开链烷烃的英文命名

开链烷烃的英文命名CH4CH3CH3CH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH3MethaneEthanePropaneButaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3pentane

HexaneCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

CH3(CH2)6CH3

HeptaneOctane

nonanedecaneundecanedodecanetridecaneicosanedenicosane(21)

triacontanedentriacontane

(31)

开链烷烃的英文命名

开链烷烃的英文命名普通命名法的局限CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

hexaneCH3CHCH2CH2CH3

CH3

isohexane

CH3

CH3—C—CH2

CH3

CH3

neohexaneCH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3

noneCH3CH—CHCH3CH3CH3

none

开链烷烃的英文命名烷基（Alkyl）——烷烃分子中从形式上消除一个氢的部分，通常用

R-表示，英文用“

yl

”替代“

ane”Methane——Methyl

CH3-

Me

Ethane——Ethyl

CH3CH2-

Et

n-Propane——n-Propyl

CH3CH2CH2-

n-ProCH3CH2CH3

isopropyl

(CH3)2CH-

i-Pron-Butane——n-ButylCH3CH2CH2CH2-

n-BuCH3CH2CH2CH3

sec-ButylCH3CH2CHCH3

sec-Buiso-Butane——

iso-Butyl

(CH3)2CHCH2-

i-Bu(CH3)2CHCH3

tert-Butyl

(CH3)3C-

tert-Bu

开链烷烃的英文命名烷烃中碳和氢的种类Primary（1º）,secondary（2º）,tertiary（3º）,quaternaryC（4º）,butonlyprimary,secondary,tertiaryH

开链烷烃的英文命名系统命名法(IUPACRules)IUPAC:

InternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry

开链烷烃的英文命名直链烷烃同普通命名法，取消“正”字支链烷烃：1.Determinethenumberofcarboninthelongestcontinuouscarbonchain----Thischainiscalledtheparenthydrocarbon.2.Numberthechainsothatthesubstituentgetsthelowestpossiblenumber.全名：3-乙基庚烷（3-ethylheptane）

开链烷烃的英文命名3.Citethenameofthealkylsubstituentbeforetheparenthydrocarbon.——Anumberandawordareseparatedbyahyphen;numbersareseparatedbyacomma.di,tri,tetraisusedtoexpressthenumberofthesamesubstituents

开链烷烃的英文命名Andlistsubstituentsinalphabeticalorder.——“di,tri,tetra,sec,and

tert”areignoredinalphabetizing.“iso,neo,andcyclo”arenotignoredinalphabetizing.4.Ifthesamesubstituentnumberareobtainedinbothdirections,thefirstcitedgroupreceivedthelowernumber.中文中则以基团的优先次序决定，给较优基团以大编号。

CH3

3-ethyl-5-methylheptaneCH3CH2CHCH2CHCH2CH3

3-甲基-5-乙基庚烷

CH2CH3not

5-ethyl-3-methylheptane

Cl2-bromo-3-chlorobutaneCH3CHCHCH3

2-氯-3-溴丁烷

Br

not3-bromo-2-chlorobutane

开链烷烃的英文命名5.如果具有不止一条可选择的等长的碳链：（1）以取代基数目最多的碳链为主链。

开链烷烃的英文命名2,3,5-trimethyl-4-propylheptanenot

3-methyl-4-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)heptane(2）在较短的侧链中，具有碳原子数目最多的链3-ethyl-5,9,11-trimethyl-7,7-di(2,4-dimethylhexyl)tridecane开链烷烃的英文命名6.Iftherearesomecomplexsubstituents,wecanusethesimilarmethodtonamethesubstituents.CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CHCH2CH2CH3

1

2

123

CHCH3CH2CHCH3

CH3CH3

3-isopropylheptaneor

4-iso