计算书这次安排主要是让我们了解对宾馆要求本次课程设计

Thearrangementisdesignedprimarilytomakeourunderstandingofthehodesign.Thegraduationcoursedesignedmainlyforarchitecturaldesignandstructuraldesignofbothcomputinganddesign.IgraduatedthiscourseisdesignedtoGraceInnExpressHodesign,whichisusedinreinforcedconcreteframestructureengineering,thenumberoffloorsofthebuildingtherearefourlayersaccordingtothemissionstatementofthedesignrequirements,fortificationof6degree,seismicgroupedinto3groups,inthisdesignmustbeconsideredpartoftheseismicdesign.Theteachermadetheabovemissionstatementdrawnschematiclayoutofeachlayeroftheplaneandtheplaneneeded.Themainstructureofthebuildingisthehorizontalframestructure,afterestimatingloadcalculationandmembersectioninthebackconductedaselectedframetobecalculated,andthencompletethegraduationproject.ByGraceInnExpressHodesignprocess,tounderstandthevariousaspectsofthedesignengineeringprocess,itcanbeagoodgraspofthebasicmethodofcalculationofstructuraldesign,throughtheirownefforts,completedagraduatecoursedesigntasks.Meanwhile,theuniversitylearnedthatfouryearsofprofessionalknowledgeandadeeperunderstandingofthebasicconceptsandinsights,therebyimprovingtheoverallindividualabilitytoindependentlyyzeproblemsandsolveproblems.:reinforcedconcrete,FrameStructure，aPin前 平面设 剖面设 立面设 确定框架计算简 框架计算简图及梁柱线刚 恒载标准值计 活荷载标准值计 竖向荷载作用下框架内力计 使用弯矩二次分配法计算框架弯 风荷载计 风载作用下的位移验 抗震计 各柱边缘处轴力计 各柱边缘处轴力计 框架柱配筋计 框架梁配筋计 基础尺寸及埋置深 持力层承载力验 配筋计 抗震设 结 致 参考文 附 面积3400平方米左右，共4层。严格按照规范以及实际进行组织设计，在工期内做到在建筑设计中，通过查找资料并结合自己工程本身的功能和特点初步确定建筑方工程概(1）3.0m。设计标高±0.00076.0m。建筑等级：结构安全等级为二级，设计使用年限为50环境类别：室内正常环境为一类，与水或土壤接触的环境（主要是基础）为二b室外平均温度27.5室外平均温度2.2雨季施工起止日期：71日～930日。冬季施工起止日期：125日～35材料选用①采用混凝土楼梯C30②钢筋：梁柱纵向HRB335其余采用热轧HPB300采用灰砂砖其尺寸为600mm×240mm×180mm,重度=7.5kN/内隔墙290mm×290mm×140mm，重度=9.8kN/④窗：钢塑门窗=0.35kN/⑤门：木门=0.2kN/①结构选型：采用钢筋混凝土现浇框架采用现浇钢筋混凝土肋刚柔性相结合的屋面，屋面板厚100③楼面结构：全部采用现浇100结构：采用钢筋混凝底层柱高从基础顶面算至二层楼面，基顶标高根据-1.10m，3.3m，故底层柱4.4m，楼面（即层高），3.0m。由此可绘出框架主梁：最大跨度

7200mm，h1~1

18bb1~1bb150~300mm 次梁：最大跨度l3600mmh1~1

18bb1~1bb100~200mm I=2II=1.5I

1bh3iEcI I 12b 左、右边跨梁： =EI/l=2.8×107kN/㎡×2×1×0.3×0.63/7.2m=4.2×104中跨梁：i中跨梁EI/l=2.8×107kN/㎡×2×

×0.2×0.43/2.4m=2.5×104

1bh3，iEcI 12c 上部层各柱：i=2.8×107kN/㎡×

底层柱：i=2.8×107kN/

令i余柱1.0

柱防水层（刚性）30mm厚细石混凝土防 1.0kN/ 0.4kN/㎡找平层：15mm厚水泥砂 找平层：15mm厚水泥砂 0.015m×20kN/m3=0.30kN/找坡层：40mm厚水泥石灰焦渣砂浆3‰找平 0.04m×14kN/m3=0.56kN/㎡保温层：80mm厚矿渣水泥 0.08m×14.5kN/m3=1.16kN/㎡结构层：100mm厚现浇钢筋混凝土板 0.10m×25kN/m3=2.5kN/㎡抹灰层：10mm厚混合砂浆 0.01m×17kN/m3=0.17kN/㎡合计：6.39kN/水磨石地面（10200.65kN/结构层：100mm厚现浇钢筋混凝土板 0.10m×25kN/m3=2.5kN/㎡抹灰层：10㎜厚混合砂浆 0.01m×17kN/m3=0.17kN/㎡合计 3.32kN/ 结构层：100mm厚现浇钢筋混凝土 0.10m×25kN/m3=2.5kN/抹灰层：10mm厚混合砂浆 0.01m×17kN/m3=0.17kN/㎡ b×h=300×600梁自重 25kN/m3×0.3m×（0.6m-抹灰层：10mm厚混合砂 0.01m×[（0.6m-0.1m）×2+0.3m]×17kN/合计：b×h=200×400梁自重 25kN/m3×0.2m×（0.4m-抹灰层：10mm厚混合砂 0.01m×[（0.4m-0.1m）×2+0.2m]×17kN/m合计：b×h=400×400梁自重： 25kN/m3×0.4m×0.4m=4kN/m抹灰层：10mm厚混合砂浆 0.01m×0.4×4+×17kN/m3=0.27kN/m合计纵墙 （4.4m-1.5m-0.6m-0.4m)×0.20m×7.5kN/m3铝合金窗 1.5m×0.35kN/m3水刷石 (3.3m-1.5m)×0.5kN/m3=0.9kN/m水泥粉刷 (3.3m-1.5m)×0.36kN/m3=合计 0.9m×0.20m×7.5kN/m3=1.35kN/m 1.5m×0.35kN/m3=0.53kN/m (3.0m-1.5m)×0.5kN/m3=0.75kN/m水泥粉刷 (3.0m-1.5m)×0.36kN/m3=：：(3.0m-0.6m)×0.2m×7.5KN/m3（3.0m-0.6m）×0.36kN/m3×2=

合计合计:：(3.3m-0.6m)×0.2m×7.5KN/m3（3.3m-0.6m）×0.36kN/m3×2=合计:内隔墙 (3.0m-0.6m)×0.20m×9.8KN/m3水泥粉刷 (3.0m-0.6m)×0.36kN/m3铝合金窗 合计内隔墙 (4.4m-0.6m-0.4m)×0.2m×9.8KN/m3=6.66水泥粉刷 (4.4m-0.6m-0.4m)×0.36KN/m3铝合金窗 合计根据《荷载规范》查得Sk=1.0×0.2kN/㎡=0.2kN/3.6m3.3②A-B、C-D框架梁：恒载：6.39kN/㎡×1.8m×（1-2a2a3）×2=28.76活载：0.5kN/㎡×1.8m×（1-2a2a3）×2=2.25 3.83kN/㎡×1.8m×（1-2a2+a3）×2=17.24kN/m 2kN/㎡×1.8m×（1-2a2+a3）×2=9.00kN/m梁自重 3.97kN/A-B、C-D屋面梁：恒载=梁自重板传荷载=3.97kN/m+28.76kN/m活荷载=板传荷载楼面梁：恒载=梁自重+板传荷载+墙自重=3.97活荷载=板传荷载③B-C恒载 6.39kN/㎡活载 0.5kN/㎡恒载 3.83kN/㎡活载 2.0kN/㎡梁自重 BC楼面梁：恒载=梁自重+板传荷载活荷载=板传荷载④A、D向集中荷载的计算女儿墙自重：（做法：墙高1100㎜，100㎜的混凝土压顶顶层柱恒荷载=女儿墙+梁自重+板传荷载(3.6m-0.4m)+6.39kN/m×1.8m3.6m柱恒荷载=墙自重+梁自重+板传荷载=3.17kN/m×(3.6m-(3.6m-标准层柱活载：板传活载=2.0kN/㎡基础顶面恒载=底层外纵墙自重=4.93kN/m×（3.6m-顶层柱恒载=梁自重+板传荷载=3.97kN/m×（3.6m-0.4m）+6.39kN/㎡ 1.221.2×+6.39kN/m×[1-2 + 3.6 1.2 顶层柱活载=板传荷载=0.5kN/m2×[1-2 + ]×1.2m+0.5kN/×1.8m×3.6m×58

3.6

标准层柱恒载=梁自重+板传荷载+墙自重=3.97kN/m×（7.2m-0.4m）+3.83kN/㎡ m×3.6m×8+3.83kN/㎡×[1-23.6

+3.6

标准层柱活载=板传活载基础顶面恒载=底层内隔墙自重=9.64KN/m×(3.6m-0.4m)=65.55恒载作用下弯矩二次分配计3.4.1

2.1

,

2.1

uBA

2.10.9

0.49,uBD

2.10.9

0.21

2.10.9

3.4.2uAB

2.10.9

,

2.10.9

0.41,

uAB

2.10.9

0.57，

2.10.9

0.19uAC'

2.10.9

0.424,

0.182,

3.4.3

1ql2-1/12×32.73×7.22=-

1ql2

1ql2-1/12×30.4×2.42=-1ql2-1/12×28.17×7.22=-(底层

1ql2

1ql2-1/12×18.88×2.42=-4-------------3--------------------2--------------------1----------------.6

VV

qlMM 柱轴力： V-梁端剪 P-节点集中力及柱自3.4.8活载作用下弯矩二次分配计

2.1

,

2.1

uBA

2.10.9

0.49,uBD

2.10.9

0.21

2.10.9

uAB

2.10.9

,

2.10.9

0.41,

uAB

2.10.9

0.57，

2.10.9

0.19uAC'

2.10.9

0.424,

0.182,

1ql2-1/12×2.25×7.22=-

1ql2

1ql2-1/12×2.26×2.42=-1ql2-1/12×9.00×7.22=-(底层

1ql2

1ql2-1/12×9.0×2.42=-4---------------3-----------------2--------------------1----------------..12为了简化计算，作用在外上的风荷载可近似于作用在屋面梁和楼面梁处的等效作用在屋面梁和楼面梁节点处的集中风荷载标准2Wkzszw0hihjB/22w0w0=0.6kN/z——风压高度变化系数，因建设地点位于某大城市郊区，所以地面粗糙Bs——风荷载体型建筑物的体型查得szzhihj——上层柱高，对顶层为女儿墙2B风面的宽度，B=7.2m3.5.1集中风荷离地高度zw0/kN/m2hi/hj/Wk/333333 见表3.6.1和3.6.12-4Dic2Dci12/kN/chA24.2104kNm22104kN B2(4.21042.5104)kNm22104kN CDD kN/m)23.6.2Dic0.52Dci12/kN/chA4.2104kNm1.4104kN B(4.21042.5104)kNm1.4104kN CDD kN/m)2风荷载作用下框架侧移计水平荷载作用下框架的层间侧移uj

Vjj层的总剪Diyj层所有柱的抗侧ujj第一层的层间侧移值求出以后，就可以计算各楼板标高处的侧移值的顶点侧移值，各层楼板标高处的侧移值是该层以下各层层间侧移之和。顶点侧移是所有各层层3.6.3风荷Wj/Vj/D/(kN/uj/uj/4321uuj层间侧移最大值：1/1630<1/550(3.6.4A轴框架柱的反弯点ih43000330002300010003.6.5B轴框架柱的反弯点ih4300033000230001000MC=Vim·(1-MC=Vim·y·hMb左jMb右j

ibibbiibbi右ibbbiibb

M M M M 表 风载作用下A轴框架柱剪力和梁弯MCMCMb4366223314952表 风载作用下B轴框架柱剪力和梁弯MCMCMbMb453066520020333142289.23.6.3重力荷载代表值计集中于各楼层标高处的重力荷载代表值Gi，顶层重力荷载包括：屋面恒载，50%屋面雪载梁自重，半层柱自重半层墙体自重包括窗的自重。，其它层重力荷载包括：楼面恒载，50%楼面均布活荷载，梁自重，楼面上下屋面恒载50%屋面雪荷载纵梁自重：1.64×（7.2-下半层柱自重下半层墙体自重：6.96×（7.2-共计

纵梁自重：1.64×（7.2-横梁自重：=3.97×（7.2+0.24-0.6×2）×2+1.64×（3-上下半层柱自重共计纵梁自重：1.64×（7.2-横梁自重：=3.97×（7.2+0.24-0.6×2）×2+1.64×（3-共计横向框架侧移刚度的计

i4.2104kNmi1.4104kN

i2.5104kNmi2.0104kN横梁线刚度ib和柱线刚度ic3.7.1D

12ic计算，式中系数为柱的侧移刚度修正系c 关表可查得。（根据梁柱的线刚度比k的不同梁截面惯性矩7.2.1，I0为梁矩形部分的截面惯性矩。3.7.1横梁线刚度ib计算表blh1-3.7.2icbi2-13.7.3中框和边框架线表 柱抗侧移刚度kib（一般层k（一般层 kDciEIC kib（底层k0.5（底层 k3.7.5柱抗侧移刚度修正ki1ki1i2i3 kkki1k k3.7.6A/DkEIc kbkkc 2D=kCc40.4330.4320.43B/CkEIc kbkkc 2D=kCc40.4330.4320.4310.4横向水平作用下框架结构的内力和侧移计D自振顶点位移法是求结构基频的一种近似方法，将结构按质量基频D按式T1

2j

计算周期

3.7.84321

②横 作用计算及楼 剪力计（最大影响系数）

amax本工程建筑物高度不超过40m,质量和刚度沿高度变化均匀，变形以剪切主，故采用底部剪力法计算水平作用，结构总水平作用标准值FEK1Geq

T0

0.4001g1

max

0.04T1

因为TgT10.494s5Tg

h2=1.0(阻尼调整系数)gFEK0.0330.853660.13102.67kN/因 Tg

10.494s，所以不考虑顶部附加作用表3.7.9各层横 作用及楼 剪GiHinGkHK4333231j-1各质点水平作用及楼层剪力沿屋高分布图图 作用分布 图 剪力沿房屋高度分布③水平作用下框架位移计水平作用下框架结构的层间位

(ui)ViDij和u(ui)k计算，计算过程如表（11）表中e移角

ui

i表 横向水平作用下的位移计jFi/43332319.091041/550=1.82103满足式中uh柱端及梁端弯矩的计

=V(1

y

MD=Vyh

Vi表 边柱柱端弯AkyMCMCMb4333231表 中柱柱端弯BkyMCMCMbMb433323.53.7.6MMVb，VV 作用MMVb，V

表 各柱边缘处弯矩剪力值及轴力MVMVMVMVMVMVMVMV4A77D3AD2AD1AD4.1内力基本组合表（表 内力基本组合表（框架梁表 内力基本组合表（框架A柱表 内力基本组合表（框架B柱

f=14.3kN/mm

f=1.43kN/mmctct

f300kN/yyf270kN/yy

335N/mm2 300N/mm2柱的轴压比验Nmax

1730.20103 fAc 14.3fAc

0.756

B截面尺寸复取h0has=400-因为hw

所以0.25cfcbh0框架柱正截面设Nu1fcbbh0BM=65.68kNm，N=1582.33kN，V=27.27kNMe0M

eie0ea41.51200.5fcA0.721.0，故取

=1.0l0计算长度l0=1.0H=4400mm,则

=11<15，故取2=1.0则：

e(e(hh

2e

h

1.3661.51400/240

f

14.3400

1 AsAs

Ne1fcbh010.5fyh0

S

As0318.

763mm2稳定系数：0.965Nu0.9fAfyAs cc

框架柱斜截面设

6.693.0，取cN1582.33kN0.3fA0.314.34002/1000cN=686.4kN

f

0.07N138.138kNV1.0 28@150

nAsv1

2

%

f

0.241.43AC

IIIIV

V 5.2.1梁截面在梁的受拉区，此时截面可按T型截面进行配筋计算；当梁承受负弯矩时上部受拉，即翼缘在梁的受拉区，受拉区的混凝土开裂后，翼缘对承载力就不起作用了，故梁承受负弯矩时按矩形截面进行配筋计算。ABfc=14.3N/mm²ft=1.43N/mm²fy=300N/mm²fyv=270N/mmABs

fbh

1.014.3300

1cf111

0.139<bAs

f

14.3300560ys4

As=1256

0.70%

且

ft%451.43%f ABAM=-115.35kNs

1fcbf

=1.014.3300 12121

=0.090<b12As

fysh0

3

3000.955As=763

0.424%

ft%451.43%f BM=123.97kNs

1fcbfh02

0.0921

.014.330012=0.097<1212As

fysh0

4

3000.952As=804且

0.447%

ft%451.43%f 5.2.2ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ--b×300300300200 fbh 112ss0.5(112sA fsy32%(As框架梁斜截面设AB（2V=-0.25cfcbh0=0.251.014.33000.7ftbh0=0.714.3300按构造要求配筋取双肢箍5.2.3层42420.25cVb0.7c0000AB（2）Mq

Mq0.87h

151.49N/0te

0.53001.1

te

1.1

d 4deqniiscrs

41.0

0.08deq)0.109

cy本工程基础采用柱下基础以一榀框架结构的B轴为例进行柱下独立基础的设计，选粘土层为持力层，f =240kN/m2，根据地质条件基础埋置深度取为2.1m，取基础高度1000mm。基础采用C30混凝土，f=14.3KN/m2钢筋选用三级钢筋，f=300kN/m2。cy粉质粘土m=19.8kNm3，回填土G=17.8kNm3。(d=1.0,b1.1+1.0=2.1m,C10100② 受压基础初步估算基底面fafakdm(d0.5)=240+1.0×19.8×(2.1-0.5)=271.68

1.2Nk,max

0fa0

271.685③计 应

2.13lnb4.2mMk=50.15kN

Nk=1730.20

Vk=27.54Gk=20×2.1×2.2×(2.1+0.45×0.5)=410.13ek

MkN

0.023m6

1730.20410.13160.023Pk,maxNkGk(16ek

PP

,in kk2

Pk242.67kPafa271.68kPaPk,max=250.64kPa＜fa＜1.2faPk,min=234.69kPa＞0t取as=60mm,h0=1000-60=940tC30

f1.43N/

atac=400ab=400+2×940=2280am=(2280+400)/2=1340A(lach)b(bbch = 0.942.1

取h0.7hft(bch0)h0=1239.425kN＞

HRB335(fy300Nmm2A 0 0.9h0

212@100(As=2770mm2Mk=50.15kN

Nk=1708.75

Vk=27.27ek

MkN

0.024m6

1708.75410.13160.024 Pk,maxNkGk(16ek k,min根据以上两组内力计算可知:Pkmax=285.17kPa＜1.2

faE=1.2afa 银座佳驿连锁快捷酒店DPKPM他们请教，即使他们正在忙于自己的毕业设计中,他们也都会耐心的解答。而当我们有拿捏的问题时我们相互商讨问题一步步也变我们之间的感情也变亲近了 ：中国建筑工业、、、、湖南大学结构力学教研室编.《结构力学》上册.第四版，：高等教育段兵廷主编.《土木工程专业英语》.：工业大学TheApplicationofConstructionalTheavailabilityofsuitablestructuralmaterialsisoneoftheprincipallimitationsontheplishmentofanexperiencedstructuralengineer.Earlybuildersdependedalmostexclusivelyonwood,stone,brick,andconcrete.AlthoughironhadbeenusedbyhumansatleastsincethebuildingoftheEgyptianpyramids,useofitasastructuralmaterialwaslimitedbecauseofthedifficultiesofsmeltingitinlargeties.Withtheindustrialrevolution,however,cameboththeneedforironasastructuralmaterialandthecapabilityofsmeltinginJohnSmeaton,anEnglishcivilengineer,wasthefirsttousecastironextensivelyasastructuralmaterialinthemid-eighteenthcentury.After1841,malleableironwasdevelopedasamorereliablematerialandwaswidelyused.Whereasmalleableironwassuperiortocastiron,therewerestilltoomanystructuralfailuresandtherewasaneedforamorereliablematerial.Steelwastheanswertothisdemand.TheinventionoftheBessemerconverterin1856andthesubsequentdevelopmentofthe-Martinopen-hearthprocessformakingsteelmadeitpossibletoproducestructuralsteelatcompetitivepricesandtriggeredthetremendousdevelopmentsand plishmentsintheuseofstructuralsteeloverthenexthundredyears.Themostseriousdisadvantageofsteelisthatitoxidizeseasilyandmustbeprotectedbypaintorsomeothersuitablecoating.Whensteelisusedinanenclosurewhereafirecouldoccur,thesteelmembersmustbeencasedinasuitablefire-resistantenclosuresuchasmasonry,concrete.Normally,steelmemberswillnotfailinabrittlemannerunlessanunfortunatecombinationofmetallurgicalcomposition,lowtemperature,andbi-ortriaxialstressexists.Structuralaluminumisstillnotwidelyusedincivilengineeringstructures,thoughitsuseissteadilyincreasing.Byaproperselectionofthealuminumalloyanditsheattreatment,awidevarietyofstrengthcharacteristicsmaybeobtained.Someofthealloysexhibitstress-straincharacteristicssimilarthoseofstructuralsteel,exceptthatthemodulusofelasticityfortheinitiallinearlyelasticportionisabout10,000,000psi(700,000kgf/cm*cm)oraboutone-thirdthatofsteel.Lightnessandtooxidationare,ofcourse,twoofthemajoradvantagesofaluminum.Becauseitspropertiesareverysensitivetoitsheattreatment,caremustbeusedwhenrivetingorweldingaluminum.Severaltechniqueshavebeendevelopedforprefabricatingaluminumsubassembliesthatcanbereadilyerectedandboltedtogetherinthefieldtoformanumberofbeautifulandwell-designedsstructures.Thisgeneralprocedureofprefabricationandheldassemblybyboltingseemstobethemostpromisingwayofutilizingstructuralaluminum.Reinforcedandprestressconcretesharewithstructuralmaterial.Naturalconcreteshavebeenusedforcenturies.Modernconcreteconstructiondatesfromthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury,thoughartificialPortlandcementwaspatentedbyAspidia,anEnglishman,about1825.Althoughseveralbuildersandengineersexperimentedwiththeuseofsteel-reinforcedconcreteinthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury,itsdominantuseasabuildingmaterialdatesfromtheearlydecadesofthetwentiethcentury.Thelastfiftyyearshaveseentherapidandvigorousdevelopmentofprestressedconcretedesignandconstruction,foundedlargelyonearlyworkbyFreakinessinFranceandMagnesinBelgium.Plain(unreinforced)concretenotonlyisaheterogeneousmaterialbutalsohasoneveryseriousdefectasastructuralmaterial,namely,itsverylimitedtensilestrength,whichisonlyoftheorderofone-tenthitscompressivestrength.Notonlyistensilefailureinconcreteofabrittletype,butlikewisecompressionfailureoccursinarelativelybrittlefashionwithoutbeingprecededbytheforewarningoflargedeformations.(Ofcourse,inreinforced-concreteconstruction,ductilebehaviorcanbeobtainedbyproperselectionandarrangementofthereinforcement.)Unlesspropercareisusedintheselectionofaggregatesandinthemixingandplacingofconcrete,frostactioncancauseseriousdamagetoconcretemasonry.Concretecreepsunderlong-termloadingtoadegreethatmustbeconsideredcarefullyinselectingthedesignstressconditions.Duringthecuringprocessanditsearlylife,concreteshrinksasignificantamount,whichtoadegreecanbecontrolledbyproperlyproportioningthemixandutilizingsuitableconstructiontechniques.Withallthesepotentiallyseriousdisadvantages,engineershavelearnedtodesignandbuildbeautiful,durable,andeconomicalreinforced-concretestructuresforpracticallyallkindsofstructuralrequirements.Thishasbeen plishedbycarefulselectionofthedesigndimensionsandthearrangementofthesteelreinforcement,developmentofpropercements,selectionofproperaggregatesandmixproportions,carefulcontrolofmixing,placing,andcuringtechniquesandimaginativedevelopmentofconstructionmethods,equipmentandprocedures.Civilengineeringisakindofwithpeople'sfood,clothing,shelterandtransportationhascloserelationoftheproject.Amongthemwith"live"relationshipisdirectly.Because,tosolvethe"live"problemmustbuildvarioustypesofbuildings.Tosolvethe"line,foodandclothes"problembothdirectside,butalsoaindirectside."Line",mustbuildrailways,roads,Bridges,"Feed",mustbewelldrillingwater,waterconservancy,farmirrigation,drainagewatersupplyforthecity,thatisdirectrelation.Indirectlyrelationshipisnomatterwhatyoudo,manufacturingcars,ships,orspinningandweaving,clothing,orevenproductionsteel,launchsalites,conductingscientificresearchactivitiesareinseparablefrombuildvariousbuildings,structuresandbuildallkindsofprojectfacilities.Civilengineeringwiththeprogressofhumansocietyanddevelopment,yethasevolvedintolarge-scalecomprehensivediscipline,ithasoutmanybranch,suchas:architecturalengineering,therailwayengineering,roadengineering,bridgeengineering,specialengineeringstructure,waterandwastewaterengineering,portengineering,hydraulicengineering,environmentengineeringdisciplines.[1]Civilengineeringasanimportantbasicdisciplines,andhasitsimportantattributesof:integrated,sociality,practicality,unity.Civilengineeringforthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyandtheimprovementofpeople'slifeprovidesanimportantmaterialandtechnicalbasis,formanyindustrialinvigorationplayedaroleinpromoting,engineeringconstructionistheformationofafixedassetbasicproductionprocess,therefore,constructionandrealeinmanycountriesandregions,economicConstructionprojectishousingplanning,survey,design,constructionofthePurposeisforhumanlifeandproductionprovideBuildingmaterialsinbuildingandhasapivotalrole.Buildingmaterialiswithhumansocietyproductivityandscienceandtechnologyimprovesgraduallydeveloped.Inancienttimes,thehumanlives,thelineUSESistherocksandTrees.The4thcenturyBC,12~hascreatedatileandbrick,humansareonlyusefulsyntheticmaterialsmadeofhousing.The17thcenturyhadcastironandShouTielater,untiltheeighteenthcenturyhadPortlandcement,justmakelaterreinforcedconcreteengineeringgetvigorousdevelopment.Nowallsortsofhigh-strengthstructuralmaterials,newdecorationmaterialsandwaterproofmaterialdevelopment,criterionand20thcenturysincemidorganicpolymermaterialsincivilengineeringarecloselyrelatedtothewidelyapplication.Inallmaterials,themostmainandmostpopularissteel,concrete,lumber,masonry.Inrecentyears,byusingtwokindsofmaterialadvantage,willmakethemtogether,thecombinationofstructurewasdeveloped.Now,architecture,engineeringqualityfitandunfitqualityusuallyadoptedmaterialsquality,performanceandusingreasonableornothavedirectconnection,inmeetthesametechnicalindicatorsandqualityrequirements,underthepreconditionofchoiceofdifferentmaterialisdifferent,usemethodofengineeringcosthasdirectimpact.Inconstructionprocess,buildingconstructionisandarchitecturalmechanics,buildingmaterialsalsoimportantlinks.Constructionistothemindofthedesigner,intentionandideaintorealisticprocess,fromtheancientholeJuChaoplacetonowskyscrapers,fromruraltourbancountryroadelevatedroadallneedthrough"construction"means.Aconstructionproject,includingmanyjobssuchasdredgingengineering,deepfoundationpitbracingengineering,foundationengineering,reinforcedconcretestructureengineering,structuralliftingproject,waterproofing,decorateprojects,eachtypeofprojecthasitsownrules,allneedaccordingtodifferentconstructionobjectandconstructionenvironmentconditionsusingrelevantconstructiontechnology,inwork-site.wheneverwhile,needandtherelevanthydropowerandotherequipmentcompositionofawhole,eachprojectbetweenreasonableorganizingandcoordination,betterplayinvestmentbenefit.Civilengineeringconstructioninthebenefit,whilealsoissuedbythestateinstrictaccordancewiththerelevantconstructiontechnologystandard,thusfurtherenhanceChina'sconstructionleveltoensureconstructionquality,reducethecostfortheproject.Anybuildingbuiltonthesurfaceoftheearthallstrata,buildingweighteventuallytostratum,havetobear.FormationSupportbuildingtherockswerereferredtoasfoundation,andthebuildingsonthegroundandundertheupperstructureofself-respectandliabletotransfertothefoundationofcomponentsorcomponentcalledfoundation.Foundation,andthefoundationandthesuperstructureisabuildingofthreeinseparablepart.Accordingtothefunctionisdifferent,butinload,undertheactionofthemarerelatedtoeachother,istheinteractionofthewhole.Foundationcanbedividedintonaturalfoundationandartificialfoundation,basicaccordingtotheburieddepthisdividedintodeepfoundationandshallowfoundation.,foundationandfoundationistheguaranteeofthequalityofthebuildingsandnormaluseclosebutton,wherebuildingsfoundationinbuildingunderloadsofbothmustmaintainoverallstabilityandifthesettlementoffoundationproduceinbuildingscopepermittedinside,andfoundationitselfshouldhavesufficientstrength,stiffnessanddurability,alsoconsiderrepairmethodsandthenecessaryfoundationsoilretainingretainingwaterandrelevantmeasures.[3]Aspeoplelivingstandardriseceaselessly,thepeopletotheirplaceofbuildingspacehasenotonlyfromthenumber,andputforwardhigherrequirementfromqualityarecarhigherdemandsthattheenvironmentisbeautiful,havecertaincomfort.Thisneedstodecorateabuildingtobenecessary.Ifarchitecturemajorengineeringconstitutestheskeletonofthebuilding,thenafteradornmentbuildinghas etheflesh-and-bloodorganism,finalwithrich,perfectappearanceinpeople'sinfront,thebestarchitectureshouldfullyembodyallsortsofadornmentmaterialrelatedproperties,withexistingconstructiontechnology,themosteffectivegimmick,toachieveconceptionmustexpresseffect.Buildingoutfitfixtoconsiderthearchitecturalspaceuserequirement,protectthesubjectinstitutionsfromdamage,giveawithbeautifulenjoying,satisfytherequirementsoffireevacuation,decorativematerialsandschemeofrationality,constructiontechnologyandeconomicfeasibility,etc.Housingconstructiondevelopmentandatthesametime,likehousingconstructionasaffectingpeoplelifeofroads,Bridges,tunnelshasmadegreatprogress.Ingeneralcivilengineeringisoneoftheoldestsubjects,ithasmadegreatachievements,thefutureofthecivilengineeringwilloccupyinpeople'slifemoreimportantposition.Theenvironmentworseningpopulationincrease,peopletofightforsurvival,tostriveforamorecomfortablelivingenvironment,andwillpaymoreattentiontocivilengineering.Inthenearfuture,somemajorprojectsextimatedtobuild,insertrollerskyscrapers,acrosstheoceanBridges,moreconvenienttrafficwouldnotdream.Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,andtheearthisdeterioratingenvironmentwillbepromptedcivilengineeringtoaerospaceandMarinedevelopment,providemankindbroaderspaceofliving.Inrecentyears,engineeringmaterialsmainlyisreinforcedconcrete,lumberandbrickmaterials,inthefuture,thetraditionalmaterialswillbeimproved,moresuitableforsomenewbuildingmaterialsmarket,especiallythechemistrymaterialswillpromotetheconstructionoftowardsahigherpoint.Meanwhile,designmethodofprecision,designworkofautomation,informationandinligenttechnologyofintroducing,willbepeoplehaveamorecomfortablelivingenvironment.Theword,andthedevelopmentofthetheoryandnewmaterials,theemergenceoftheapplicationofcomputer,high-techintroductiontowaittowillmakecivilengineeringhaveanewleap.Theversatilityofconcrete,thewideavailabilityofitscomponentmaterials,theuniqueeaseofshaitsformtomeetstrengthandfunctionalrequirements,togetherwiththeexcitingpotentialoffurtherimprovementsanddevelopmentofnotonlythenewerprestressedandprecastconcreteconstructionbutalsotheconventionalreinforcedconcreteconstruction,combinetomakeconcreteastrongcompetitorofothermaterialsinaverylargefractionofInmoderntimes,withtheincreaseduseofsteelandreinforced-concreteconstruction,woodhasbeenrelegatedlargelytoaccessoryuseduringconstruction,touseintemporaryandsecondarystructures,andtouseforsecondarymembersofpermanentconstruction.Moderntechnologyinthelastsixtyyearshasrevitalizedwoodasastructuralmaterial,however,bydevelovastlyimprovedtimberconnectors,varioustreatmentstoincreasethedurabilityofwood,andlaminatedwoodmadeofthinlayersbondedtogetherwithsyntheticgluesusingrevolutionarygluingtechniques.