高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit-10

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSE1编辑pptUnit10

TheRoleofEducation

2编辑pptContent

Startingout

ReadingFocus

ReadingMore

PracticalTranslation

FocusedWriting

FinalProject3编辑pptTask1Thefollowingisalistofthecorecoursesofferedbycollegesoruniversities.Selectwhatyouthinkarethethreemostimportantcorecoursesfromthelistbelow.Compareyourchoiceswiththoseofyourpartner’sandgivereasonsforyourchoices.(P276)StartingoutEconomicsGeographyHistoryPhysiologyPsychologyEnglish,dancing,etc)Arts(music,paintingMathPhilosophyChineseP.E.ComputerManagementReligionLaw4编辑pptTask2Inthemid1980s,China’scollegeenrollmentratestoodatabout3%ofthepopulation,lowerthanthatofmanyotherdevelopingcountries.Intheearly1990s,thenumberroseto5%.In1999,universitiesenrolled1.59millionstudents,whichwasa41.2percentrisefromthepreviousyear.Sincethen,thenumbershavejustkeptclimbing.In2002,thecollegeenrollmentratereached15%percent.Itroseto19%in2005.Somepeoplethinktheexpansionpolicyisnecessarytoimprovethequalityofthenation’seducationwhileothersbelievethattheexpansionisresponsibleforadeclineinthequalityofteachingaswellastheintensecompetitioninthejobmarket.Whatisyouropiniononthisissue?Useexamples,factsorfigurestosupportyourideas.(P276)

Startingout—Task25编辑pptTask2Usefulwordsandexpressions:Startingout—Task2ajust,equitableandproductivesocietyqualityofeducationskilledworkforcelow-incomeareasminoritystudentsrisingtuitionfeesheavyfinancialburdenmeetthedemandsoftheworkplaceincapableoftacklingpracticalproblemsboosteconomicdevelopmentincreasetheskillbaseofthecountry6编辑pptTask3InmostpartsofChina,whenstudentsreachthesecondgradeatseniorhighschool,theyarerequiredtospecializeineitherscienceorartscourses.Thetwocoursesareverydifferentandsomepeopledislikebeingstreamlinedsoearlyintheireducationalcareer.Whatdoyouthinkofthispractice?Talktoyourpartnerandtellthemaboutyourexperience.(P277)Startingout—Task37编辑pptStartingoutNowwatchavideoaboutPrincetonUniversity.Listencarefullyandcompletetheblank-fillingexercise.8编辑ppt1.PrincetonUniversityislocatedinPrinceton,NewJerseyinthesuburbanhistorictownof___________________includingfarmlandsandforests.2.Oneofthethingsthatwe’veseeninthelastyearsis

__________________intheclass.3.Princetonoffersoneofthestrongestfinancialaidprogramsinthecountry.That’swhy58%ofundergraduatesreceivefinancialaidthat’snotneeded______________.4.SomeofthemostpopularmajorsinPrincetonarepolitics,history,_______________________________.5.Ourfacultiesareleadersintheirfieldsandthey’repushingback_________________intermsoftheirresearch.Startingoutdiversesurroundingsthegenderbalance

tobepaidbackmolecularbiologyandengineeringintellectuallimits9编辑pptTheRoleoftheAcademyinTimesofCrisisReadingFocus10编辑ppt

GlobalUnderstanding

2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation111编辑pptListentoatalkoneducationandeducationalsystem,andanswerthefollowingquestions.1)What’sthepurposeofeducation?2)What’sthoughttobefashionableinmanymoderncountries?3)Whydosomepeoplerefusetodowhattheythinkofaslowjobs?4)Whyistheworkofacompletelyuneducatedfarmerfarmoreimportantthanthatofaprofessor?5)Whatkindofeducationisvaluabletothesociety?BackgroundInformation12编辑pptReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingTask1It’simportanttobeabletofindthemainideainaparagraph.Themainideatellsthereaderwhattheparagraphismostlyabout.Alloftheothersentencesinaparagrapharedetailsthattellthereadermoreaboutthemainidea.Themainideaisusuallystatedinatopicsentence.Thetopicsentenceisoftenthefirstsentenceoritmaycomealittlelaterintheparagraphorevenattheend.It’simportanttobeabletodistinguishthemainideafromthesupportingdetailsinreadingmaterials.Sometimesthemainideaisnotwrittenexplicitlybutrathersuggested.Sometimesitmaybeexpressedinmorethanonesentence.Therearesevenparagraphsinthistext.Writedownthemainideaofeachparagraph.(P283)13编辑pptPara1:Para2:Para3:Para4:ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingOursociety’sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisclearfromthegenerosityofgovernmentinvestmentinresearchbutitcomeswithexpectation.Modernacademicstudyrelatestotheworld;itisnotapartfromitasinthepast.Americansocietyhasalong-standingconsensusaboutthevalueofeducation.Wehaveanobligationtosearchfornewideasandknowledge.14编辑pptPara

5:Para

6:Para

7:

ReadingFocus

–GlobalUnderstandingWehaveanobligationtodisseminatenewideaandknowledge.Wehavethethirdobligationtoeducatethenextgenerationofcitizensandleaders.Weshouldcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.15编辑pptTask2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.

(P284)Key:2 3 4 56 7 8 9 10BCBBCCACCCReadingFocus

–

DetailedInformation16编辑pptCriticalThinkingReadingFocus17编辑pptStepOneReadthefollowingsentencesfromthetextanddecidewhetheryouagreewiththeauthor.Workingroupstoprovideexamplestosupportorargueagainsttheauthor’sopinions.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingThesearchfornewideasandknowledgeisnotandcannotbemotivatedbyutilitarianconcern.Weshouldfirstandforemostcultivatethequalitiesofthoughtanddiscernmentinourstudents.18编辑pptStepTwoDiscusswithyourpartnerthefollowingquestions.Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeofeducation?Doyouthinktheideaofaliberalartseducationaspreparationforaprofessionisanarrowone?Whyorwhynot?ReadingFocus—CriticalThinking19编辑pptOursociety’sconfidenceinitsinstitutionsofhighereducationisexpressedthroughthegenerousinvestmentsofthefederalandstategovernmentsinbasicandappliedresearch,investmentsthatwiselycouplesupportforresearchwithsupportforgraduateeducation.(Para2)couple…with:

ifonethingiscoupledwith

another,theyhappenorexisttogetherandproduceaparticularresult并提；加上e.g.

1)Lackofraincoupledwithhightemperaturescausedthecropstofail.2)Hisenergyandintelligence,coupledwithherskillandpatience,overcamealldifficulties.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

20编辑ppt2.Intimesoftrouble,itisespeciallyimportantthatweliveuptotheseexpectations.(Para2)liveupto:ifsomethingorsomeonelivesuptoastandard,reputation,orpromise,theydoaswellastheywereexpectedto,dowhattheypromised符合（标准）；不负（盛名）；履行（诺言）e.g.

1)Heworkshardandwillprobablyliveuptohisparents’expectations.2)Thebankisinsolventandisunabletoliveuptoitsobligations.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

21编辑ppt3.Themedievalimageoftheuniversityasanivorytower,withscholarsturnedinwardinsolitarycontemplation,immunizedfromthecaresoftheday,isanimagethathasbeensupersededbythemodernuniversityconstructednotofivory,butofahighlyporousmaterial,onethatallowsfreediffusioninbothdirections.(Para3)

contemplation(n.):

quiet,seriousthinkingaboutsomething沉思e.g.

1)Heislostincontemplationabouthisfuture.2)Themonksspendanhourincontemplationeachmorning.

supersede(v.):

toreplace代替，取代

e.g.Televisionsupersededradiointhefifties.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

22编辑pptdiffusion(n.):

spreadingideasorinformationamongalotofpeople传播，散播

e.g.1)Thediffusionofideasacrossbordersis

one

reasonforEurope’ssuccess.

2)ThediffusionofnewsbyradioandTV

maybe

affectedbytheInternet.翻译：中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事——这一形象已被现代大学所取代——现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

23编辑ppt4.Wealsohavelearnedthatitisunwisetosearchonlyinpredictableplaces,fornewknowledgeoftendependsuponpreparingfertilegroundinobscureplaceswhereserendipityandgoodluck,aswellasdeepintelligence,cansprout.(Para4)

serendipity(n.):

thenaturalabilitytomakeinterestingorvaluablediscoveriesbyaccident翻译：同时，我们也得知，只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的，因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤，在那些领域，好运气同深奥的智慧一样能开花结果。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

24编辑ppt5.Freedomofinquiry,whichisoneofourmostcherishedorganizingprinciples,isnotjustamoralimperative,itisapracticalnecessity.(Para4)imperative(n.):

anessentialorurgentthing需要e.g.

1)Tacklingmalariaisnowaninternationalimperative.2)Distributingfoodaidisanimportantmoral

imperativeinthatsociety.imperative(adj.):extremelyimportantandneedingtobedoneordealtwithimmediately急需的e.g.

1)Itisimperativethatpoliticiansshouldbegood

communicators.2)Itisimperativetomeetfacetofacewiththeclient.ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

25编辑ppt6.Itconsistsinthepowertodistinguishgoodreasoningfrombad,inthepowertodigestandinterpretevidence,inthehabitofcatholicobservationandapreferenceforthenon-partisanpointofview,inanaddictiontoclearandlogicalprocessesofthoughtandyetaninstinctivedesiretointerpretratherthantosticktotheletterofreasoning,inatasteforknowledgeandadeeprespectfortheintegrityofthehumanmind.(Para6)catholic

(adj.):includingaverywidevarietyofthings广泛的,普遍的e.g.

1)Shehasacatholictasteinmusic.2)Youhaveacatholicarrayofbooksonyourbookshelf.

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

26编辑pptnon-partisan

(adj.):notsupportingtheideasofanypoliticalpartyorgroup无党派的

翻译：它包括了：辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力，消化与阐释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯，对于持客观见解的偏好，执着于清晰有条理的思维过程，本能地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意义，对知识的鉴赏力，对人类健全心智的无限尊重。

ReadingFocus

–LanguagePoint

27编辑pptKey1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-Task1Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P287)ReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

ACDBBBCDAB28编辑pptTask21.Tosolveaproblemyouhavetounderstandits__________causes.2.Oncewe’vehadthedisease,we’reusually_________forlife.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.

(P288)imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

underlyingimmune29编辑ppt3.IwasratherquietasIdidn’tfeelIhadmuchwisdomto________onthesubject.4.Abroadandbalancededucationisa(n)__________forraisingstandards.5.Thefortwas___________toattackfromthenorth.6.Theirideas_________quicklyacrossEurope.imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

impartimperativevulnerablediffused30编辑ppt7.Economicconcernsare________inmanyvoters’minds.8.Iwenttoa(n)__________lecturethismorning.9.Thereport____________thedifficultissuesattheheartofscientificpolicy.10.Heisamanofambitionand____________.imparteloquentimmunizeilluminationscholarimperativediffusionvulnerabilityforemostunderlieReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

foremostscholarlyilluminatedeloquence31编辑pptTask3Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordfromthebox.Changetheformifnecessary.(P288)Key1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-deepercontributeexplore

potentialhowproductivelikelyproduceNationallydedicatedReadingFocus–VocabularyinAction

32编辑pptAmerica’sFailureinScienceEducationReadingMore33编辑pptReadingMore

GlobalUnderstanding

CriticalThinking

LanguagePoints

VocabularyinAction1

2

3

4

34编辑pptCompletethefollowingextractwithinformationfromthetext.

Whenitcomestoeducatingthenextgenerationinsubjectsofscienceandtechnology,USstudentshavefallenfarbehindtheircompetitorsinmuchofWesternEuropeand1)_____________.AccordingtotheThirdInternationalMathematicsandScienceStudy,bythetimeUSstudentsreachtheirsenioryearofhighschool,theyrankbelow2)___________________in17othercountriesin3)______________________.ThistrendhasdisturbingimplicationsnotjustforthefutureofAmericantechnologicalleadershipbutfor4)_________________.FederalReserveBoardChairmanAlanGreenspanwarnedthatthecountryhasdevelopedashortageofhighlyskilledworkersand5)_____________lesser-skilledworkersandtheNationalScienceBoardhasexpressedthesameconcerninarecentreport.ReadingMore—Global

UnderstandingAsiannationstheircounterpartsmathandscienceliteracythebroadereconomyasurplusof35编辑ppt Anumberoffactorscontributetothesituation.Firstly,untilnow,Americahascompensatedforitslackofeducatedscientistsby6)______________________.Butitmaynotbeabletocontinuetorelyonthisasbrilliantyoungscientistsinoverseascountriesfindtheyhave7)___________________________intheirhomecountries.Secondly,PresidentBush’seducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybe8)_________________________,becauseNCLBcurrentlyrequiresthatstudentsbetestedonlyin9)_________________.Finally,thereisasevereshortageof10)_______________________.Alargenumberofscienceteachersinhighschoolsdon’tevenhave11)________________inscience.Moreover,eventhosewhohaveasciencedegreeareoftenteachingoutside12)_____________________.ReadingMore—Global

Understandingimportingbrainpowerbetterworkingopportunitiesexacerbatingtheproblemreadingandmathqualifiedscienceteachersamajororminortheirareaofexpertise36编辑pptCriticalThinkingReadingMore37编辑pptDiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartnerandthenreportyourideastotheclass.ReadingMore—CriticalThinkingDoyouwanttofurtheryourstudyinanoverseascountry?Whyorwhynot?Ifyes,whichoverseascountrywillyouconsiderfirst?Why?38编辑pptReadingMore—CriticalThinkingTheauthorthinksthatbrightyoungIndianorChinesescientistsmaywellhavebetteropportunitiesathomethanintheUSasglobalizationaccelerates.Doyouagreewithhim?Whyorwhynot?39编辑ppt1.Butbraceyourselfforwhatyou’llfind.(Para.1)

brace…for：tomentallyorphysicallyprepareforsomethingunpleasantthatisgoingtohappen使准备迎接（困难）e.g.

1)Thecitybraceditselfforthepossibilityofanotherearthquake.2)Nancybracedherselffortheinevitablearguments.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

40编辑ppt2....“thefuturestrengthoftheUSscienceandengineeringworkforceisimperiled,”

…

(Para.3)imperil(v.):toputsomethingorsomeoneindanger危及e.g.Thewholeprojectwasimperiledbyalackoffunds.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

41编辑ppt3.…

“theglobalcompetitionforscienceandengineeringtalentisintensifying...”

(Para.5)

intensify

(v.):toincreaseindegreeorstrength,ortomakesomethingdothis加强，增强e.g.

1)Hismother’sdeathintensifiedhisloneliness.2)Economicconditionsintensifiedthepressureonindustrytoraiseprices.

ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

42编辑ppt4.ButHanushekfiguresthatthe4%annualincreasealonewouldbeenoughtooffsettheentirecostofAmerica’spublicK-126schoolsystemforthesameyear.(Para.7)

offset

(v.):ifthecostoramountofsomethingoffsetsanothercostoramount,thesituationisbalancedieitremainsthesame补偿，抵消

e.g.1)Hewasabletooffsethistravelexpensesagainsttax.2)Thegainswereoffsetbythelossessotherewasnoprofit.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

43编辑pptReadingMore–LanguagePoint

5.“Ironically,PresidentBush’seducation-reforminitiative,NoChildLeftBehind,maybeexacerbatingtheproblem.(Para.9)exacerbate

(v.):

tomakeabadsituationworse使加剧，使恶化e.g.Idon’twanttoexacerbatethesituation.44编辑ppt6.Youdon’thavetobeascientisttorecognizethatthestatusquoisarecipeforbigtrouble...(Para.11)

bearecipefor:tobelikelytocauseaparticularresult很可能是造成⋯⋯的原因；是⋯⋯的秘诀

e.g.

1)Goodfriends,plentyoffoodandawarmatmospherearearecipeforasuccessfulparty.2)Hesaidthatfivesmallboysonskiswouldbearecipefordisaster;itwouldnotbeaholiday.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

45编辑ppt7.Asthingsstandnow,sciencegraduatessimplyhavetoomanylucrativealternativestoteaching.(Para.13)

lucrative

(adj.):profitable;ajoboractivitythatislucrativeletsyouearnalotofmoney赚钱的e.g.1)Theynegotiatedalucrativecontractthathelpedtosavethecompanyfrombankruptcy.2)Thousandsofex-armyofficershavefoundlucrativejobsinprivatesecurityfirms.ReadingMore–LanguagePoint

46编辑pptTask1

Key1-2-3-4-5-

6-7-8-9-10-Choosethewordthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentence.(P295)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

ACBDCABCAC47编辑pptTask21.sweepA.Theywanttomake_______________changestoeducationpolicies.B.Bert__________thepathinfrontofthehouse.2.addressA.ThenewPresidentdeliveredhisinaugural____________inCreole.B.Ourproducts______________theneedsofserioususers.Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriateformofthewordgivenandexplainitsmeaning.(P295)ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

sweeping

(adj.)swept(v.)address(n.)address(v.)48编辑ppt

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

3.stunA.Redfern_____________thecrowdwithalast-minutegoal.B.Youlookabsolutely_______________inthatdress.4.ironicA.Yourcarwasstolenatthepolicestation!How___________!B.________________;hiscoldgotbetteronthelastdayofhis

holiday.5.contendA.Threearmedgroupsare_________________forpower.B.Sheisastrong______________fortheTeacheroftheYear.stunned(v.)stunning(adj.)ironic(adj.)Ironical

ly(adv.)contending(v.)contender(n.)49编辑ppt

ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

6.depressA.Thewholeexperiencewasvery_______________.B.Thethoughtoftakingtheexamagain________________him.7.figureA.Government____________underestimatetheproblem.B.Fromthewayhebehaved,I____________thathewasdrunk.8.rankA.DuringthewarHaroldhadrisentothe____________ofmajor.B.Thetaskshavebeen______________inorderofdifficulty.depressing(adj.)depressed(v.)figures(n.)figured(v.)rank(n.)ranked(v.)50编辑ppt9.qualifyA.Freeschoollunchesaregiventochildrenwho________.B.Ifyoudon’tspeakGerman,you’renot__________tocomment.10.majorA.Therearetwo__________politicalpartiesintheUS.B.He’s___________inPoliticalScience.ReadingMore–VocabularyinAction

qualify(v.)qualified(adj.)major(adj.)majoring(v.)51编辑pptPracticalTranslation52编辑ppt英语抽象名词分为品质抽象名词和行为抽象名词两大类。品质抽象名词

品质抽象名词，一旦具体化，就可以指称人或事的某种品质、特点、状态，或是具有这种品质、特点、状态的人和事。翻译这些抽象名词时往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品质、特点、状态等方面的词来表示它们的用法。抽象名词的翻译53编辑pptMeanwhileindividualschoolsaremovingontheirowntoredresstheimbalancebetweenteachingandresearch.

译文：与此同时，各学校正采取措施纠正教学与科研不平衡的状况。

2.Pennsylvaniarecentlyrequiredthestate’s162collegesanduniversitiestotestandcertifythefluencyoftheirfaculties.译文：宾夕法尼亚近来要求本州的162所学院和大学教员的英语流利程度进行测试并提供证明。此例中的imbalance若译成汉语的“不平衡”，不是很符合汉语的行文习惯，因此翻译时把它具体化为“不平衡的状况”。本例中的fluency处理成“流利程度”较字面上的“流利”更符合汉语的表达习惯。54编辑ppt`行为抽象名词行为抽象名词一旦具体化，就可以指称行为动作的具体过程、性质、状态、特点以及行为动作的时间、地点、程度、原因、结果等。在翻译时同样可以加上适当的词来表明它们的用法55编辑ppt1.Anditisnotwhetheruniversitieshaveproducedvaluableresearchandscholarship.译文：问题也不在于大学是否已取得有价值的科研成果和学术成就。2.By1980,however,visitorsbegancomplainingaboutcrimesdowntown.译文：然而到了1980年，外来的游客开始对闹市区的犯罪活动怨声载道。把抽象名词research和scholarship分别译为“科研成果”和“学术成就”，更符合汉语的表达习惯，增强了译文的可读性。crimes作为一个复数抽象名词，此处有“多起犯罪事件”之意，故译作“犯罪活动”。56编辑pptTranslatethefollowingsentencesandparagraphintoChinese.1.Thisisthebestsolutiontoyourproblem.2.Wehavemadesomeachievements,andwemustguardagainstcomplacency.3.Theremediesyouproposeareneatandeasybutimpossible.4.Fromtheevaporationofwaterpeopleknowthatliquidscanturnintogasesundercertainconditions.5.InAustralia,you’llevenfindjudgescriticizingthelanguageoflegislationandcontracts.57编辑ppt6.Itsideals,craftedovermanygenerations,aremeanttosuffusethenationalconsciousness.Itsscholarsandteachersaremeanttomoveinandoutoftheacademyinpursuitofopportunitiestousetheirexpertiseinpublicservice,inpursuitofcreativeworkthatwillgiveusilluminationandinsightandinpursuitofwaystoturnlaboratorydiscoveriesintousefulthings.58编辑pptTranslationforReference:1.这是你那问题最好的解决方案。2.我们取得了一些成绩，但要防止自满情绪。3.你提的补救措施倒是干脆利落、轻而易举，但

是行不通。4.人们从水的蒸发现象了解到，液体在一定条件

下能变成气体。5.在澳大利亚，人们甚至可以发现，法官们也在

指责立法条文和合同条款中的语言。59编辑pptTranslationforReference:6.（高校的）理想，经由多少代人的铸造，旨在渗入国民意识之中。学者和教师必定要周旋于学院内外以寻觅运用他们的才能为公众服务的机会，寻觅能给我们带来启发和见识的创造性工作，寻觅把实验室的研究发现转化为实际应用的途径。60编辑pptReportsFocusedWriting61编辑pptReportscanbeofvariouskinds,suchasnewsreports,experimental(orlaboratory)reports,survey/researchreports,fieldstudyreports,businessreports.FocusedWriting—WritingSkillAformallabreportisusuallycomprisedofthefollowingtypicalcomponents:TitleAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResultsDiscussionLiteraturecited62编辑pptTitle

Thetitleshouldbelessthantenwordsandshouldreflectthefactualcontentofthepaper.Agoodtitleisstraightforwardanduseskeywordsthatresearchersinaparticularfieldwillrecognize.

FocusedWriting—WritingSkill63编辑pptAbstract

Theabstractsummarizesfouressentialaspectsofthereport:thepurposeoftheexperiment(sometimesexpressedasthepurposeofthereport),keyfindings,significanceandmajorconclusions.Theabstractoftenalsoincludesabriefreferencetotheoryormethodology.Theabstractshouldbeoneparagraphof100-200words.FocusedWriting—WritingSkill64编辑ppt

FocusedWriting—WritingSkillIntroductionTheintroductiondefinesthesubje