2023年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳

2023年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳参考答案一、名词的数语法填空(2023全国I卷62)Thistrend,...,hashadsomeunintendedside 62 (effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.解析：effects表示“一些意料外的副作用〞，故用复数。(2023全国II卷61)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible 61 (crowd)ontheroads...解析：crowds防止拥挤的人群。(2023全国III卷67)Shehasturneddownseveral 67 (invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.解析：invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式。短文改错(2023全国I卷〕Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup!〞“Slowdown!〞“Turnleft!〞解析：word-*words后面有并列的三句话，故word用复数words。(2023全国II卷〕Besides,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数形式。二、代词阅读理解Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay...Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that〞inParagraph3referto?Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.解析：指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的themusichasfailedtoconnect6withyoungergenerations,比拟各选项，只有C正确。语法填空(2023全国II卷67)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing 67 everyday.解析：it指代前句中的therailway。短文改错(2023全国II卷)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.解析：all-*both考查代词。因Mr.andMrs.Zhang是两个人，而all是指三者或三者以上的“都〞，故改all为表示两者“都〞的both。(2023全国III卷〕Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.解析：you—my是“我的〞照片，应是“我的〞学生时代回忆美好的事。(P171第二组第二篇)1canclimbthehills.Allthiswillbeinterestingandgoodforyourhealth.Aboveall,Icanlearnmoreaboutnature.解析(P55):your—my由语境可知，应是对“我的〞身体有益。三、冠词语法填空(2023全国I卷65)As 65result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.解析：a因asaresult固定短语。(2023全国III卷62)Instead,sheisearning£6,500adayas 62modelinNewYork.解析：a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词。(2023全国II卷64)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover 64 top.解析：the特指这条路的短文改错(2023全国1卷〕IstillrememberhowhardAfirstdaywas.解析：在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，也可用my,表示“我学习驾驶的第一天〞。(2023全国II卷〕Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.解析：a改成an/one因half是以元音音素开头的，表示数量“一〞，要用an或one。(2023全国III卷)AroundmeinApicturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime解析：在picture前加the或this特指上面提到的这张照片。四、介词语法填空(2023全国I卷61)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界〕61 amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease...解析：as表示“作为〞一种方法。(2023全国II卷62)...andallowedpeopletoavoidterriblecrowdsontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand 62 work.解析：from因是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回〞，toandfromwork意为“上下班〞。(2023全国III卷68)Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree 68 engineeringorarchitecture.解析：in表示“某方面的学位〞用介词in。又如：take/getadegreeinlaw获得法律学位。短文改错(2023全国I卷]0)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenstopjustinthemiddleontheroad.解析：on-*of考查介词。表示“在y…的中间〞是inthemiddleof。(2023全国II卷6)Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.解析：for考查介词。因buy是及物动词，表示买某物，其后直接接宾语。(2023全国III卷1)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyselfIrealizeofhowfasttimeflies.解析：删除realize后的of因realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句，不再用介词of，故删除。五、并列连词短文改错(2023全国I卷〕Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,soonceIstartedthecar,mymindwentblank.解析：so-*but/yet考查并列连词。前后是转折关系。(2023全国III卷〕Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically,andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：and—but因notonly...butalso是固定搭配。六从句连词定语从句语法填空(2023全国I卷70)Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(口乞;betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood...Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth, 70 isnotgoodforthehealth.解析：which引导非限制性定语从句用which。(2023全国III卷64)ButSarah, 64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who。短文改错(2023全国II卷)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.解析：tha卜which考^从句连词。引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先行词garden是物，用which。(2023全国III卷〕Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime...解析：they-*that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是物，应用that或which。七、谓语动词时态语法填空(2023全国I卷67)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood 67 (be)fulloffatandsalt.解析：is主第M称单词，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。(2023全国II卷68)Later,engineers 68(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道〕whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossible...解析：managed这是谓语动词，根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，也用一般过去时。(2023全国III卷69)MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school 69 (come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.解析：comes由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时。短文改错(2023全国I卷4)Beforegettingintothecar,IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor’sorders,butonceIstartedthecar,mymindgoesblank.解析：goes---went上下文均为一般过去时。(2023全国II卷9)Whensummercame,theywillinvitetheirstudents...解析：came-*comes主句谓语动词willinvite是一般将来吋，从句应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填comes。(2023全国III卷2)Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically,butalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.解析：had-*have因inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用，故改had为have。(2023全国III卷5)Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.解析：become-*-became由and可知，become应与前面的entered—致，又由从句谓语was可知，用一般过去时。语态语法填空(2023全国I卷64)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat...Whenfatandsalt 64 (remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.解析：areremoved表示“被移除〞，上下文为现在时。(2023全国II卷65)Steamengines 65(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers...However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess...解析：wereused因与是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，填wereused。(2023全国III卷63)Sarah 63(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschool...解析：hasbeentold/wastold由tellsbsth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知，应是“己有人告诉她〞或“曾有人告诉她〞，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的被动语态。短文改错(2023全国III卷〕Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschool...解析：took-*taken这是被动语态，应是was加take的过去分词，而take的过去分词是taken，故took改为taken。七、非谓语动词语法填空1.(2023全国I卷63)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired 63 (process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.解析：toprocess由requiresbtodosth可知，用不定式作主补。(2023全国III卷65)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants 65 (prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.解析：toimprove由wanttodosth.可知。(2023全国I卷68)Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;by 68 (eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词。(2023全国II卷63)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad, 63 (lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroof...解析：laying与前面的digging及后面的andthenbuilding为并列关系，—起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致〞可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying(铺)。(2023全国III卷61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term 61 (rest).解析：resting由spend...doingsth.可知。短文改错(2023全国II卷10)Whensummercome,theywillinvitetheirstudentsApickthefreshvegetables!解析：在pick前加to考查非谓语动词。由invitesbtodosth可知。八、词类转换语法填空(2023全国II卷69)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe 69 (introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.解析：introduction作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表示“采用，引入〞，故填introductiono(2023全国III卷66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher 66(educate).解析：education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词。(2023全国1卷69)However,be 69(care)nottogotoextremes.解析：careful作表语要用形容词厂(2023全国II卷70)TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost 70 (success)ofthesenewlines...解析：successful因themostsuccessful为形容词的最高级，后面省略了名词lineso(2023全国III卷70)Itis 70(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.解析：certainly修饰动词用副词，意为：这“当然是〞有趣的事。6.(2023全国II卷66)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen 66 (fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.解析：fairly修饰形容词unpleasant，表示“相当地〞，用副词fairly。短文改错*(2023全国I卷〕ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.解析：suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换。在名词前作定语要用形容词。(2023全国III卷〕Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekindsofcarsandplanes...解析：difference—different在名词前作定语要用形容词。八、比拟等级语法填空(2023全国I卷66)Even 66(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.解析：worse表示比这“更糟糕的是〞。短文改错(2023全国I卷〕Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmeto