专四语法-非谓语动词-doing

Grammar--非谓语动词:doing1非谓语动词形式非谓语动词动名词不定式分词2(二)动名词/现在分词doing/notdoing

1时态,语态vt

vt

vi

主动

被动

主动

一般式doingBeingdonedoing完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendoneHavingdone3

doing一般式表示动作同时发生；Havingdone表示动作要先于主句谓语动作之前发生;Havingdone不能做定语.42常考固定搭配和固定句型

常用doing的句型：(1)

熟记itis…v-ing句式中常考词汇：nogood,nouse,useless,awasteoftime,worthwhile,dangerous,notaneasytask.Itisnousewaitingforhimanylonger.Itisworthwhileconsultingyourtutoraboutitagain.

52常考固定搭配和固定句型(2)

在therebe结构中用动名词主语。常见形式为“thereisno+动名词”或“thereisno/any+动名词+名词”。Thereisnodenyingthefact.Thereisn'tanyusetryingagain.Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.62常考固定搭配和固定句型(3)need,require,want+doing=need,require,wanttobedoneYourshoesneedpolishing.Yourshoesneedtobepolished.72常考固定搭配和固定句型(4)其他Havedifficulty/trouble/problem/agoodtime(in)doingsthfeellikedoingsthspend/wastetimeindoingsthcan’thelpdoingbebusydoing83成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语(1)宾语常跟动名词做宾语的谓语动词有：appreciate,admit,avoid,deny,can’thelp,enjoy,can’tstand,consider,mind,finish,practice,suggest,quit,prevent,forgive,resent,require等93成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语熟记非谓语动词做宾语和熟记动词与不定式及动名词的固定搭配不定式动名词未完成、未发生已完成、已发生103成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语Remembertodo未做/doing已做Forgettodo/doingRegrettodo未发生遗憾/doing已发生后悔Iregrettednotjoiningyourpartylastweek.(动作已发生,所以用doing)Ineverregrettednotacceptingtheoffer,foritwasnotwheremyinterestlay.(1993.42)113成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语Meantodo打算/doing意味着Trytodo试图,努力/doing试一试Stoptodo停下来去做另外一件事/doing禁止做Continuetodo接着做另外一件事/doing接着做同一件事Goontodo/doing(同continue)123成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语（2）补语see,watch,hear,feel,find★,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave★,catch★等词后跟动名词补语。Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.133成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语（3）主语不定式作主语与动名词作主语区别：不定式表具体的，一次性的动作；动名词表示一般的，抽象的，多次性的动作。143成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语在句子主语和表语同时使用动名词或不定式时,两者必须一致，不能交叉使用。Seeingisbelieving.Tolearnistouse.不定式和动名词都可以用it代替做形式主语区别：在含有no,-less等否定词句子里，用动名词做主语。但含not的句子则用不定式作主语。Itisnotgoodtohavetenappleseachday.Itisnogoodhavingtenappleseachday.153成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语（4）表语动名词与现在分词作表语区别:Iamstanding.≠StandingisI.(现在分词)Myhobbyisstanding.=Standingismyhobby.(动名词)163成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语（5）定语名词+todo/tobedone表示将要名词+doing/beingdone表示进行名词+done表示完成，表被动及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示完成:aretiredworker,abrokenvaseThemeetingtobeheld/themeetingbeingheld/themeetingheld173成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语动名词与分词作定语时的区别:只表示用途为动名词,如:asleepingcar≠acarwhichissleeping.=acarusedforsleeping.能转换成定语从句的为分词,如:Asleepinggirl=agirlwhoissleeping183成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语（6）状语不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度及位于形容词后作状语；分词作状语表示时间、条件、原因、让步或伴随方式有些非谓语动词的使用不受与句子主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成分只记忆即可。如:generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,193成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语

(6)状语

①分词,主谓宾：表示时间，原因，条件对比：todo，主谓宾：表目的。Tobeateacher,onehastobeastudentfirst.Realizingthathehadn'tenoughmoneyand____toborrowfromhisfather,hedecidedtosellhiswatch.anotwantedbnotowantcnotwantingdwantingnot203成份：主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语(6)状语②主谓宾,分词(表示伴随,方式,结果)选择结果状语时,不定式优先考虑,其次再考虑分词。Theystoodthere,shiveringwithcold.Theyattemptedtosneakacrosstheborder,onlytobecaughteachtime.214解题方法①先判断主被动关系。即分词与句子主语之间如果是逻辑上的主谓关系时，分词用主动式doing,havingdone；如是逻辑上的动宾关系时，分词用被动：beingdone,havingbeendone,done.Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.Seeingfromthetopofthehill,Ifindthecitybeautiful.224解题方法再判断动作先后，即分词动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，分词用完成时：havingdone,havingbeendone.Havingbeendone强调正在进行；done强调已完成.避免非谓语悬垂，即避免非谓语动词没有逻辑主语。Leavingtheroom,thedoorwaslocked.×Leavingtheroom,helockedtheroom.√234解题方法

_____,hecannowonlywatchitonTVathome.(1998.45)aObtainingnotaticketforthematchbNotobtainingaticketforthematchcNothavingobtainedaticketforthematchdNotobtainedaticketforthematch245连词+分词的结构连词+分词，主谓宾（时间，原因，条件）（句子主语为分词的逻辑主语或宾语）主谓宾，连词+分词（伴随，方式，结果）（句子主语为分词的逻辑主语或宾语）注：连词+todo×after/beforedoing/beingdone√after/beforetodo×255连词+分词的结构Shehadsaidlittlesofar,respondingonlybrieflywhenspokento.(1999.77)266独立主格如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,就要在分词前加一个名词或代词作逻辑主语，构成分词独立主格结构。276独立主格Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforawalktogethertomorrow.Everything(being)ready,westartourjourney.Winterhavingcome,weputonmoreclothes.287With+N+分词分词独立主格结构可用介词with引出，即with+名词、代词+动词-ing或动词-edEverything(being)ready,westartourjourney.Witheverythingready,westartourjourney.298动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构有四种形式：①形容词性物主代词＋动名词；②名词’s＋动名词；③代词宾格＋动名词；④名词＋动名词。308动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构，实际上是给动名词加了一个逻辑主语。Jack'snotgettingtothestationontimemadeallofusworried．Doyoumindmy／me／Jack's／Jackleavingnow？31TEM-4Thismissileisdesignedsothatonce____nothingcanbedonetoretrieveit.(1995.59)afiredbbeingfiredctheyfireddhavingfired32TEM-4Ininternationalmatches,prestigeissoimportantthattheonlythingthatmattersistoavoid__.(1996.48)afrombeingbeatenbbeingbeatencbeatingdtobebeaten33TEM-4Buttheywereendowedwithenormousconcealedadvantagesofakindnotpossessedbyanyoftheircompetitors.(1999.36)34TEM-4Isawalotofchildrenplayinginthegarden,mostofthem__girls.(1999.76)aare bwerecbeing dhavebeen35TEM-4Shehadsaidlittlesofar,respondingonlybrieflywhen__.(1999.77)aspeaking bspokentocspoken dspeakingto36TEM-4Thedistinctionwasaprominentfeatureofearlytheories__thephasesofmatter.(2000.37)ahavingdescribedbdescribedcdescribing dtohavedescribed37TEM-4There____nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.(2000.55)atobebtohavebeencbeingdbe38TEM-4____atinthisway,thepresenteconomicsituationdoesn’tseemsogloomy.(2000.61)aLookingbLookedcHavinglookeddTolookDreamsareuninformativeinthemselves,but,whencombinedwithotherdata,theycantellusmuchaboutthedreamer.(2000.75)39TEM-4__isnotaseriousdisadvantageinlife.(2001.61)aTobenottallbNottobetallcBeingnottalldNotbeingtallBeingcolor-blind,Sallycan’tmakeadistinctionbetweenredandgreen.(2001.66)40TEM-4Once__,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownandvillageswithelectricity.(2001.78)aitbeingcompletedbitcompletedcitwascompletedditcompleting41TEM-4Peoplethinkingabouttheoriginoflanguageforthefirsttimeusuallyarriveattheconclusionthat…(2002.31)TheaveragefamilyinChinesecitiesnowspendsmoremoneyonhousingthanbefore.(2002.70)42TEM-4____,wewillgoonapicnictomorrow.(2002.76)aIftheweatherwillpermitbTheweatherpermitscWeatherpermittingdWeatherpermitted43TEM-4__rawmaterialsintousefulproductsiscalledmanufacturing.(2002.77)aWhentransformingbTransformingcBeingtransformeddTransform44TEM-4Agricultureisthecountry'schiefsourceofwealth,wheat____byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.(2003.51)aisbbeencbedbeing45TEM-4Time__,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.(2003.58)apermit bpermittingcpermitted dpermits46TEM-4Ifnot____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.(2004.55)abeingtreatedbtreatedcbetreateddhavingbeentreatedShewasstandingoutsideinthesnow,shiveringwithcold.(2004.70)47TEM-4Allflights_____becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetrain.(2004.76)ahavingcanceledbhadbeencanceledcwerecanceleddhavingbeencanceled48TEM-4What'sthechanceof____ageneralelectionthisyear?(2005.61)atherebeingbtheretobectherebedtheregoingtobe49TEM-4Themeetingwasputoffbecausewe__ameetingwithoutJohn.(2005.62)aobjectedhavingbwereobjectedtohavingcobjectedtohavedobjectedtohaving50TEM-4Anyoneopeninganumbrellainfineweatherisunpopularasitinevitablybringsrain!(2006.42)…anyonewishingtoavoidabadeventhadbetterstayindoors.(2006.44)51TEM-4Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,__thespoiltones.(2006.63)anotcounting bnottocountcdon’tcount dhavingnotcounted52TEM-4Onceagain,Dr.Offuttwasthereforme,lettingmeknowthatIcouldcountonhim.(2007.48)53TEM-4__atinhisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.(2007.64)aLookingbLookedcBeinglookeddTolook54TEM-4Cakesofsalt,stampedtoshowtheirvalue,wereusedasmoneyinsomecountriesuntilrecenttimes.(2008.34)Metal,valuedbyweight,precededcoinsinmanypartsoftheworld.(2008.41)55TEM-4Wheninvitedtotalkabouthisachievements,herefusedtoblowhisowntrumpetanddeclinedtospeakatthemeeting.(2008.76)Themoon,beingmuchnearertotheEarththantheSun,istheprincipalcauseofthetides.(2008.79)56ExerciseHefoundIrene__atthepianowithherhandsonthekeys.aseating bseatedcseat dtoseatHehasdevotedhislife__disabledpeople.atohelping btohelpchelping dhelp57ExerciseFirstdesignatedin1970,EarthDayhasbecomeanannualinternationalevent__concernsaboutenvironmentalissuessuchaspollution.adedicatedtoraisingbdedicatedraisingcdedicatedtoraisedthatdedicatestoraising58ExerciseTheNationalGeographicSocietyheadquarters,__inWashington,DC,iswell-knownforitsmagazine.asituated bplacedcstood dpositioned59Exercise__enoughtimeandmoney,theresearcherswouldhavebeenabletodiscovermoreinthisfield.aGiving bTogivecGiven dBeinggiven60ExerciseTheflatsIhavelookedatsofarweretooexpensive.SoI’mbetteroff__whereIam.astay bstayingctostay dstayedHowaboutus__aconcertattheweekend?atogoto bgoingtocgoto dtobegoingto61ExerciseIwouldappreciate__toseemeinmyoffice.ayourcoming byoutocomecyoucome dyoutobecomingThedrunkardwasfound__underthebenchinthepark.atoliedead blyingdeadcliedead dlyingdied62ExerciseNowTimregrets__hardenoughwhileattheuniversity.anottoworkbhavingnotworkedcnothavingworkeddnothaveworked63ExerciseThebedsheetsandpillowswillwant__,Isuppose.awashing btowashcbeingwashed dtohavewashed64ExerciseDoyouremember__toProfessorDayduringhislastvisittoourdepartment?atobeintroducedbtointroducecbeingintroduceddintroducing65Mocktest1Allflights__becauseofthebadweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.awerecanceled bhavingcanceledchadbeencanceleddhavingbeencanceled66Mocktest2__inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshipstotaling$21,000.aJudgedthebestbJudgingthebestcTobejudgedthebestdHavingjudgedthebest673Beforetheexaminationhehadthelights__thewholenight.aburned btoturncburning dburnThesaleusuallytakesplaceoutsidethehouse,withtheaudience__onbenches,chairsorboxes.ahavingseated bseatingcseated dhavingbeenseated68Mocktest__waitingforher,heheadedhome.aFeedingupwith bTobefedupwithcFedupwith dTofeedupwith69Mocktest6Henryissoindifferenttohisappearancethatheneverhashisclothes__.apressedorshinehisshoesbpressedorhisshoesshinedctopressorhisshoestoshinedpressingorhisshoesshined70Mocktest“Howdidthegroupimproveitsdiscussion?”“Theyalltookpart,eachmember__theresponsibilityofleadingonemeeting.”ahaving btohavechashad dhas71MocktestBothAlice’sparentsareveryinterestedintheirdaughter’sattempt__thechannel.atoswim bswimcswimming dswam72MocktestApartfromcaringforherchildren,shehastotakeonsuchheavy__houseworkascarryingwaterandfirewood.atime-consumedbtimely-consumedctime-consumingdtimely-consuming73Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested__atthenexttown.atostop bstoppingcstop dhavingstopped11Thesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgo__bythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.aunrecorded btobeunrecordedcunrecording

dtohavebeenunrecorded74MocktestItisnouse__withher.Youmightaswell__withastonewall.Sheisincapableofseeinganyoneelse’spointofview.aarguing;arguing bargue;arguectoargue;arguingdarguing;argue75Mocktest__oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.aTobefree bFreeingcTofree dFreedI’llneverforget__youforthefirsttime.atomeet bmeetingctohavemet dhavingtobemeeting76Theprofessorcouldhardlyfindsufficientgrounds__hisargumentsinfavorofthenewtheory.atobebasedon btobaseoncwhichtobaseon donwhichtobaseCornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit__inCuba.abeingcultivated bbeencultivatedchavingcultivated dcultivating77MocktestYouwillseethisproduct__wherevery