英语句子成分64737

句子成分〔一〕句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个局部叫做句子成分。1a主语：主语(Subject)

表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所表达的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句〔当主语不疑问词时〕和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：2a1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.〔名词〕〔代词〕〔数词〕〔不定式〕〔动名词〕〔名词化的形容词〕3a7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.〔主语从句〕〔it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式〕4a谓语

谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.5a谓语

2、复合谓语：〔1〕由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.〔2〕由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.〔3〕由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。6a表语

表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词〔如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等〕之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：7a1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.〔名词〕2.Isityours?〔代词〕3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.〔形容词〕4.Thespeechisexciting.〔分词〕5.Threetimessevenistwentyone.〔数词〕8a6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.〔不定式〕7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.〔动名词〕8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.〔介词短语〕9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.〔副词〕〔副词〕10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.〔表语从句〕9a注意：系动词〔Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1〕状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher.2〕持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeepssilentatthemeeting.

3〕表像系动词用来表示“看起来像〞这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

10a注意：系动词〔Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。

4〕感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5〕变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6〕终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达"结果是;证明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

11a宾语宾语〔Object〕表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.----Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?----Ihavefive.〔名词〕〔代词、动名词〕〔名词〕〔数词〕12a4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink〔that〕heisfitforhisoffice.〔名词化形容词，名词〕〔不定式短语〕〔动名词短语〕〔宾语从句〕13a宾语种类：〔1〕双宾语〔间接宾语+直接宾语〕，例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw后跟to，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save后跟for，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.〔2〕复合宾语〔宾语+宾补〕，例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.14a宾语补足语

宾语补足语〔ObjectComplement〕，用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补〞一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：15a1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.〔名词〕〔形容词〕〔副词〕〔不定式短语〕〔现在分词短语〕〔介词短语〕〔从句〕16a定语

修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下形式表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.〔形容词〕2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.〔分词〕3.Therearemanywomenteachersinourschool.〔名词〕4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.〔代词〕17a5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.〔不定式短语〕6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.〔动名词〕7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.〔介词短语〕8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定语从句)18a状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语〔Adverbial〕。可由以下形式表示：1.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.〔副词及副词性词组〕〔介词词组〕〔不定式短语〕19a4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.〔分词短语〕〔名词〕〔状语从句〕20a9种状语种类：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.〔时间状语〕〔原因状语〕〔条件状语〕〔地点状语〕〔方式状语〕21a6.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.7.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.8.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.9.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.〔伴随状语〕〔目的状语〕〔结果状语〕〔让步状语〕22a

同位语〔Appositive〕对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.插入语〔Parenthesis〕对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.23a练习一.指出以下句子划线局部是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial24a6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.AdverbialS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.25a14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialPredicative..Predicative26a名词/代词/形容词/副词/动词不定式/动词-ing/动词-ed/从句主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语/主补宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lVi名词/代词/The+形容词动词-ing/从句/动词不定式名词/代词/The+形容词动词-ing/从句/动词不定式英语句子基本成分示意图be/feel/seem/lookappear/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.名词/代词/形容词/副词/动词不定式/动词-ing/动词-ed/从句27a句子成分详解表28a有关句子成分的真题：Inthesentence"It'snousewaitingforher",theitalicizedphraseis)____.A.theobjectB.anadverbialC.acomplementD.thesubject此题为句子成分题。在It’snousewaitingforher中，it为形式主语，句子真正的主语是动名词短语waitingforher，应选D〔P.14-18〕。A意为“宾语〞，B意为“状语〞，C意为“补语〞。202129aWhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?A.ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C.YouhavedonePeterafavour.D.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.此题为句子成分题。宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明，这个成分称之为宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成“复合宾语〞，宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。选项A〔P.14-18〕中的manager和宾语John之间存在逻辑主谓关系，故为宾语补足语。而选项B、C、D中的动词后面都是双宾语。202130aIn“Howmuchdoyouthinkheearns?〞,“howmuch〞is______ofthesentence.A.thesubjectB.theadverbialC.theobjectD.thecomplement题解：howmuch在句中作动词think的宾语，主语是you，所以答案为C(P.14-18)。202131aWhichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?A.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtoher?B.Whodoyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?C.Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth?D.Howquicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?考查句子结构。A、B、C选项中doyouthink是插入语，A中what作主语，B中Who作表语，C中Howmuch作earns的宾语，D中是状语。应选C〔P,14-18〕202132a1.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatesCAUSE?A.Whydon'tyoudoitforthesakeofyourfriends?B.IwishIcouldwriteaswellasyou.C.Forallhisefforts,hedidn'tgetanA.D.Hereyeswereredfromexcessivereading.此题为句意理解题。句中的斜体字局部fromexcessivereading是眼睛红的原因，应选D(原因状语)。句意：由于看书太多，她的眼睛红了202133aWhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatespurpose?A.Shesaiditforfun,butotherstookherseriously.B.Forallitseffort,theteamdidn’twinthematch.C.Lindahasworkedforthefirmfortwentyyears.D.HesetoutforBeijingyesterday.考查句子成分，选出目的状语。A目的状语：“为了娱乐〞B让步状语，“尽管付出了很多努力〞C时间状语，D地点状语。应选A202134a4.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause?A.Wearequitecertainthatwewillgetthereintime.B.Hehastofacethefactthattherewillbenopayrisethisyear.C.Shesaidthatshehadseenthemanearlierthatmorning.D.Itissheerluckthattheminersarestillaliveaftertendays.考查句子成分。D中It是形式主语，that引导真实的主语从句，A是表语从句，B是同位语从句C是宾语从句。应选D(P.348)202135a5.Thereisnodoubt____thecoupledidtherightthingincomingbackhomeearlierthanplanned.A.whether B.that C.why D.when考查句子成分，that引导同位语从句。应选B(P.349)202136a64．Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasesisanadverbialofconcession?A．Theyusedtheboxforkeepingtreasures．B．Isteppedasideforhertogetinfirst．C．Forallthatheseemstodislikeme，Istilllikehim．D．Theparentsboughtabirthdaycakefortheirson．64.答案：C考查句子成分-----状语202137a57．whichoftheitalicizedpartsfunctionsasasubject?A．Weneverdoubtthatherbrotherishonest．B．Theproblemisnotwhowillgobutwhowillstay．C．Youmustgiveitbacktowhoeveritbelongsto.D．Itisclearthatthecrimewasdonedeliberately．57.答案：D.考查主语从句(P.348)202138a