语法3-名词性从句

雅思语法名词性从句1content名词性从句的本质主语从句宾语从句名词性从句的本质三种句子担任四种成分三种句子：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句四种成分：主语、宾语、表语、同位语名词性从句的本质陈述句（一件事做句子中名词担任的成分）你没来参加聚会让我很生气。That

you

didn’t

attend

the

party

infuriated

me.我不知道你没来参加聚会。I

don’t

know

that

you

didn’t

attend

the

party.that是后加的，存在只是为了引起从句，不充当从句的成分名词性从句的本质一般疑问句句（一个是非问题做句子中名词担任的成分）没人知道是否有外星生命。No

one

knows

is

there

extra-terrestrial

life.

No

one

knows

if

there

is

extra-terrestrial

life.whether/if也是后加的，存在是为了存住句子的疑问意义，有“是否”的含义，但也不担任任何从句的成分。原本的疑问句语序要变为陈述句语序。名词性从句的本质特殊疑问句句（一个特殊疑问句做句子中名词担任的成分）你能告诉我邮局在哪吗？Can

you

tell

me

where

is

the

post

office?Can

you

tell

me

where

the

post

office

is?对于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词充当从句连接词。不同疑问词充当不同成分。原本的疑问句语序要变为陈述句语序。exercise将括号中句子进行适当变化后填入空格中。There

is

a

popular

saying

____(

Family

instability

causes

social

instability.)No

one

knew

____

(Would

interest

rate

rise?)I

am

interested

in

the

question

____

(

will

people

live

on

the

moon

someday?)No

one

knows

for

sure

____.

(Will

the

gains

be

greater

than

the

losses?)exercise将括号中句子进行适当变化后填入空格中。My

question

is

____.

(Do

we

have

enough

time

to

go

to

the

movie?)____

is

wholly

new

kind

of

police

force.

(What

do

we

need?)Children

often

ask

____.(How

do

bears

survive

winter?)____

has

not

yet

been

decided.

(When

is

the

meeting

to

be

held?)主语从句That引导的主语从句Whether及关系代词/副词引导的主语从句Because引导的主语从句主语从句That引导的主语从句一般置于句末，偶尔可以置于句前海洋正在被人们过度捕捞，许多年来这已经是人尽皆知的事情了。That

the

seas

are

being

overfished

has

been

known

for

years.It

has

been

known

for

years

that

the

seas

are

being

overfished.主语从句That引导的主语从句一般置于句末，偶尔可以置于句前地球板块是在漂移的，这一点毫无争议。That

the

plates

are

moving

is

not

beyond

dispute.It

is

not

beyond

dispute

that

the

plates

are

moving

.主语从句That引导的主语从句It做形式主语，真正的主语是句子后半部分that引导的从句主语从句置于句首的句子是loosesentence主语从句置于句末的句子是periodic

sentence主语从句That引导的主语从句A

loosesentence

puts

the

main

idea

before

all

supplementary

information.easier,

simpler,

more

natural

and

directIn

a

periodic

sentence,

the

main

idea

is

expressed

at

or

near

the

end

of

it,

and

it

is

not

grammatically

complete

until

the

end

is

reached.more

complex,

emphatic,

formal,or

literary

----

A

handbook

of

writing主语从句That引导的主语从句She

decided

to

study

English

though

she

was

interested

in

music.

Although

she

was

interested

in

music,

she

finally

decided

to

study

English.It

has

been

known

for

years

that

the

seas

are

being

overfished.more

complex,

emphatic,

formal,or

literary主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisbelievedthat…人们相信Itisgenerallythoughtthat…人们普遍认为Itshouldbenotedthat…应当注意Ithasbeenfoundthat…现已发现Itmustbepointedoutthat…必须指出还有say,

expect,

know,

estimate,

forecast,

suggest等主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句Ithasbeensuggestedthatchildrenholdmistakenviewsaboutthe‘pure’sciencethattheystudyatschool.Itisgenerallybelievedthatlargenumbersofpeoplewereneededtobuildthepyramids.Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthatyoungpeoplefrompoorersocio-economicbackgroundstendtodolesswellinoureducationsystem.Itispopularlybelievedthatifpeoplearetalentedinonearea,theymustbedefectiveinanother.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句众所周知，环境污染问题是中国乃至世界面临的最为严重的问题之一。ItisuniversallyacknowledgedthatenvironmentalpollutionbecomesoneofthemostseriousproblemsinChinaoreventheworldasawhole.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句第一，人们应该意识到旅游的发展通过产生大量就业机会和增加外汇收入的方式刺激经济发展。Initially,itstimulateeconomicgrowthbygeneratingenormousemploymentopportunitiesandincreaseforeignexchangeearnings.正：Firstofall,itshouldberecognizedthatthedevelopmentoftourismstimulateseconomicgrowthbygeneratingenormousemploymentopportunitiesandincreasingforeignexchangeearnings.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+过去分词+that从句也应该指出的是，英语作为国际媒体钟爱的语言，向世界不同地方表达了英语国家的生活方式、价值观和信仰。ItshouldalsobenotedthatEnglish,asthefavoritelanguageforinternationalmediums,conveysEnglish-speakingcountries’lifestyles,valuesandbeliefstothroughouttheworld.正：ItshouldalsobenotedthatEnglish,asthefavoritelanguageforinternationalmedia,conveysEnglish-speakingcountries’lifestyles,valuesandbeliefstodifferentpartsoftheworld.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句It

is

clear

that

…显然It

is

possible

that

…很可能It

is

likely

that

…很可能It

is

natural

that

…很自然It

is

certain

that

…可以相信It

is

strange

that

…奇怪的是It

is

fortunate

that

…幸运的是It

is

necessary

that

…有必要的是主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句Itispossiblethatreceptionistswillaskyoutoexplainyourproblem.

AttheendofPhaseⅡ,itwasclearthattheselectedapproachestoMakete'stransportproblemshadhaddifferentdegreesofsuccess.Itisalsolikelythatyouwillgetoneifyouchangeyourmindabouttheshoesandtakethembackimmediately.

主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句

Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Butasthemedicalworldcontinuestograpplewithwhat'sacceptableandwhat'snot,itisclearthatcompaniesmustcontinuetobeheavilyscrutinizedfortheirsalesandmarketingstrategies.

主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句同样正确的是，在很多地方，当地人们没有以开放的心态来面对旅游业。Thefactthatinmanyplaces,thelocalpeopledonotembracetourismwithopenarms.正：Itisalsotruethatinmanyplaces,localpeopledonotembracetourismwithopenarms.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句正确的是，很多道德标准，例如那些强调诚实、忠实和同情的标准，促进/提高了社会凝聚力。However,therearemanyethicalstandards,suchasemphasisehonest,loyaltyandcompassion,whicharepropitioustothesocialcohesion.正：Itistruethatmanyethicalstandards,suchasthosestandardsthatemphasisehonesty,loyaltyandcompassion,enhance/improve/increasesocialcohesion.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句很明显的是，我们正生活在一个信息时代。It

is

obvious

that

we

are

living

in

an

information

age.

显而易见，投资教育是投资一个人的未来。Itisobviousthatinvestingineducationisinvestinginone'sfuture.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+形容词+that从句值得注意的是，农村地区和城市地区的环境正在恶化。Itisnoticeablethattheenvironmentinboththeruralandurbanareasisdeteriorating.

主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+名词短语+that从句It

is

a

pity

that

…可惜的是…It

is

a

fact

that

…事实是It

is

good

news

that

…

…真是太好了It

is

a

good

thing

that

…

…真是件好事It

is

no

wonder

that

…难怪…It

is

a

shame

that

…遗憾的是…It

is

common

knowledge

that

…

…是常识主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+名词短语+that从句It

is

an

established

fact

that

factory

workers

work

better,

harder,

and

have

fewer

accidents

when

their

machines

are

painted

orange

rather

than

black

or

grey.事实证明，如果把工厂里的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰色，工人就会干得更勤奋、更出色，事故也会减少。主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+名词短语+that从句It

is

a

truth

universally

acknowledged

that

a

single

man

in

possession

of

a

good

fortune

must

be

in

want

of

a

wife.一个众所周知的事实是，一个单身汉若是非常有钱，那么他一定想要找个妻子。主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+名词短语+that从句众所周知，我们生活在同一个生物圈，它的组成成分是相互关联的。Itiscommonknowledgethatwesharethesamebiosphere,itscomponentsareinterrelated.正：Itiscommonknowledgethatwesharethesamebiosphere,whosecomponentsareinterrelated.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+be动词+名词短语+that从句例如，众所周知吸烟有害于人们的身体健康，但是很多人都难于戒烟。Forexample,itiscommonknowledgesmokingisharmfultopeople’shealthbuttherestillhavemanypeoplesmoking.正：Forexample,itiscommonknowledgethatsmokingishazardoustopeople’shealthbutmanypeoplehaveproblemsceasingsmoking.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat...似乎是…Itfollowsthat…由此可见…Ithappensthat…碰巧…Itturnsoutthat…结果证明是…Itcomesaboutthat…结果是…主语从句That引导的主语从句It+不及物动词+that从句Italsoseemsthatthesediseasesareaffectingpeoplelaterinlifethantheydidinthepast.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.Theseturnedouttobehighlydiverse:itseemsthatantsarecontinuallydomesticatingnewspecies.主语从句That引导的主语从句It+不及物动词+that从句Itturnsoutthatit'snotFlorence'snosethatmakesheratopdrugdog,butherunswervingconcentration,plusafewotheressentialtraits.Itturnsoutthat,foragivenamountoftransmittedpower,radiowavesinthefrequencyrange1000to3000MHztravelthegreatestdistance,andsoallsearchestodatehaveconcentratedonlookingforradiowavesinthisfrequencyrange.主语从句That引导的主语从句5.其他结构Itdawnsupon/onsb.that…某人突然想起Itoccurstosb.that…某人突然想起Itmakesnodifferencethat…无所谓/不重要…Itdoesn’tneedtobebotheredthat…不必担忧…Itisoflittleconsequencethat…无关紧要…主语从句That引导的主语从句5.其他结构It

dawnsuponmethatthereisalogicalconnectionbetweenallthethingsthathappeninthatimmenselyconnectedbodyofsaltedwaterthatcovers71percentofthesurfaceoftheearth.我忽然想明白了，覆盖地球表面71%的巨大盐水体中所发生的一切事情之间都是有联系的。主语从句That引导的主语从句5.其他结构When

I

decided

to

quit

my

full-time

employment

it

never

occurred

to

me

that

I

might

become

a

part

of

a

new

international

trend.当我决定放弃全职工作的时候，我怎么也没有想到我会成为一个新的国际流行趋势的一部分。主语从句whether引导的主语从句Whether引导的主语从句不同于that引导的，从句的位置一般在句首。whether直接理解为“是否”，句子按照顺序理解；或者先理解主语从句提出的问题，然后再理解主句，在主句中加入代词以对从句进行指代。Whether

he

will

come

or

not

is

not

known.他是否会来没人知道。/他是否会来，这没人知道。主语从句whether引导的主语从句‘It’samassextinction,andwhetherwewilleverreboundfromthelossisdifficulttoknow.’主语从句whether引导的主语从句Whetherajokegivespleasureorpaindependsonaperson’soutlook.

主语从句whether引导的主语从句However,ithasnotpreviouslybeenknownwhetherthesetwofactorsweredirectlylinkedornot.主语从句whether引导的主语从句Whether

the

government

should

increase

the

financing

of

pure

science

at

the

expense

of

technology

or

vice

versa

often

depends

of

the

issue

of

which

is

seen

as

the

driving

force.

政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把那一方面看做是驱动性力量。主语从句whether引导的主语从句Whether

the

eyes

are

“the

window

of

the

soul”

is

debatable;

that

they

are

intensely

important

in

interpersonal

communication

is

a

fact.眼镜是否是“心灵的窗口”，这还有争议；但无疑，眼睛在人际交流中有着重要的作用。主语从句whether引导的主语从句增加燃料价格是否会解决世界环境问题，这是一个有争议的问题。Whether

the

increase

of

fuel

price

can

solve

the

world’s

environmental

problem

is

a

controversial

issue.主语从句whether引导的主语从句大学应该给学生提供实际技能的课程还是学术知识的课程，这是一个值得讨论的问题。Whetheruniversitiesshouldprovidestudentswithcurriculumsofpracticalskillsor

academic

knowledge

is

a

debatable

issue.主语从句关系代词或关系副词引导的主从Whoevertriestoresolveaconflictsoonlearnsthatnothingpleaseseverybody.任何想要试图解决这个矛盾的人很快就会发现，他不可能让所有人都满意。主语从句关系代词或关系副词引导的主从What

happened

on

September

11,

2001

will

be

forever

etched

in

our

memories.2001年9月11日发生的事将会永远印刻在人们的脑海里。主语从句关系代词或关系副词引导的主从How

you

think

and

what

you

do

will

decide

your

future.

你如何想以及如何做将要决定你的未来。主语从句Because引导的主从Just

because

someone

doesn’t

love

you

the

way

you

want

them

to

doesn’t

mean

they

don’t

love

you

with

all

they

have.如果有人没有以你希望的方式去爱你，并不意味着他们没有全身心地爱你。宾语从句三种宾语从句宾语从句后置三种宾语从句动词宾语从句在及物动词之后的宾语，由从句担任：Wehavefoundthattheblindunderstandotherkindsofvisualmetaphorsaswell.三种宾语从句动词宾语从句在及物动词之后的宾语，由从句担任：Whenwetestedfourtotallyblindvolunteersusingthesamelist,wefoundthattheirchoicescloselyresembledthosemadebythesightedsubjects.三种宾语从句动词宾语从句在及物动词之后的宾语，由从句担任：Thesurveysuggestedthatcomplementarymedicineisprobablyabettertermthanalternativemedicine.三种宾语从句动词宾语从句在及物动词之后的宾语，由从句担任：HNCSoftwareofSanDiego,backedbyagovernmentagency,reckonthattheirnewapproachtoartificialintelligenceisthemostpowerfulandpromisingapproacheverdiscovered.三种宾语从句动词宾语从句在及物动词之后的宾语，由从句担任：Onerespondenttothesurveybelievedthatthereisnotrueemotionalbondingwithouttouchingandsmellingalovedone.

三种宾语从句动词宾语从句双宾结构下的宾从：IassureyouthatIhadnointentionofoffendingyou.我向你保证，我当时绝不是故意冒犯你。Prof.

Lee

will

show

you

how

what

you

have

observed

can

be

used

in

other

contexts.李教授将会让你知道如何把你观察到的东西应用到其他场景中。三种宾语从句介词宾语从句MIRTPfocusedonwhatwouldbemostappropriatefortheinhabitantsofMaketeintermsofwhatwasavailable,howmuchtheycouldaffordandwhattheywerewillingtoaccept.三种宾语从句介词宾语从句Theresultstellusalotmoreabouthowthebridgewasbuilt.Moreover,Iwantedtodiscoverwhetherthereweredifferencesinhowtheblindandthesightedinterpretedlinesofmotion.

Thisresultsinwhatagroecologistscallthe'treadmillsyndrome'.三种宾语从句介词宾语从句Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.Firstairlines,thenroadhauliersandrailways,werefreedfromrestrictionsonwhattheycouldcarry,wheretheycouldhaulitandwhatpricetheycouldcharge.三种宾语从句形容词宾语从句She

was

too

afraid

Grandma

would

leave

and

there

would

be

no

one

to

take

care

of

us.她深怕外婆会离开，那样的话，就没有人照料我们了。

People

are

angry

that

companies

and

other

organisations

know

so

much

about

them.

公司和其它组织对人们了解这么多，人们非常生气。

三种宾语从句形容词宾语从句Are

you

aware

that

there

is

difficulty

in

dealing

with

this

matter?你知不知道处理这件事很棘手？I’m

not

certain

whether

he

will

come.我不确定他是否回来。宾语从句的后置宾从如若出现在复合宾语结构中，此时宾从置于补足语之后。形式为：动词+

it形式宾语+宾语补足语+

that宾语从句We

believe

it

true

that

the

human

body

is

also

a

kind

of

good

conductor.人体也是一种良导体，我们认为这是对的。宾语从句的后置宾从如若出现在复合宾语结构中，此时宾从置于补足语之后。形式为：动词+

it形式宾语+宾语补足语+

that宾语从句We

must

make

it

clear

that

the

parties

involved

are

to

make

every

effort

to

curb

the

pollution.我们必须强调清楚，有关部门要尽一切努力来治理污染。宾语从句的后置宾从如若出现在复合宾语结构中，此时宾从置于补足语之后。形式为：动词+

it形式宾语+宾语补足语+

that宾语从句Subjectsfinditdifficultatfirsttoconcentrateonproblem-solvingtasks.宾语从句的后置宾从如若出现在复合宾语结构中，此时宾从置于补足语之后。形式为：动词+

it形式宾语+宾语补足语+

that宾语从句Whydidmostchildrenthinkitimportantfortherainforeststobeprotected?

exercise总而言之，政府应该根据个人需要来提供经济支持，以确保他们有机会获得教育。To

summarise,government

should

give

support

to

students

based

on

their

own

financial

situations,

so

that

everyone