Archiecure-古希腊古罗马建筑英文

ABriefintroductionofancientGreek&Roman

ArchitectureAncientGreekArchitecture(BC800-AD300)Specificdimensionalcomposition特定的平面构成Mostofthearchitecturesarerectangular(onascaleof1:1.618or1:2)inshape,essentiallyconsistedofahallsurroundedbycolumns.（平面构成为1:1.618或1:2的矩形，中央是厅堂，大殿，周围是柱子，可统称为环柱式建筑））2.Threefamouskindsofcolumns/orders(柱式）:3.Decorationofdepiment(山花墙装饰）CorinthianColumn（科林斯式）

IonicColumn（爱奥尼克式）

DoricColumn（陶立克）陶立克柱式形态简洁，其柱高是直径的6倍，雄健威武，向征男性美；爱奥尼柱式纤巧修长，柱高是直径的8~9倍，柱头用卷涡装饰，富有曲线美，象征女性美。科林斯柱式形态更复杂、更修长，上部是藤蔓似的卷涡，下面是曼妙的花纹，更具女性美。TheDonicstyleissimpleanditrevealsthemales’strength.LincolnMemorialisintheformofaGreekDorictemple.

林肯纪念堂Itisalwaysdecoratedwithspiral（螺旋形的）orvolute（涡形的）ornaments.It’sslimandmuchmorelikeagentleandgracefulyounglady.TempleofAthenaNike

胜利女神神庙Ionic式女神廊廊柱（（Erechtheion伊伊瑞克克提翁翁神庙庙）Pediment（（山花花墙））Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Greektemplewithapediment(Sicily)Thepediment（（山花花墙））isthetriangularplaceundertheroofofaGreektemple.Eachtemplehastwo,oneonthefrontandoneontheback.Atfirstpedimentswereprobablyplain,butsoontheGreeksbegantodecoratepedimentswithstonesculpture.Oneoftheearliestpediments,onthetempleofArtemisontheislandofCorfu,hasascaryMedusaonit.LaterGreeksculptorsputwholescenesonpediments,usuallyoneexcitingpartofawell-knownmyth.TempleofArtemis,Corfu(ca.580BC)TempleofAphaeaatAegina(ShowstheTrojanWar)TheParthenon（帕特农神神庙）hasthestoryofthebirthofAthenaononeside,andthestoryofAthenaandPoseidonfightingtobethemaingodofAthensontheotherside.TheParthenon（帕特农神神庙）AncientRomanArchitecture(BC300-AD365)AncientRomanarchitectureadoptedcertainaspectsofAncientGreekarchitecture,butitdidcreatedlotsofnewarchitecturalstyles.ThefivemainachievementsofAncientRomanarchitecture1.AncientRomanAqueducts(渡槽)2.Pantheon万万神庙3.Publicbaths罗罗马公共浴场场4.Colosseum圆形大剧场场5.SquareTheRomansconstructedaqueductstobringaconstantflowofwaterfromdistantsourcesintocitiesandtowns,supplyingpublicbaths,toilets,fountainsandprivatehouseholds.Wastewaterwasremovedbythesewagesystemsandreleasedintonearbybodiesofwater,keepingthetownscleanandfreefromnoxiouswaste.Someaqueductsalsoservedwaterformining,processing,manufacturing,andagriculture.2.Pantheon万万神庙Thedome(穹顶)structureprovideduswithlargerspace.TheRomansbasedmuchoftheirarchitectureonthedome,suchasPantheon,whichisthehighestrepresentativeofRomearchitecturaltechnique.Pantheon(万神神殿）Dome3.Publicbaths罗罗马公共浴场场TheyarerecreationalandsocialcenterforRomancitizens.4.Colosseum圆形大剧剧场Itwereusedforgladiatorialcontests,publicdisplays,publicmeetingsandbullfights,thelastofwhichsurvivesinSpain.TheyareamongthemostimpressiveremainsoftheRom