两个图形，叫全等形，能够的两个三角形，叫做全等三角形，叫做对应顶点，叫做对应边，叫做对应角.6.一个图形经过、、后，位置变化了，但、都没有变化，所以变换前后的两个图形全等.7.已知：△≌△，则对应角有（第8题）ABC（第8题）ABCDEF8.如图，将长方形沿折叠，使点落在边的点处，如果∠=60°，则=.三、解答题9.如图，若把△沿直线翻折得到△，，比长多少？为什么？AABCO（第9题）10.如图，△△，∠=∠，°，（第10题）ABCEDO∠.（第10题）ABCEDO（第11题）ABCEF11.如图，已知：点、在上，△（第11题）ABCEF点和点，点和点是对应顶点，找出图中所有的相等线段和相等的角.（第12题）ABCDEF12.如图，已知△≌△，与、（第12题）ABCDEF§11.2三角形全等的判定（1）（第1（第1题）ABDEC1.如图，已知：，则可推出（）.A.△≌△B.△≌△C.△≌△D.△≌△ACDEFB（第2题）2ACDEFB（第2题）则下列结论不正确的是（）.A.B.∥C.∥D.二、填空题ABCDP（第4题）3.在△和△中，已知：，再添上条件就可以用“”来判断△≌△ABCDP（第4题）4.如图，在△中，，连结并延长交于，则△≌，∠=.三、解答题AEDCB（第5题）5AEDCB（第5题）求证：.BBACDEF（第6题）6.如图，已知：四点在同一条直线上，.求证：∥.§11.2三角形全等的判定（2）一、选择题1.下列说法中，错误的是（）.A.有三边对应相等的两个三角形全等B.等底等高的两个三角形面积相等C.全等三角形的面积一定相等D.两个面积相等的三角形一定全等（第2题）ABCDEF2（第2题）ABCDEF全等的三角形共有（）.A.5对B.4对C.3对D.2对（第3（第3题）BCDA123.如图，已知，，∠，∠，则∠.4.如果△的三边长分别是、、，△的三边长分别是、、，如果两个三角形全等，那么.三、解答题（第5题）ACBD5.已知有一个三角形钢架，如图，为边的中点，要求：为的垂直平分线时，为合格品，现在只有一把刻度尺，利用你学过的知识，如何检验此钢架是否合格.（第5题）ACBDABCDO（第6题）6.如图，已知相交于点，且，试说明与的大小关系（提示：连接DBABCDO（第6题）§11.2三角形全等的判定（3）一、选择题1.能判定两个等腰三角形全等的条件是（）.A.两边长分别是6和9B.两边长分别是6和10（第2题）DABCEFC.两边长分别是6（第2题）DABCEF2.如图，于，于，交于，，下列结论中，不成立的是（）.A.B.（第3题）BACDE（第3题）BACDE3.如图，为了测量水池两边的距离，可以先过点作射线，再过点作于，在的延长线上截取，连接，则的长就是之间的距离，其中用来判定≌的理由是（）.A.B.C.D.4.如图，已知和互相平分，若，且的周长为12，则的长为（）ABCDEF（第5题）（第7题）BACDEABCDEF（第5题）（第7题）BACDE（第6题）BACDEO（第（第4题）ABCDO 二、填空题5.如图，点在上，，若以“”为依据，请你补充一个条件，使.6.如图，点在上，点在上，与交于点，且，若，则度数为度.7.如图，已知，则的度数为.（第8题）BADEC（第8题）BADEC=∠或∠=∠，就可以得≌.三、解答题（第9题）BCAMNO9.如图，已知平分，平分，∥（第9题）BCAMNO求周长. （第10题）AB（第10题）ABCDE求证：.（第（第11题）BCAED11.如图，在中，是的中线，求证：.§11.2三角形全等的判定（4）一、选择题1.在和中，已知：，，下列判断错误的是（）.A.若添加条件，则B.若添加条件，则C.若添加条件，则D.若添加条件，则2.下列命题中错误的是（）.A.全等三角形对应边的中线相等B.周长相等的两个三角形全等（第3题）AB（第3题）ABCDMN3.如图：，下列条件不能判定的是（）A.B.（第5题）ABCDE（第4题）ABCD（第5题）ABCDE（第4题）ABCDEF二、填空题4.如图，已知点在同一条直线上，∥，∥，且若，则.5.如图，已知：（第6题）BCAD（第6题）BCADE6.如图，已知：垂足分别为，相交于点则图中全等的三角形共有对.（第7（第7题）BDCA7.如图，已知：∥，∥.求证：.（第8题）DEBACM8.如图，已知：（第8题）DEBACM.求证：.9.如图，已知：交于点，∥，=.（第9题）OFCDEBA（第9题）OFCDEBA（第10题）FEDCBA10.如图，已知：∥，∥，且.试猜想与的大小有什么关系，并证明你的猜想（第10题）FEDCBA§11.2三角形全等的判定（5）一、选择题1.使两个直角三角形全等的条件可以是（）.（第2题）DA（第2题）DACBEC.一条边对应相等D.两条直角边对应相等2.如图，在中，于，，如果cm，那么等于（）.A.2cmB.3cmC.4cm（第3题）ABCDEP3.如图，在中，于点（第3题）ABCDEP交于点，，则下列结论正确的是（）.A.B.C.D.（第5题）BA（第5题）BACDFEA.两锐角对应相等的两个直角三角形全等B.一直角边及它们的中线对应相等的两个直角三角形全等C.两个直角三角形一定全等（第6题）（第6题）BACDE二、填空题5.如图，于，于，.根据可判定.（第7题）DBCA6.如图，（第7题）DBCA则与的位置关系是.（第8题）AEODCB7（第8题）AEODCB一个条件就能判定.8.如图，和是的高，它们相交于点，且，则图中有对全等三角形，其中根据来判定三角形（第9题）BCD（第9题）BCDEFA三、解答题9.已知：在中，于，于，且，试问：与相等吗？为什么？（第（第10题）BACDEFH10.如图，两个直角三角形重叠在一起，将其中一个三角形沿着从点到点的方向平移得到的位置，，.求：四边形的面积.（第11题）BCADEF11.如图，在（第11题）BCADEF上一点，交于点求证：.（第12题）BACDOE12.如图，∥，，与相交于点，试探索：与的位置关系.（第12题）BACDOE§11.2三角形全等的判定（6）一、选择题1.下列条件中，不能唯一作出一个三角形的是（）.A.已知两边和夹角B.已知两角和夹边C.已知两边和其中一边的对角D.已知三边2.下列各组条件中，能判定的是（）.A.B.C.的周长等于的周长D.3.已知，在中，，是角平分线，, 求的长.甲同学求得：；乙同学求得：.下列判断正确的是（）.A.甲乙都正确B.甲正确，乙不正确C.甲不正确，乙正确D.甲、乙都不正确二、填空题（第5题）EFDCBA（第6题）EACB（第5题）EFDCBA（第6题）EACBD5.如图，点在同一条直线上，.则的度数为.（第7题）FDCEBA6.如图，已知：（第7题）FDCEBA7.如图，在中，点在上，，现将的折过去，使顶点落在点处，为折痕，且交于点，若，则的度数为.（第8（第8题）EDAPCB8.已知：交于点，且，求证：.（第9题）BNMDCA（第9题）BNMDCA（提示：连接）.（第10题）BFEDCA（第10题）BFEDCA11.已知：，画出，使.（要求：用直尺和圆规来完成图形，保留作图痕迹）.（第（第11题）ABC§11.3角的平分线的性质（1）一、选择题1.下列说法中错误的是（）.A.到已知角的两边距离相等的点与角的顶点的连线平分已知角B.已知角内有两点，各自到角的两边的距离相等，则经过这两点的连线平分已知角（第2题）（第2题）ONMPBAD.到角的两边距离相等的点有可能不在这个角的平分线上2.如图，于点，于点，下列条件：①平分；②；③.（第3题）BD（第3题）BDNMPCAEA.只有①②B.只有①③C.只有②③D.①②③3.如图，已知：分别是的外角（第4题）OAC（第4题）OACB那么的关系为（）.A.＞B.C.＜D.无法确定4.如图，的三边分别是20、30、40，其三条角平分线相交于点，则：：的值为（）.A.1:1:1B.1:2:3C.2:3:4D.3:4BEABEACD（第5题）5.如图，如果，则相等的边是，则相等的角是.6.如图，∥，平分，平分，则点（第7题）DABC到的距离一定等于点