【语言文化】英美概况模版课件

英语国家社会与文化UnionJackisthenationalflagoftheUnitedKingdom.Itcombinesthered-on-whitecrossesofEngland’sStGeorgeandIreland'sStPatrick,withthewhite-on-bluecrossofScotland’sStAndrewChapterOneGeographicalFetchersClimateMountains，RiversandLakesNaturalResourcesGeographicalFetchersWheredoesBritainLie?Whatisitsfullname?WhatisthetotallandareaoftheUnitedKingdom?WhatisBritishIsles?Howlongdoesitscoastlinerun?CanyoudescribethelandfeaturesofGreatBritain?WhatPartsdoesthelargestislandofGreatBritainconsistof?DoesBritainconnectwithEuropeanContinent?WhatcountriesareneighborsofBritain?

.BritainissituatedinWesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverandtheEnglishChannel.Itisaninsularcountry.Itscoastlineruns12,429km,Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.TheStraitsofDoverbetweenFranceandEnglandisquitenarrowand

itis33kmacross.

In1985theBritishgovernmentandtheFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnelundertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.ThischanneltunnelwasopenedtotrafficinMay1994aftereightyearshardwork.BritainfacesScandinaviaPeninsular(Norway,SwedenandDenmark)tothenortheastandtotheNorthliesIcelandTothesouthacrosstheEnglishChannelliesFranceandBelgiumandtotheeastacrossNorthSealieGermanyandHolland.TheneighboringcountriesThefullnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.usuallyshortened,abbreviatedtotheUnitedKingdomorU.K.,GreatBritain,BritainorinformallyEngland.Thetotalareaisabout244,820squarekilometers.ItIsover1,000km.fromsouthtonorthanditisabout500km.fromwesttoeast.

BritishIslesBritainGreatBritainTwolargeislandsseveralsmallonestwostates

TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.England,WalesScotlandBritainismadeupofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.Britainisdividedintohighlandareaandlowlandarea.Ithaslargemountainranges:thePennies,TheCumbrianMountainRange,theGrampianMountains,theCambrianMountainRangeandsuchimportantriversasThamesRiver,theSevenRiverMercyRiver,theHumber,theClydeRiverandtheForth.England

EnglandoccupiesthesouthernpartofGreatBritainandisimportantpartoftheKingdominwealth,size,andpopulation.Ithasanareaofmorethan130,000squarekilometersandittakeupnearly60%ofthewholeisland.Thewestandsouthwestisaplateau,withrollingplain,downsandmoors.Thewestcoastisdeeplyindented.Theysupplymanysplendidharborsforships.Thesouthcoastisfairlystraight,alineoflowcliffsbackedbyrollingdown.Thelongtail,whichputsintosea,iscalledCornwallandithasmanyremainsoftheancientBritons.ManyoflegendsofKingArthurareassociatedwithCornwall.

LondonisCapitalofEnglandandBritain.

LondonistheCapitalofBritainAsoneoffivepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil(China,France,RussianFederation,UnitedKingdomandUnitedStates),afoundingmemberofNATO(NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization),andoftheCommonwealth,theUKpursuesaglobalapproachtoforeignpolicy;itcurrentlyisweighingthedegreeofitsintegrationwithcontinentalEurope(它目前正在考虑其与欧洲大陆融合程度).

★NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization:北大西洋公约组织;北约(为捍卫欧洲共同利益而成立,旨在抵御外来军事侵略行动和可能影响欧洲安全利益的战争.1949年4月4日创立,秘书处设在比利时首都布鲁塞尔(Brussels).最高决策机构为北大西洋理事会.

AsamemberoftheEU(EuropeanUnion),itchosetoremainoutsidetheEconomicandMonetaryUnion(经济与货币联盟)forthetimebeing.Constitutionalreform(宪政改革

)isalsoasignificantissueintheUK.TheScottishParliament,theNationalAssemblyforWales,andtheNorthernIrelandAssemblywereestablishedin1999,butthelatterissuspendedduetobickering(argue)overthepeaceprocess.

Location:WesternEurope,islandsincludingthenorthernone-sixthoftheislandofIrelandbetweentheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea,northwestofFranceArea:

total:244,820sqkm

land:241,590sqkm

water:3,230sqkmLandboundaries:

total:360km

bordercountries:Ireland360kmGeography

UnitedKingdom

People

UnitedKingdomPopulation:60,441,457(July2005)AgeStructure:0-14years:17.7%(male5,490,592/female5,229,691)

15-64years:66.5%(male20,329,272/female19,855,862)

65yearsandover:15.8%(male4,063,357/female5,472,683)(2005)Populationgrowthrate:0.28%(2005)PopulationDensity:250personspersqkm(2004estimate)646personspersqmi(2004estimate)Birthrate:10.78births/1,000population(2005)Deathrate:10.18deaths/1,000population(2005)Lifeexpectancy:

totalpopulation:78.38years

male:75.94years

female:80.96years(2005)Urban-rural: urban89.5%;rural10.5%.Sexdistribution: male49.09%;female50.91%.Ethnicgroups:white92.1%,black2%,Indian1.8%,Pakistani1.3%,mixed1.2%,other1.6%(2001census)Officiallanguage:English.Languages:English,Welsh(about26%ofthepopulationofWales),ScottishformofGaelic(苏格兰盖尔语)(about60,000inScotland)★(1)Gaelic

isalanguagespokenbypeopleinpartsofScotlandandIreland.

(2)GaelicmeanscomingfromorrelatingtoScotlandandIreland,especiallythepartswhereGaelicisspoken.

Officialreligion:ChurchesofEngland(Protestantism)(英格兰教会（新教）

)andTheEstablishedChurchofScotland(Protectedbythestate,butnot"official")intheirrespectivecountries;noestablishedchurchinNorthernIrelandorWales.Religions(宗教团体/教派）:Christian(Anglican,RomanCatholic,Presbyterian,Methodist)71.6%,Muslim2.7%,Hindu1%,other1.6%,unspecifiedornone23.1%(2001census)Anglican:圣公会教徒;英国国教徒

RomanCatholic:罗马天主教的教徒Presbyterian:

长老派成员（长老会为苏格兰国教及英国最大教会之一）

Methodist：循道宗信徒（18世纪从英国国教分离出的基督教新教教徒）

Hindu：印度教教徒

II.Scotland

1.IntroductionScotland,themostnortherlyoneofthefourpartsoftheUnitedKingdom,occupiesaboutone-thirdoftheislandofGreatBritain.ItisboundedbyEnglandinthesouthandontheotherthreesidesbysea:bytheAtlanticOceanonthewestandnorthandbytheNorthSeaontheeast(Seethemap).Itisthesecondlargestbothinareaandpopulation.Itsmainlandareais28,269squaremiles(73,217squarekilometers).Includinginhabitedislands,ithasanareaof30,418squaremiles,takinguplessthan30%ofthetotalarea.Itspopulationcovers5,000,000.Thisdoesnotexceed10%ofthewholepopulation.EdinburghisthecapitalofS