高三英语高考二轮专项复习：定语从句

定语从句复习.

定语从句

定语从句（AttributiveClauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which,as等。

关系副词有：when,where,why等。

.关系词的种类关系代词关系副词起着代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语起着副词或介词短语和连词的作用，在从句中充当状语Theman(whoisstandingthere)ismybrother.关系词的作用：①代替前面的先行词在从句中充当一定的成分②把两个句子连起来构成一个复合句.关系代词引导的定语从句

两个简单句：Amanisstandingthere.Themanismybrother.=主从复合句：Themanwhoisstandingthereismybrother.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词关系代词：引导定语从句的词.限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句译法上

译成先行词的定语：“……的”通常译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上

1.作宾语时可省略1.不可省略2.可用that2.不用that3.可用who代替whom3.不可用who代替whom.A.ThisistheplacewhereIlivedtenyearsago.B.SheisgoingtospendthewinterholidayinMacao,whichreturnedtoChinain1999.2.A.HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.B.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。.限制性定语从句先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen原因状语why.非限制性定语从句先行词是物先行词是人定语地点状语时间状语主宾主宾关系代词whichthatwhowhomwhose关系副词wherewhen原因状语why.5.在非限制定语从句中，需注意以下几点：

①

that

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句②why

不能用来引导非限制性定语从句，应用forwhiche.g.Ihavetoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.

③在非限制性的定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用whom，不能用who替换，也不能省略Hiswife,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacher.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.whose.④在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词有时代替修饰的不是前面的名词或代词，而是前面的整一句话。这种关系代词只有两个:which,asAlicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_______cameasasurprise.itB.thatC.whichD.he_______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What区别：

a.which只能放在句中，而as从句则还可以放在句首或句中。b.as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。如：asweallknow,asisknowntoall,asyousay,asIcansee,asisreported,asyoumayhaveheard…….as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：

as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思

eg:Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.

(2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。

.1.that在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物

1)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.主语2)ThenoodlesthatIlookedweredelicious.宾语3)Let’saskthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere.主语4)ThegirlthatwesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.宾语）.2.Which

在从句中作主语或宾语，指物1)Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.(主语)2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.（宾语）.3.

whowhom

在从句中分别作主语和宾语(口语中非限制性定语从句中who也可作宾语)1)TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.（主语）2)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledMichael.（主语）

.4)Mr.Readistheprofessortowhomyoushouldwrite.（宾语）3)ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.（宾语）

.3)Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.4.

whose

在从句中作定语，指人或物1)MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2)Thisistheboywhosecompositiontheteachertalkedof..关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常有“介词+which（或whom）”引出。Greatchangesaretakingplaceinthecityinwhichtheylive.Thisistheoldmanfromwhomwe’velearntalot..

(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如：

Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.(2)先行词有两个，既有人也有物，要用that。

Weweretalkingaboutthepersonsandthingsthatwerememberedinourschool.

关系代词that和which的区别

1.宜用that引导的定语从句.(3)如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,must,no,some,very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which,who，或whom。例如：ThisisthemostimpressiveTVtheaterthathasneverbeenputonshowbefore.这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。

Thatistheonlywaythatleadstoyoursuccess.那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

Wehavetoconsiderthefirstthingthatstartsourwork.

我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。

.在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。

Whoistheman

that

isshoutingthere?

Sheisnotthegirl

that

sheusedtobe.NOTE.2.宜用which引导的定语从句当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。Thehouseinwhichtheylivedlastyearhasbeenrebuilt.引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。Heboughtarailwayticketforthewoman,whichhelpedheralot..(3)当先行词受such,thesame，as,so修饰时，常用as

Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.

Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.

注意：当先行词由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同。

SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.

她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone.判断改错

1.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

2.IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

3.Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.

4.I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.

FFTT.区分定语从句和同位语从句

1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；

同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系

(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.

定语从句

(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.

同位语从句

.2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；

同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分

(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.

(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语

(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

.3.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以

(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.

(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.

.Step4.关系副词先行词状语地点where时间when原因why/forwhich.关系副词引导的定语从句

两个简单句：Ivisitedthecity.Iwasborninthecity.=主从复合句：IvisitedthecitywhereIwasborn.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词=（inwhich）关系副词：在定语从句中作状语.Thisisthehouse.+Iwasborninthehouse.（介词短语）=Iwasbornthere（副词).=Thisisthehouse_______Iwasborn.=____which注意区别：Thisisthehouse____________Iwasbornin.(which/that)wherein.Wewillneverforgettheday.+wewillholdtheOlympicGamesonthatday.=Wewillneverforgettheday______wewillholdtheOlympicGames.

____which注意区别：Iwillneverforgettheday____________Ispentwithyoulastyear.(which/that)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelefthere.=forwhichwhenon.注意：1.Thankyouforthebookthatyougaveittomeyesterday.在定语从句中，关系代词已代替了前面的先行词，所以在从句中不能在重复了。what不能用于定语从句中2.Tellmeanythingwhatyouknow.Tellmewhatyouknow.thattellsb.sth,.3.在介词＋whom/which

结构中，介词的选择Iwillneverforgettheday____whichIreachedtheGreatWall.Tellmethetime_____whichthetrainleaves.Thisisthehero_____whomweareproud.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.tothatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom根据先行词来判断根据从句中谓语动词的固定搭配来判断onatofbeproudof;turntosb.forhelp.4.（名词、代词、数词、最高级＋）of＋whom/which结构中，表所属关系，”…当中的…”

Chinahashundredsofislands,thelargestofthatisTaiwan.

whichThere54studentsinourclass,mostofthemareboys.whom.Ihaveasister.+

SheworksinShanghai.=Ihaveasister___________worksinShanghai.Translate:他想要见的人在上海。Hewantstoseetheman.+

ThemanisinShanghai.=Theman______________hewantstoseeisinShanghai.Haveyoufoundthepen?+Youlostityesterday.=Haveyoufoundthepen___________youlostyesterday?who/thatwho/whom/that(that/which).Doyouknowthegirl?+

Hermotherworkshere.=Doyouknowthegirl________motherworkshere?Iliveinaroom.+

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