2023年专业八级篇改错练习与答案解析

可可英语专八改错练习第一期Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescouldbeavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk____1pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopkingUniversity.____2Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000maternalDeathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren____3withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir____4familiestomoderatesize.Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000maternaldeathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby____5theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlrespectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehighriskcategories.____6Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof____7maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof____8pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe____9motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthantwoyearsapart.____10第二期'Home,sweethome"isaphrasethatexpressanessentialattitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamilyhouseissweetornosweet,thecherishedidealofhome_____1hasgreatimportanceformanypeople.ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlersofAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouse_____2forone'sfamily,andstartedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswere_____3portraitsofindependence:theentirefamily-mother,father,children,evengrandparents-liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogetherto___4supporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife-and-deathimportance_____5offamilycooperationandhardwork.AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownership_____6isjustasstronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.WhenU.SsoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarⅡ,forexample,_____7theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewas_____8atremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typicallyinthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfied_____9adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheirwayoflife._____10第三期Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay_____1thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,includingcollege,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople_____2withcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.Therearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers—howtobuildthem,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask_____3themtoexplainabouttherinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe_____4computer,youdon’thavefaintestidea._____5Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsliketheneglectofhuman_____6creativepower.Italsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand_____7technology.Lotsofpeopledon’tdifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionof_____8newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationofknowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoarereallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhaveafacultyfortheothers._____9Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,it’snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesofnewtechnology,whichcanbeenormous._____10第四期Whatisablackhole?Well,itisdifficulttoanswerthequestion,asthetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon__1areadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeis__2aregionofspacewhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcan__3escape—notevenlight.Butwecan’tseeablackhole.Ablackhole__4exertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonlyspace—orthuswethink.Howcanthishappen?__5Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint;they“collapse”andsometimesasupernovaoccurs.Thecollapseofastarmayproducea“WhiteDwarf”ofa“neutronstar”—astarwhichmatterissodensethatifcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof__6itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge,thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresultsin.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe__7sizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassesandastronger__8gravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideasoftheforceofablackhole.__9Andnomatterneartheblackholeissuckedin.__10第五期Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich__1haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthelargest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome__2monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenoneoccasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People__3foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfromonewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholewinter.Whalesresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas__4“greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEnglandwasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelongedtotheCrown.Eversincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof__5wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,andexploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.__6EventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsoftheInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhalehuntingisregulated,buttheearth'sstockofwhalesisstillbeing__7depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow__8theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindwillbeblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand__9awe-inspiringcreaturethatalwaysfedman'simaginationandmadetheworldamoreexcitingplace__10第六期Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyanymomentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingorreading.Indeed,__1languagesismostessentialtomankind.Ourlivesincreasinglydependonfastandsuccessfuluseoflanguage.Strangelyenough,weknow__2moreaboutthingsaroundusthanonourselves.Forexample,language__3isspeciesspecific,thatis,itislanguagethatdiffershumanfrom__4animals.However,wedonotknowyethowexactlyweinquirelanguage__5andhowitispossibleforustoperceivethroughlanguage;norwe__6understandpreciselythecombinationsbetweenlanguageandthought,__7languageandlogic,orlanguageandculture;stillless,howandwhenlanguagestarted.Onereasonforthisinadequateknowledgeoflanguageisthatwe,likelanguageusers,taketoomanythingsforgranted.__8Languagecomestoeverynormalpersonsonaturallythatafew__9ofusstoptoquestionwhatlanguageis,muchlessdowefeelthenecessitytostudyit.Languageisfarmorecomplexthanmostpeoplehaveprobablyimaginedandthenecessitytostudyitisfargreaterthansomepeoplemayhaveassured.Linguisticisabranchofsciencewhichtakeslanguageasitsobjectofinvestigation.__10第七期Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleastenyearsbefore,youcan’thelpbeingstruckedbythe__1appearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesandmake-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortooshort__2;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.Thementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.__3Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthattheybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreated__4bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatminorityofmen__5havesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheir__6styleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyear,afewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydown__7onthelawandwomenaroundtheworldruntoobey.The__8decreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand__9waistswillbeheight;hipsareinandbuttonsareout.__10第八期DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheight__1aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe"babyboom."__2Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporary__3reversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandataoungeragethantheir__4Europecounterparts.__5Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformed__6familiesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateaftera__7postwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatof__8coupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStates__9maintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentinEurope.__10Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnotabandoned.第九期Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystartmeetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthe__1waytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchapersonwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofothers.Suchpeoplenever__2bumpintootherpeople.However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,__3ithesaidwasquitewell-known,aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvited__4toanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmerican__5hasn'tbeentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.Ifhehad__6knownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehavedbetter.__7Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,tohim,verymuchasanapkin.Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothat__8itfallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,__9saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.__10Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.第十期Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis__1goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof__2prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof__3seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis__4thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery__5dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered__6inmillions.Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies__7twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants__8fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe__9countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflood__10-ingoutagaintothesuburbs.第十一期Artistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffect__1whileatthesametimecapturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggeststheessence__2ofthepersonalityorcharacterbeneaththesurface.Thehumorliesinthefact__3thecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexaggerated.FromtheirorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthrough__4theeighteenthandnineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularin__5theUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationwasappearedinnewspapersand__6magazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewhis__7portraitsofimportantfiguresprimarytoentertain.Inspirittheirworkwas__8closetothehumorofthefast-developingcomicstripandgagcartoonthantothe__9stringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffended__10byamiableattacks.第十二期Mostpeoplewoulddescribewaterlikeacolorlessliquid.They__1wouldknowthatinverycoldconditionsitbecomesasolidcallediceandthatwhenheatingonafireitbecomesavaporcalledsteam.__2However,water,theywouldsay,isaliquid.Wehavelearnedthatwaterconsistsofmoleculescomposedwithtwoatomsofhydrogen__3andoneatomofoxygen,whichwedescribebytheformulaH2O.Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.Chemicallythereisnodifferencebetweenthegas,theliquid,andthesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswiththeformulaH2O.__4Thisistrueofotherchemicalsubstances;mostofthemcanexistasgasesorasliquidsorassolids.Wemaynormallythinkofironasasolid,butifwewillheatitinafurnace,itwillmeltandbecomea__5liquid,andatveryhightemperaturesitwillbecomeagas.Nothingverypermanentoccurswhenagaschangesintoaliquidorasolid.Everyoneknowsthatice,whichhasbeenmadebyfreezingwater,canbemeltedagainbywarmedandthatsteamcanbecondensed__6onacoldsurfacetobecomeliquidwater.Infact,itisonlybecausewaterissoafamiliarsubstancethatdifferentnamesareusedfor__7thesolid,liquidandgas.Mostsubstancesareonlyfamiliarwith__8usinonestate,becausethetemperaturesrequiringtoturnthem__9intogasesareveryhigh,orthetemperaturesnecessarytoturnthemintosolidsaresolow.Waterisanexceptioninthisrespect,whichisanotherreasonwhyitsthreestateshavegiventhreedifferentnames.__10第十三期ClassicIntentionMovementInsocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis“thechair-grasp”.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,butnowthehosthasanppointmenttokeepandcangetaway.Hisurge__1togoisheldincheekbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.Ifhedid__2notcareofhisguest’sfeelingshewouldsimplygetupoutofhischair__3andtoannouncehisdeparture.Thisiswhathisbodywantstodo,__4thereforehispolitenessglueshisbodytothechairandrefusestolethim__5raise.Itisatthispointthatheperformsthechair-graspIntention__6Movement.Hecontinuestotalktotheguestandlistentohim,butleansforwardandgraspsthearmsofthechairasabouttopushhimselfupwards.__7Thisisthefirstacthewouldmakeifhewererising.Ifhewerenot__8hesitating,itwouldonlylastthefractionofthesecond.Hewouldlean,__9push,rise,andbeup.Butnow,instead,itlastsmuchlonger.Heholdshis“readiness-to-rise”postandkeepsonholdingit.Itisasifhis__10bodyhadfrozenattheget-readymoment.第十四期Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichuman__1ancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods__2Ananalysisof58societiesofmodernhunter-gatherers,includingtheKungofsouthernAfrica,revealedthatone-halfemphasizegatheringplantsfoods,one-thirdconcentrateonfishing,andonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters,Overall,two-thirdsandmoreofthehunter-gatherer’scaloriescomefrom__3plants.DetailedstudiesoftheKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversityofLondon,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffoodthanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsinaverageabout100edible__4calories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.__5Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKungdiet,andno__6onegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,iftheyescapefatalinfectionsoraccidents,thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsence__7ofmedicalcare.Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,littledentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,noheartdisease,andtheirbloodcholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageAmericanadult).__8Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,wecertainly__9couldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforhealthierdiet.__10第十五期Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardinpronun-ciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling(orthography).Oneisthefactthatpronunciationislearnt‘naturally’andunconsciously,andorthography__1islearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,remainthroughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatourspeechsounds__2likewhenwespeakout,anditoftencomesasashockwhenwe__3firstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,__4whereasourownhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.We__5beginthe"natural"learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningtoreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingand__6practicingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehoursperevery__7daythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishspelling.Thisis"natural",therefore,thatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofourim-__8mediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesameansofholdingacommunityandtogiveasenseof"belonging".Welearnquiteearlytorecognizea__9"stranger",someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadifferentcommunity—perhapsonlyafewmilesfar.__10第十六期Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguised__1huntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimisinaccurateandhescoresagoal,__2enjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.__3Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookupatourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillion__4yearevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirverysurvivaldependedonsuccess__5inthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheir__6bodies,becameradicallychanged.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-group__7attackers.Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongformative__8periodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewuse—thatofpenning,__9controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolonger__10essentialforsurvival.第十七期Inadditiontolearnhowtocopewithdaily__1work,I'vealsoknowtohandlestudysessionsfor__2bigtests.Myall-nightstudysessionsinhighschoolareexperimentinself-torture.Around__32:00A.M.,Mymind,asasoakedsponge,simply__4stoppedabsorbthings.Now,Ispaceoutexam__5studysessionsoverseveraldays.Thatway,thenightbeforecanbedevotedtoaoverallreview__6ratherthanrawmemorizing.Mostimportant,though,I'vechangedmyattitudetowardtests.Inhighschool,Ithoughttestsweremysteriousthingswithcompletelypredictablequestions.Now,Iask__7teachersthekindsofquestionsthatwillbeonthe__8exam,andItryto"psychout"whichareasorfactsteachersareliketoaskabout.Thesepracticesreally__9work,andformethey'vetakenmanyofthe__10fearandmysteryoutoftests第十八期Forthelastfifteenortwentyyearsthefashionincriticismorappreciationoftheartshavebeentodenytheexistenceofanyvalidcriteriaandtomakethe__1__words“good”or“bad”irrelevant,immaterial,andinapplicable.Thereisnosuchthing,wearetold,likeasetofstandardsfirstacquiredthroughexperienceand__2__knowledgeandlateimposedonthesubjectunderdiscussion.Thishasbeena__3__popularapproach,foritrelievesthecriticoftheresponsibilityofjudgmentandthepublicbythenecessityofknowledge.Itpleasesthoseresentfulofdisciplines,it__4__flatterstheempty-mindedbycallinghimopen-minded,itcomfortsthe__5__confused.Underthebannerofdemocracyandthekindofqualitywhichourforefathersdidnomean,itsays,ineffect,“Whoareyoutotelluswhatisgoodorbad?”Thisissamecryusedsolongandsoeffectivelybytheproducersofmass__6__mediawhoinsistthatitisthepublic,notthey,whodecidewhatitwantstohear__7__andtosee,andthatforacritictosaythatthisprogramisbadandthatprogramisgoodispureareflectionofpersonaltaste.Nobodyrecentlyhasexpressedthis__8__philosophymostsuccinctlythanDr.FrankStanton,thehighlyintelligent__9__presidentofCBStelevision.AtahearingbeforetheFederalCommunicationsCommission,thisphraseescapedfromhimunderquestioning:“Oneman’smediocrity__10__isanotherman’sgoodprogram”.第二十期ThegrammaticalwordswhichplaysolargeapartinEnglishgrammarareforthemostpartsharplyandobviouslydifferentfromthelexicalwords.Aroughandreadydifferencewhichmayseemthemostobviousisthatgrammatical__1__wordshave“lessmeaning”,butinfactsomegrammarianshavecalledthem__2__“empty”wordsasopposedinthe“full”wordsofvocabulary.Butthisisarather__3__misledwayofexpressingthedistinction.Althoughawordliketheisnotthename__4__ofsomethingasmanis,itisveryfarawayfrombeingmeaningless;thereisa__5__sharpdifferenceinmeaningbetween“manisvile”and“themanisvile”,yettheisthesinglevehicleofthisdifferenceinmeaning.Moreover,grammaticalwords__6__differconsiderablyamongthemselvesastheamountofmeaningtheyhaveevenin__7__thelexicalsense.Anothernameforthegrammaticalwordshasbeen“littlewords.”Butsizeisbynomeanagoodcriterionfordistinguishingthegrammaticalwords.”__8__ofEnglish,whenweconsiderthatwehavelexicalwordsasgo,man,say,car.__9__Apartfromthis,however,thereisagooddealoftruthinwhatsomepeoplesay:

wecertainlydocreateagreatnumberofobscuritywhenweomitthem.Thisis__10__illustratednotonlyinthepoetryofRobertBrowningbutintheproseoftelegramsandnewspaperheadlines.第二十一期Morepeopledieoftuberculosisthanofanyotherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobablybeenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringthe__1__earlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh__2__deathsinEurope’scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.From__3__nowon,though,westerneyes,missingtheglobalpicture,sawthetrouble__4__goingintodecline.Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathandinfectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand__5__20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,theintroductionofantibioticsstrengthenedthetrendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowedtobeimportedto__6__poorcountries.Medicalresearchersdeclaredvictoryandwithdrew.Theyarewrong.Inthemid1980sthefrequencyofinfectionsanddeaths__7__startedtopickupagainaroundtheworld.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcame__8__back;inmanyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.TheWorld__9__HealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7billionpeople(athirdoftheearth’spopulation)sufferfromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewasfalling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8__10__millionayear.Around3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoorcountries.tuberculosisn.肺结核antibioticsn.抗生素,抗生学第二十二期OneofAmerica’smostimportantexportishermodernmusic.__1__Americanpopularmusicisplayingallovertheworld.Itisenjoyed__2__bypeopleofallagesinallcountries.BecausethelyricsareEnglish,__3__neverthelesspeoplenotspeakingEnglishenjoyit.Thereasonsforitspopularityareitsfastpaceandrhythmicbeat.ThemusichasmanyoriginsintheUnitedStates.Countrymusic,comingfromthesuburbanareasinthesouthernUnitedStates,isone__4__source.Countrymusicfeaturessimplethemesandmelodiesdescribingday-to-daysituationsandthefeelingsofcountrypeople.Manypeopleappreciatethismusicbecausetheemotionsexpressedbycountry__5__musicsongs.AsecondoriginofAmericanpopularmusicistheblues.Itdepicted__6__mostlysadfeelingsreflectingthedifficultlivesofAmericanblacks.Itisusuallyplayedandsungbyblackmusicians,butitisnotpopularwith__7__allAmericans.Rockmusicisanewerformofmusic.Thismusicstyle,featuringfastandrepetitiousrhythms,wasinfluencedbythebluesandcountrymusic.Itisfirstknownasrock-and-rollinthe1950’s.Sincethenthere__8__havebeenmanyformsofrockmusic,hardrock,softrock,punkrock,discomusicandothers.Manyperformersofpopularrockmusicareyoungmusicians.Americanpopularmusicismarketedtoademandingaudience.Nowpopularsongsareheardontheradioseveraltimesaday.Somesongsbecomepopularallovertheworld.Peoplehearthesesongssing__9__intheiroriginalEnglishorsometimestranslatedintootherlanguages.Thewordsmaycoincidebuttheenjoymentofthemusicisuniversal.__10__第二十三期Citiescanbefrightenedplaces.Themajorityof__1__thepopulationliveinnoisymassivetowerblocks.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstoappear__2__whenyoulivethirtyfloorsupinaskyscraper.Strange__3__enough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksevensayhellotoeach__4__other.Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallykeeptheinhabitantsofasmallvillagetogether.__5__Peoplehavetheadvantageofknowingthatthereisalwayssomeonetoturntowhentheyneedhelp.So__6__countrylifehasdisadvantag