《管理学专业英语教程（精编版）（第二版）》课件Unit 8 Operations Management

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WhatisOperationsManagement

EnvironmentalResponsibility

GlobalizationandOperationsDecisionsKnowledgeManagementTechnology

CorporateSocialResponsibilityWhatisOperationsManagementDefinition:theactivityofmanagingtheresourceswhicharedevotedtotheproductionanddeliveryofproductsandservices.OperationsmanagersManagingsome,orall,oftheresourcesWhatisOperationsManagementOneofthethreecorefunctionsThemarketing(includingsales)functionTheproduct/servicedevelop-mentfunctionTheoperationsfunctionWhatisOperationsManagementRoutineaspectsofbusiness?ForefrontofbusinesschallengesGlobalizationCorporatesocialresponsibilityEnvironmentalprotectionTechnologyawarenessKnowledgemanagementAfewthemestoconsiderGlobalizationandOperationsDecisionsCulturalandeconomicdifferencesDay-to-dayactivitiesofoperationsmanagementImpactDoesthismeanthatoperationsshouldbedesignedtoaccommodatetheculturalreactionsofpeopleindifferentpartsoftheworld?Doesthismeanthatweareimposinglowerstandardsonlesswealthypartsoftheworld?GlobalizationandOperationsDecisionsStop！TechnologyandTelecommunicationsShouldtradeliberalizationbeforcedonnations,eveniftheydisagreewiththepoliciesofthosewhowishtoexporttothem?Shouldtherateofliberalizationoftraderulesbereinedintotakeaccountofotherfactors–environmentalprotection,forexample?GlobalizationandOperationsDecisionsTypicalaimsincludethefollowing1.Acknowledgingsharedresponsibilitiesforaddressingglobalchallengesandaffirmingthat

ourcommonhumanitydoesn’tstopatnationalborders2.Recognizingthatallindividualsareequalindignityandhavetherighttocertainentitlements,ratherthanviewingthemasobjectsofbenevolenceorcharity3.Embracingtheimportanceofgenderandtheneedforattentiontotheoftendifferentimpactsofeconomicandsocialpoliciesonwomenandmen4.Affirmingthataworldconnectedbytechnologyandtrademustalsobeconnectedby

sharedvalues,normsofbehaviourandsystemsofaccountabilityBut

theethicalglobalizationmovementseekstoreconciletheglobalizationtrendwithhowitcanimpactonsocieties.GlobalizationandOperationsDecisionsOrganizationsandtheiroperationsfunctionshaveresponsibilityforthegeneralwell-beingofsocietybeyondshort-termeconomicself-interest.Recognizinganddealinghonestlywithemployeerepresentatives.Devisingjobsandworkpatternswhichallowindividualstocontributetheirtalentswithoutunduestress.GrouplevelIndividuallevelSuppliers,TradingpartnersandLargerCommunityExtendsbeyondtheboundariesoftheorganizationCorporateSocialResponsibilityCustomersCustomers’welfareisdirectlyaffectedbymanyoperations’decisionsStaffStaffareconstantlyexposedtotheethicalframeworkoftheorganizationthroughouttheirworkinglivesSuppliersSuppliersarealwaysasourceofethicaldilemmafortheoperationCommunityThecommunityalsohasarighttoexpectitsorganizationstoadoptaresponsibleattitudeCorporatesocialresponsibilitycanbeseenasthebroadapplicationofethicsindecisionmaking.EnvironmentalResponsibilityoperationalfailurepollution-causingdisastersGoodnews:mostbusinessesarenowrecognizingtheirenvironmentalresponsibilities,oftenrespondingtopressuresfromlegislators,regulators,customersandlocalcommunities.ButEnvironmentalResponsibilityEnvironmentalBurden:EB=P×A×TwhereP=thesizeofthepopulationA=theaffluenceofthepopulation(aproxymeasureforconsumption)T=technology(initsbroadestsense,thewayproductsandservicesaremadeanddelivered,inotherwordsoperationsmanagement)

Possibilitytochange√EnvironmentalResponsibilityOperationsmanagementEnvironmentalresponsibility?CoincideReductionMaterialswastageEnergywastageLabourwastageSavescostLong-termrecyclablesEnvironmentalResponsibilityOperationsmanagementEnvironmentalresponsibilityConflictJust-in-timeprinciplesSignificanteconomicgainsButanovercrowdedandpollutedroadsystemSuchconflictsareusuallyresolvedthroughregulationandlegislation.TechnologyThepaceoftechnologicalchangeandthewaymakeitdifficulttopredicttheeffects.Implicationsforoperationsmanagers:1.tomonitortheenvironmentforemergingtechnologies2.movequicklyinordertoadapttotechnologicalchange.3.therelationshipbetweentheoftenunpredictablepotentialofnewtechnologiesandthewayinwhichtheymanagetheiroperations.TechnologyTechnologiesSustainingTechnologiesDisruptiveTechnologiesThosewhichimprovetheperformanceofestablishedproductsandservicesalongthesamedimensionsofperformancewhichthemajorityofcustomershavehistoricallyvalued.Thosewhich,intheshortterm,cannotmatchtheperformancethatcustomersexpectfromproductsandservices.Theydonotoftenprovideconventionallyenhancedproductorservicecharacteristics.ImproveovertimeAllwillbeacceptabletothemarketsKnowledgeManagementAcurrententhusiasmBecause“knowledge”liesattheheartoftheirvalue-addingprocesses.Createdrandomly?Theyweretheproductofawholecollectionofdecisionsandactionsbasedonanevenlargercollectionofknowledge.Whatistheknowledgewhichoperationsmanagementcreatesanddeploystotransformtheseinputresourcesintoproductsandservices?KnowledgeManagementDataaretheobjectivefactsindependentofanycontext.Informationisdatawhichhasbeenanalyzedorotherwisemanipulatedintermsofitscontext.Knowledgeisinformationwhichis