-Unit4 Grammar- Intergrated skills 学案牛津译林版英语八年级上册

AU4Grammar&Integratedskills新课讲解Grammar（一）祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。(2)Be+adj.Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！(3)Let's+动词原形Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。(2)Let's(letsb)+not+动词原形Let'snotsayanythingaboutit.对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won'tyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?请把门打开，好吗？(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。Don'tbelateagain,willyou?别再迟到了，行不行？(3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?我们把电视打开，好吗？【特别注意】只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shallwe，而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won'tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？（二）should,oughtto和hadbetter1、掌握基本用法hadbetter，should，oughtto含义及语气有所不同，请看下表：情态动词含义语气备注hadbetter最好最弱Should与oughtto常可通用should应该较强ought应该较强2、should和oughtto均为提建议型情态动词,可表示“责任”、“义务”，常用来劝告别人去做某事，译为“应该”，还勇于纠正某人的错误。其特点是：和另一个动词共同构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形可以表示现在、将来或过去将来，由时间状语或上下文决定。例如： Weoughttobemorecarefulwithourhomework.我们应当更加认真地做作业。YoushouldfollowMr.Wang’sadvice.你应当听王老师的话。sheshouldbebacktomorrow.它应该明天回来。Ioughttodomyhomeworknow.我应该现在就做作业。What’swrongwithmyanswer?Itshouldbe62,not26.我的答案出了什么错误？它应该是62，不是26。(1)、陈述句肯定形式：I/You/He/She/We/Theyshoulddiscussit.oughttodiscussit.否定形式：I/You/He/She/We/Theyshouldnot(shouldn’t)discussit.oughtnot(oughtn’t)todiscussit.(2)、一般疑问句：ShouldWediscussitnow?Oughtweto简略回答：Yes,weshould/oughtto.No,weshouldn’t/oughtnot(oughtn’t)to.(3)、反意疑问句:Youshouldstudyhard,shouldn'tyou?你应该认真学习，是吗？Yououghttostudyhard,oughtn'tyou?Heshouldn’tspeakinclass,shouldhe?你上课不应该讲话，是吗？Heoughtn'ttospeakinclass,oughthe?3、should和oughtto+havedone（一）should/oughtto+havedone意为本来应做但实际没有做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。例如：Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.Yououghttohavecome,butwhydidn'tyou?（二）shouldn’t/oughtn'ttohavedone，意为本来不应做但实际已做，表达遗憾的感情色彩。例如：Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.Youshouldn'thavelefthomewithoutaword.4、should和oughtto+bedoing，表示“应该在（立即）……”例如：Yououghtn’ttobetalkingsomuch.你不应当说这么多话。Theyfelttheyoughttobedoingsomething.他们感到他们应该做点什么事。5、hadbetter表示"最好"hadbetter作为情态动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。I/You/He/She/We/Theyhadbettergotobedearly.I/You/He/She/We/They’dbettergotobedearly.(缩写)(1)陈述句肯定形式：hadbetterdosthYouhadbettergothereatonce.你最好立即去那里。否定形式hadbetternotdosth

Youhadbetternotstartatthistime.此时你最好别出发。(2)一般疑问句：Hadhebetterstartearlyatonce?他最好立即出发吗？Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.(3)反义疑问句：Youhadbetternotgohome,hadyou?你最好别回家，是吗？Shehadbetterwatertheflowersassoonaspossible，hadn’tshe？她最好尽快给花浇水，不是吗？【课堂练习】一、单词拼写1.Areyou(清楚)aboutourplan?2.Passmethe(剪刀),please.3.Where’syourdad?He(修理)hisbikeoverthere.4.Pleasereadallthe(指示)beforeyoutakethemedicine.5.Tellme(准确地)whereheis.6.Theyoungparentswantto(装饰)theroomforthebaby.7.Mydadiscaboutfootball.Heisafootballfan.8.Something(可怕的)happenedtothevillage.9.The(水管)wasbroken,andmyroomwasfwithwater.10.Suzy’scousinhastotakeacinDIY.Heisn’tgoodatit.11.Therearemany(架子)inthesupermarket.12.He(曾经)livedinShanghai13.Thousandsofpeopleathegreatman’sfuneral(葬礼).14.Cthetomatoesintwohalveswiththeknife.15.Alargebouquet(花束)ofrarrivedonherdesk.二、单项选择()1.Idon’tlikethispairofglassesatall.Pleaseshowme.A.theotherone B.theotherpair C.anotherone D.anotherpair()2.IsMr.Readreallyveryill?.He’sinhospital.A.Ihopeso. B.No,heisn’t C.Idon’tthinkso D.I’mafraidnot()3.Canyouhelpmerepairthebike?.Comeandgetitinhalfanhour.A.Noproblem B.I’msorryIcan’t C.Notatall D.It’sapleasure()4.Theremorecarsnowinourcountry.A.have B.are C.is D.has()5.You’dbettercomputergamestoomuch.A.nottoplay B.play C.notplay D.don’tplay()6.IthoughtthatyoufromShanghai.A.are B.were C.willbe D.was()7.You'dbettertoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.A.don'tspend B.nottospend C.tonotspend D.notspend()8.Pleasethecupwater.A.fill,in B.full;in C.fill;with D.full;with()9.Myrecorderisbroken.CouldIuseyours?,butyouhavetoreturnittomorrow.A.I'mnotsure B.Noproblem C.I'msorry InterestedD.Ihopeso()10.TomMaryspeaksgoodChinese,sotheycancommunicatewiththeseChinesestudentsverywell.A.Neither,norB.Notonly;butalsoC.Both;andD.Either;orIntegratedskill要点讲解cut动词，意为“切，割”，其现在分词为cutting,过去式为cut.Mymothercutthetomatoesinhalf.我妈妈把西红柿切成了两半。cut常见词组：cutdown砍倒cutoff分开切断cutopen割开cutin插嘴例：Iffarmers__________treesandforests,giantpandas_____nowheretolive.cutdown:haveB.willcutdown;willhaveC.willcutdown;haveD.cutdown;willhavePiecesof是apieceof的复数形式。不可数名词不可以直接用数次修饰，但可以用像piecesof这样的量词修饰。有类似的用法还有apairof一对，一双abottleof一瓶Where’sthatpieceofmetal?那块金属板在哪儿？Pleasegivemeapieceofbread.请给我一片面包Pleasedon’tgiveup请不要放弃Giveup意为放弃，同义词为stop.后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。giveupdoingsth=stopdoingsthHegaveupsmoking=Hestoppedsmoking.他戒了烟。Itwasadifficulttimeforthequake-hitvictimsinYa’an,buttheydidn’thope.Giveup B.Giveoff C.Givein D.Giveout.should和hadbetter的用法情态动词should常用来表示劝告，建议或义务，意思是“应该”，可用于各种人称，其语气比must，oughtto委婉。后接不带to的动词不定式。此外，should还可表示合理的推论，意思是“应该，理应”Youdriveyourcarsofast,it’sverynecessary.wouldn’tBshouldn’tCcouldn’tDmightn’tmix作为动词，意为“混合”，其第三人称单数形式为mixes,它的形容词形式是mixed.常用短语为mixwith“把东西混合起来”和mixup“弄错，弄混“Oildoesnotmixwithwater油和水不能混合Hisexplanationjustmixedmeupmore他的解释令我更加糊涂了add的用法(1)add表示“加，增加”，常和介词to连用，add...To...把...加到...中去。Ifyouadd4to6,youwillget10四加六等于10(2)add表示“补充（说道）”Motheraddedthatwemustgetbackassoonaspossible.妈妈接着又说我们必须尽早回来。(3)addto表示“增加，增添”其中to是介词，后接名词或代词。有时也可用来表示“扩建”“续写”Thesoldierswereextremelytiredandtheheavyrainaddedtotheirbeauty.add...up表示“把...加起来”addupto...则表示“加起来总和为...”Canyouaddthesetenfiguresup?你能把这十个数字加起来吗？7.祈使句的用法祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。【课堂练习】一、单项选择1.TheTVistooloud.Please.A.turnitdown B.toturnitdown C.turndownit D.toturndownit2.lateagain,Bill!A.Don'ttobe B.Don'tbe C.Notbe D.Benot3.crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturngreen.A.Not B.Won't C.Doesn't D.Don't4.Pleasehelpmecarryit,?A.willI B.willyou C.shallI D.shallwe5.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,?A.willyou B.won'tyou C.shallwe D.doyou6.Doyouknowthegirlunderthetree?A.stand B.tostand C.standing D.stood7.Kate,yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bring B.brings C.tobring D.bringing8.methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.Telling B.Totell C.Told D.Tell9.I'vekeptthedogMaomaoforalongtime.A.Name B.named C.naming D.toname10.Don'tyouknowthatisgoodforourhealth?A.swim B.swimming C.swam D.swims

【课后练习】1.IhearnotonlymanyforeigncountriesbutalsoChinainvolvedinthefinancialcrisis(经济危机)lastyear.A.is B.are C.was D.were2.Wouldyoulikeanothercupoftea??Thanks.A.DoI B.WillI C.MayI D.AmI3.Nicetomeetyou,Mike.?EverythingisOK.Thanks.A.Whatareyoudoing B.WherehaveyoubeenC.Howisitgoing D.What'swrongwithyou4.Heheardofafox,butneversaw.A.that B.one C.it D.theone5.Wedon’tknowwhenthemeeting.Whenthemeeting,pleasetellme.A.holds,begins B.holds,willbebegun C.willhold,isbegun D.willbeheld,begins6.I’dliketotakeaweek’sholiday..We’retoobusy.A.Don’tworry! B.Don’tmentionit C.Pardonme D.Forgetit7.HaveyouheardofAlexanderGrahamBell?Yes,heinventedtelephonein1876.A.／ B.a C.the D.one8.Listen!Davidistalkinghappilywithhismotherinthenextroom.Itbehismother.ShehasgonetoYushutobeavolunteerdoctor.A.should

B.must

C.can't

D.mustn't9.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Iwanttohaveapicnicwithmyfriendsitrains.A.if B.although C.because D.unless10.Hewasnotsureforhismother’sbirthday.Whatdidn’theaskhisdadforsomeadvice?A.whatwashegoingtobuy B.whathewasgoingtobuyC.tobuywhat D.whatheisgoingtobuy11.Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty?Yes,I’veneverbeentoonebefore.A.amoreexciting B.themostexcited C.amoreexcited D.themostexciting12.Wheredoeshecomefrom?I’mnotsure,buthisspokenEnglishAustralia.A.suggests B.sounds C.listens D.smells13.Theteacherfoundhimandgavehimsomedifferenthomeworktodoeveryday.A.wasclever B.wasacleverboy C.acleverboy D.cleverboy14.Thecoatsilklookscoolyou.A.madeof;in B.madefrom;on C.madeof;on D.madein;in15.Isthisparkyou’vevisitedrecently?Yes,it'sthemostbeautifuloneI’veevervisitedbefore.A.theone B.that C.which D.where16.WhenwillHanHan’snewbook?Sorry,Idon'tknow.ButI’msureitwillsellwell.A.comeon B.comeout C.comeup D.comeover17.MayIsmokeintheroom?Sorry,you.Therearesomanychildrenhere.A.mightnot B.couldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t18.itwasforustohearyouplaypianoattheparty！A.Whatfun;the B.Whatafun;the C.Howfun;a D.Howafun;不填19.He’sneversungEnglishsongsbefore,he?.It’shissecondtimetosinginEnglish.A.has;Yes B.is;Yes C.has;No D.is;No20.Mayweleavetheclassroomnow?No,you.Youtoleaveuntilthebellrings.A.mustn’t;areallowed B.can’t;aren’tallowedC.don’thaveto;areallowed D.needn’t;aren’tallowed短文填空Theweekendisusuallyatimeofrest.B1today’sChinesestudentscannotrestduringtheweekends.Accordingtoasurvey(据调查),24%ofthejuniorstudentsinBeijinghaveclassesattheweekend.Over40%oftheJunior3havelesst2eighthours’sleepeachnightbecauseo3toomuchstudy.JiPing,ajuni