英语医学科研论文写作春季

英语医学科研论文写作

南方医科大学学报宋建武Matthew@国内外医学期刊概况国外医学期刊SCI(ScienceCitationIndex)影响因子（Impactfactor,IF）PubMed国内医学期刊中华系列杂志国内SCI收录杂志国内PubMed收录期刊什么是SCI(ScienceCitationIndex,SCI)是由美国科学信息研究所(ISI)1961年创办出版的引文数据库。SCI(科学引文索引

)、EI(工程索引)、ISTP(科技会议录索引)是世界著名的三大科技文献检索系统，是国际公认的进行科学统计与科学评价的主要检索工具，其中以SCI最为重要。什么是影响因子？影响因子是美国ISI（科学信息研究所）的JCR(期刊引证报告）中的一项数据。即某期刊前两年发表的论文在统计当年的被引用总次数除以该期刊在前两年内发表的论文总数。这是一个国际上通行的期刊评价指标。一般来说，影响因子越大，其学术影响力也越大。医学论文的基本格式TitleAuthorsandAffiliationsAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResultsDiscussionAcknowledgementReferences重要的学术价值翔实的数据严谨的组织流畅、简洁、准确的英文表达优秀的英文医学论文应该具有的基本条件一篇完整论文的主要组成部分TitleAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResultsDiscussionTitle:giveyourarticlea

snappytitleElementsofagoodtitleEasytounderstandAccuratepromiseofthepaper’scontentSpecificconcerningthescopeofthestudyNounexplainedabbreviationsunlesstheyarewidelyunderstood(e.g.HIV,AIDS,CD4+,DNA,RNA,IQ)Simple,short,conciseStatesthesubjectofthearticle,butnottheconclusionsIndicatesthestudydesignEye-catching,a“reader-grabber”BeginswithakeywordAbstract:informativebutconciseTaketimetopolishtheabstractKeeptheabstractshort(normallywithin250words)FollowthestyleofthetargetjournalDonotshortentheabstractbyexcludingkeyinformationEliminateallabbreviationsandunnecessarywordsIntroduction ProvidingadequatebackgroundinformationStartwithageneral,yetconcise,descriptionoftheproblemthatyourpaperwilladdress.Pointoutthegapinthecurrentscientificknowledge.Whatwehaveknown?Andwhatnot?StateyourhypothesisclearlyExplainthepurposeofyourstudyclearly.Defineunfamiliartermsorabbreviations.Methods:allaboutdetailsProvidessufficientdetailsinthemethodsemployedtoensurereproducibilityOrganizetheMethodswithmeaningfulsubheadingsGivedetailsoftheanimals,reagents,andinstrumentsusedDefinethevariables(gradesofconditions,criteriafordiseaseseveritiesordiagnosis)DescriberandomizationandblindingDescribethedatacollectionmethodsindetailInformedconsent/institutionalreviewboard/ethicscommitteeapprovalSpecifystatisticalmethodsusedfordataprocessingJustifythesamplesizechosenResults:artofpresentingdataPresentthedatainanaturalorderIncludeonlyresultsinResultssectionTheresultssectionrarelyrequirereferencesDonotrepeatinformationinthetablesandtextUsetablesandfiguressparinglyDiscussion:whereyoumakeadifferenceStarttheDiscussionwithyourmostimportantpointStarteachparagraphwithatopicsentenceofthatparagraphConfinethediscussiontoYOURresultsandcomparisonsbetweenotherpublicationsandYOURresultsSticktoyoursubjectandkeepthediscussionfocusedKeepthediscussionshort;trusttheintelligenceofthereadersClarifythesignificanceofyourfinding,thepotentialapplicationoftheresultsMaintainasmoothflowoflogicinargumentConclusion:happyendingProvidecautiousconclusionsthatarefullysupportedbyyourdataLimitconclusionswithintheboundariesofyourstudyImprovingthewritingNeveruseametaphor,simile,orotherfigureofspeechyouareusedtoseeinginprint.Neverusealongwordwhereashortonewilldo.Ifitispossibletocutawordout,alwayscutitout.Neverusethepassivewhereyoucanusetheactive.Neveruseaforeignphrase,ascientificword,orajargonwordifyoucanthinkofaneverydayEnglishequivalent.Avoidalongsentencethatcanbesplitintoshorterones.英文投稿：投稿的常规组成ManuscriptComponents(JAMA)CoverLetter

Includingacoverletterandcompletecontactinformationforthecorrespondingauthor(postal/mailaddress,e-mailaddress,andtelephoneandfaxnumbers)andwhethertheauthorshavepublishedorsubmittedanyrelatedpapersfromthesamestudy.

Titlepage

Includingawordcountfortextonly,andthefullnames,highestacademicdegrees,andaffiliationsofallauthors.AbstractContext,Objective,Design,Setting,Patients(orParticipants),Interventions,MainOutcomeMeasure(s),Results,andConclusions.TextDouble-spacetext,andleaverightmarginsunjustified(ragged)References

Numberreferencesintheordertheyappearinthetext.Figurelegends(Captions)Includealegendforeachphotograph,graph,andillustrationattheendofthemanuscript(maximumlength,40words).Forphotomicrographs,includethetypeofspecimen,originalmagnificationorascalebar,andstain.Forgrosspathologyspecimens,labelanyrulerswithunitofmeasure.TablesNumberalltablesintheorderoftheircitationinthetext.Includeatitleforeachtable(abriefphrase,preferablynolongerthan10to15words).Includealltablesinasinglefilefollowingthemanuscript.

FiguresNumberallfiguresintheorderoftheircitationinthetext.Includeatitleforeachfigure(abriefphrase,preferablynolongerthan10to15words).Forinitialmanuscriptsubmissions,figuresmustbeofsufficientqualityforeditorialassessmentandpeerreview.

Starteachofthesesectionsonanewpageandnumberthepagesconsecutively,beginningwiththetitlepage.

TheLancet:InformationforAuthorsTheLancetisaninternationalgeneralmedicaljournalthatwillconsideranyoriginalcontributionthatadvancesorilluminatesmedicalscienceorpractice,orthateducatesorentertainsthejournal'sreaders.Whateveryouhavewritten,rememberthatitisthegeneralreaderwhomyouaretryingtoreach.Onewaytofindoutifyouhavesucceededistoshowyourdrafttocolleaguesinotherspecialties.Iftheydonotunderstand,neither,veryprobably,willTheLancet'sstafforreaders.Manuscriptsmustbesolelytheworkoftheauthor(s)stated,mustnothavebeenpreviouslypublishedelsewhere,andmustnotbeunderconsiderationbyanotherjournal.论文写作十个基本原则

ExcerptsfromPublishingYourMedicalResearchPaper

ByDanielW.Byme.

Investampletimeandmoneyinplanning.Formulateyourstudyprotocolearly.Describeyourmethodsthoroughly.Describetherationaleforthesizeandcompositionofyoursample.Explainwhatisnew,interesting,andusefulaboutyourresults.Keepthemanuscriptshort.Answerthequestions:“Sowhat?”and“whocares?”Followtheguidelinesandformatofthetargetjournalprecisely.Editruthlessly.Writecautious,butperceptiveconclusions.Principle1.Investampletimeandmoneyinplanning.

Youneedbothanexperiencedresearchteamandextensiveliteraturereviewtoavoidthecommonproblemsencounteredinplanningthestudyprotocol,designingthemeasuresofoutcome,creatingthedatacollectionform,andperformingthestatisticalanalysis.原则1.花足够的时间和经费做研究的筹划Principle2.Formulateyourstudyprotocolearly.Thestudyprotocolisthewrittenplanforyourresearchproject.Agoodprotocolprovidesdirection,focus,andstructure.Asyouconductyourstudy,followthisplananddocumentalldecisionsanddevelopments.Thisapproachallowsyoutomonitoranddescribetheaccuracyandappropriatenessofyourmethods.原则2.提前制定好研究方案Principle3.Describeyourmethodsthoroughly.Toshowthatyourfindingscanbeappliedtolargerpopulations,clearlydescribeyoursampleandstudydesign.Readersandreviewerswillscrutinizeyourmethodsbeforetheyacceptyourconclusions.原则3.详细描述使用的方法。注：方法的描述应详略得当。常规的方法简要描述或引用文献，重要的、独特的方法则要详尽描述，包括试剂来源、仪器等等，使读者能够根据描述重复实验。Principle4.Describetherationaleforthesizeandcompositionofyoursample.

Explainwhyyouchoosetostudythisnumberofpatients.Discusstheimplicationsandstatisticalpowerofyourdecision.Helpthereadertounderstandyourlogicinselectingthisgroupofpatientsforthestudy.原则4.说明选择样本量和样本组成的理由。换句话说：样本量的选择不能是随意的，应有统计学支持。Principle5.Explainwhatisnew,interesting,andusefulaboutyourresults.Whatdoyourfindingscontributetothemedicalliterature?Explaintheimportanceoftheresearchproblemandyourfindingsforbothphysiciansandpatients.原则5.突出研究结果的创新性、价值和亮点所在。

Principle6.Keepthemanuscriptshort.Plantosubmitapaperthatis10%shorterthantheaveragearticleinyourtargetjournal.Checkthetotallengthofthepaper,thelengthofeachsection,andthenumberofreferences.Usefewertablesandfiguresthanaverage.原则6.避免长篇大论。Principle7.Answerthequestions:“Sowhat?”and“whocares?”Emphasizethepointsthatdistinguishyourstudyfromotherresearch.Yourpapermustcontainsectionsanticipatingnegativereactionsfromreviewers.Rememberthattoaccepted,yoursubjectsmustinterestmostofyourtargetjournal’sreaders.原则7.文中要强调本研究的不同之处；要了解潜在读者的兴趣所在，有针对性的写作。Principle8.