高考英语时态和语态

动词谓语动词时态、语态虚拟语气非谓语动词不定式动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词的分类语态时态主动被动一般现在时v./v.sam/is/are+done一般过去时V+edwas/were+done一般将来时will+v.willbe+done过去将来时would+v.wouldbe+done过去完成时had+donehadbeen+done现在完成时have/has+donehave/hasbeen+done将来完成时willhave+donewillhavebeen+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+done过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being+done最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在every…,sometimes,onSundays现在进行now现在完成for,since,sofar,ever,never,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastyears,recently一般过去yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow过去进行thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,ateightyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while过去完成…before,by,until,when,after,once,assoonas一般将来next…,tomorrow,in…过去将来多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作1)经常性或习惯性的动作1.I______ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven’thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play2.---_____myglasses?----Yes,Isawthemonyourbedaminuteago.A.DoyouseeB.HadyouseenC.wouldyouseeD.Haveyouseen

一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2)客观真理，科学事实或格言警句①Knowledgebeginswithpractice.②Shesaidthattheseawaterissalty.③Insomepartsoftheworld,suchasinEngland,tea____withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.servesC.isservedD.served

一般现在时的用法

3）按时刻表将要发生的事。句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。主语通常是车，船，飞机等

Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.

4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

①Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothecountryside.②----Puttheseglassesawaybeforethey_____.----OK.I’llputtheminthecupboard.A.havebroken B.arebreakingC.getbroken D.willbebroken

③I’vebroughtmytennisthingsalongincasewe_____timeforagametomorrow.A.shallhaveB.haveC.willhaveD.aregoingtohave④----CanIdriveonthefreeway,MrGreen?-----Youcanwhenyou_____abitmoreskilled.A.willgetB.aregettingC.willhavegotD.get

一般过去时的用法

1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态1.----Look!Someonehasspiltcoffeeonthecarpet.----Well,it_____me.A.isn’tB.wasn’tC.hasn’tbeenD.hadn’tbeen2.----I’veboughtaboxofchocolatesforourdaughter.---Oh,howgoodadad!Butshedoesn’tlikesweetthings._____that?A.Don’tyouknowB.Haven’tyouknownC.Didn’tyouknowD.Hadn’tyouknown一般过去时的用法

注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别

一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。Iwrotealetterthismorning.

今天上午我写了一封信。（信已写完）②

Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.

今天上午我在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）

1.----HasTommyfinishedhisjobyet?----Ihavenoideaofit;he____itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did2.Asshe____thenewspaper,Granny______asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell3.Allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor,hernervousness_____.A.hasgrownB.isgrowingC.grewD.hadgrown4.---I’msorry,Ishouldn’thavebeensorudetoyou.-----You_____yourtemperbutthat’sOK.A.havelostB.hadlostC.didloseD.werelosing.

一般将来时1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。2.表示将来时的几种形式①will/shall+动词原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo(正要干什么)④betodo

①

begoingto有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而will表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。1）----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto2）---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did②begoingto

可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will不能表示

Lookattheclouds!It’sgoingtorain.3.beto和begoingto

①表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。②betodo安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时=begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.4．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when此时意思：就在这时，是并列连词…beabouttodo…when….

Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.注意（1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。Theplaneleavestomorrow.（2）某些瞬间动词go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。

I’vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorid.I______mymum.A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavebeen

现在进行时

1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchange③----Annworksveryhard.---Infact.Ithinkshe____now.A.studiedB.isstudyingC.studiesD.willstud

④Pleasecallagain.Jim_____abathnow.A.hashadB.washavingC.ishavingD.has⑤Mymoney_____.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofmysavingsoutbeforeI’venoneinhand.A.hasrunoutB.isrunningoutC.hasbeenrunoutD.isbeingrunout⑥Icanguessyouwereinahurry.You_____yoursweaterinsideout.A.hadwornB.woreC.arewearingD.werewearing特殊用法：

现在进行时可以表示一般将来时，常用于下列动词：go,come,leave,begin,arrive,return,fly,drive，take等。

We’removingtothenewbuildingnextweek.

现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,never等连用，表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。

Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthings.

1.You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyouroom!A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrownC.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrown2.You______television.Whynotdosomethingmoreactive?A.alwayswatchB.arealwayswatchingC.havealwayswatchedD.havealwaysbeenwatching3．有些词不用于进行时态：表示“存在、所有、知觉、认应付，感情”等状态存在：

keep,stay,remain,be,consistof所有：

have,belongto,possess,own,hold

知觉：

sound，look/seem/appear，smell,taste,feel,see,hear认识：

understand,know,suppose,remember,admit,forget,believe,think情感：like,love,hate,prefer

过去进行时

1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。

1.---Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing?-----Oh,I’mterriblysorry._______.A.I’mnotnoticingB.Idon’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticingD.Iwasn’tnoticing

2.-----Hey,whatdidIsay?-----I_________.A.I’mnotlisteningB.IwasnotlisteningC.Idon’tlistenedD.Ididn’tlisten2．表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，但这个动作可以完，也可以不一定完成。④----Whyweren’tyouatthemeeting?----I____foralong–distancecallfrommyfatherinAustralia.A.waitedB.waswaitingC.hadwaitedD.havebeen⑤Goodheavens!Thereyouare!We____anxiousaboutyou.We____youbackmuchearlierallthroughthenight.A.are,expectB.were,hadexpectedC.willbe,areexpectingD.havebeen,wereexpecting3.在简单句中有atthattime,then,thistimeyesterday/lastweek,at10o’clocklastnight等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworkedPractice—Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Don’tyoulikeit?—I’msorryI______anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkit’ssmart.A.wasn’tmaking

B.don’tmake

C.won’tmake

D.didn’tmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity______sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischanging

B.haschanged

C.willhavechanged

D.willchange3.He______quitewell,buthehasn’thadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswim

B.haveswum

C.