02 语篇理解之词句猜测题精读精练-备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语一轮复习语法知识十语篇能力双清(通用版)

语篇理解之词义猜测题英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类:(1)旧词新义，考杳词汇表中未出现的词义；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation'smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay301h.我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。(2)合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting,heartbroken,computer-literate,decision-thinking,imperfect等；(3)“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解•；(4)“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景(5)超纲生词。猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是中考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。【命题趋势】1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。【设问形式】Theunderlinedword”…"inthesccond(third---)paragraphrefersto(means).Bysaying”…"inthefirst(second••,)paragraph,theauthormeansthat.longerthanthosewhohaveamorenegativeopiniontolife.Itshowedthepossibilityofpositivepeoplelivingtotheageof85ormore.So,maybethethoughtofalongerlifemightencourageyoutobemorepositivetolife.Thestudyfoundthatoptimistsmayfinditeasiertocontrolfeelingsandgetlessstressed.Andasstressinfluencestheimmunesystem（免疫系统），it'spossiblethatoptimistsdealbetterwithillness.ProfessorLee,whoworkedonthestudy,said,“Ourfindingssuggestthatraisinglevelsofoptimismmayleadtolongerlifeandhealthierageing.,'Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲观主义者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.Butaglasshalfemptytypeofpersoncanhardlyseetheworldthroughhopcfi.ilglasses.Ifyou,retheoneamongthem,whatcouldyoudo?Acceptingthatweallhaveproblemsandwe'renotallthesamecanhelp.It'sbesttocelebratethepositivesandnotthinkaboutthenegativepartsofourlives.Peoplehavebeensharingtheirpersonaladviceonkeepingapositivewaytolife.VickiSiskasays,“Musicfeedsmysoul,andIhavegoodfriendswhocarefbrme.”Thesayinggoesthat“ahealthybodyleadsahealthymind“whichisperhapswhyotherpeoplehaveadviseddoingdeepthinkingaswellasstayinghealthytohelpkeepapositiveopinionaboutlife.FromParagraphsI&2,wecanlearnthat.A.negativeopinionsleadtobadendingsB.beingpositiveisn'taseasyaswethoughtC.”bepositivc^^isenjoyedbypessimistsD.optimisticpeopleliketohavealonglifeAccordingtoParagraph3,thestudyfoundthat.A.optimistsusuallygetmorestressedB.pessimistsareimpossibletolivelongC.optimistsareeasytodevelopillnessD.positiveimaginingisgoodfbrpessimistsTheunderlinedpart“glasshalfempty“inParagraph4probablymeans.A.negativeB.strongC.helpfulD.outgoingAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thestudyfoundthatpessimistscouldlive（obe85orahigherage.Optimistsarcseldomillbecausetheyhaveagoodimmunesystem.Pessimistsarcthoseunluckypeoplewhoalwayshaveproblems.Positiveopinionsaboutlifemightleadtogoodphysicalhealth.Thepassagemainlytellsus.A.tohavealonglifeB.totreatlifepositivelyC.theimportanceofhealthD.whatoptimistsandpessimistsare5C.theimportanceofhealth555Elephantsarethelargestlandanimalsalive（oday.Africanelephantsliveinfamilygroupscalledherds.Alloftheelephantsintheherdtakecareofeachother.Theleaderoftheherdisanoldmotherelephant.Sheisthematriarch.Aherdmayhaveasfewaseightorasmanyas100elephants.Theotherelephantsfollowthematriarchbecausesheknowshowtoguardthefamilyifdangerappears.Adultmaleelephantsgoofftoliveontheirownandstartfamilies.Elephantslearnbywatchingandcopyingotherelephants,andfromlife.Babyelephantsstaywiththeirmothersuntiltheyarefullygrownatabouttenyearsold.Elephantslivetobe50or60yearsold.Elephantsareintelligentanimalswithlongmemories.Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundin（hepast.Theherdwillfollowherthere.Shecanalsorememberthesafestplaceforbabyelephantstocrossafast-movingriver.Elephantstalktoeachotherwithlowrumblingsounds.Somerumblingsoundsarcsodeepthatpeoplearcunabletohearthem.Elephantshearsoundswiththeirears,thesolesoftheirfeet,andeventheirtrunks（象鼻.）.Theyalsogreeteachotherbytouchingwiththeirtrunksandfeet.Ifdangerappears,mothersflaptheircarstocalltheirbabiestothem.Otheranimalsdonotusuallyaitack（袭击）elephants.However,alionmighttrytoattackasickelephantorababy.Ifthishappens,everyoneisonguard.Theadultelephantscirclearoundthebabyelephants.Theadultsmakeloudtrumpetingsoundsandhitthegroundwiththeirtrunks.Thematriarchputsherselfbetweenthelionandtheherd.Sheflapsherearsouttomakeherselflookevenlarger.Thenshelowersherheadandchargestheenemyinabigcloudofdust.AccordingtoParagraphs1&2,thematriarch.A.protectstheherdB.justfollowstheherdC.drinkswateraloneD.istheoldestelephantWhichofthefollowingprobablybestexplains“spell"underlinedinParagraph2?A.Magician.B.Prediction.C.Period.D.Ability.AccordingtoParagraph3,howdoelephantscommunicatewitheachother?Peoplecanhearallthesoundsofelephants.Elephantscanheareachotheronlywithears.Elephantsgreeteachotherbyflappingears.Elephants,trunkscanbeusedtocommunicate.Whichof（hefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Noelephantstakecareofbabyelephantsatthetimeofdanger.Babyelephantsstaywiththeirmothersaslongastheywant.Amatriarchcanfindthewaterbecauseofthelongmemory.Whenalionattacks,adultelephantscirclearoundthematriarch.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A.ABabyAndAMatriarch.B.AnElephantHerd.C.ALionAndAnElephant.D.AnElephantMatriarch.6Ourschoolheldmanyactivitieslastweek.WecalleditRoadSafetyWeek.Oneoftheeducationalactivitieswasaspeechgivenbyapoliceofficer.Hesharedsomethingabouttheroadsafety.Herearesomeimportantpointsabouthisspeech.Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappen.Theyhappenbecausepeoplearecareless.Afreauentcause（原因）oftrafficaccidentsisspeed.Somepeopledrivetoofast.Thismeansthatiftheyhavetostopsuddenly,theycannotstopquicklyenoughtoavoid（避免）hittingothers.Youneed（orememberthiswhenyouarecrossingthestreetorwalkingalongthesidewalk（人行道）.It'snotonlydriverswhocauseaccidents.However,peopleonfbot-pcdcstrians（行,andbicycleridersoftencauseaccidents,too.Pedestrianssometimeswalkoutintothestreetwithoutlooking.Youshouldalwayslookonbothsidesbeforesteppinginto（hestreet.Doanyofyourideabike?Bicycleriderscancauseaccidentsbychangingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.Beforeyouturnleft,forexample,youshouldcheckbehindyoutomakesuretherearen'tanycars,trucksorbusescoming.Youshouldshowwithyourlefthandtotellthatyouwanttoturnleft.Youshouldnotturnuntilthestreetisclear.Therulesoftheroadareverysimple.Ifwelearnthemandobey（遵守）them,weshouldnothaveaccidentsanymore.ThereweremoreotheractivitiesinRoadSafetyWeek.Ihopeeverystudentcouldlearnsomething.Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappenif.A.peoplearemorecarefulB.peopledon'tknowtherulesC.peoplecrossthestreetsquicklyD.peoplestoptheircarssuddenlyTheunderlinedword“frequent"inthepassagemeansinChinese.A.自由的B.罕见的C.频繁的D.所有的Whatshouldn'ttheridersdowhenridingbikesonthestreet?Makingsuretherearen'tanycarscoming.Warningotherroadusersbeforecrossingthestreet.Showingwithyourrighthandtotellthatyouwanttoturnright.Changingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.Fromthepoliceofficer'sspeech,wecanlearnthefollowingexceptthat（除了）.ridingbikesisthemostdangerousil'snotonlydriverswhocausetrafficaccidentssomepeoplehaveaccidentsbecausetheydrivetooquicklyobeyingtherulesoftheroadmaystopyoufromhavingaccidentsWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.SafetyFirstB.RoadSafetyWeekC.HowtoKeepSafeD.ADiscussionaboutSafety7Onceuponatime,therewasayoungmancalledDon.Oneday,Doncaughtalargefish.Ashewasabouttosellthefish,thefishsuddenlystartedsaying,“Pleasedon'tkillme!”DonthoughttohimselC"1mustbedreaming!Howcanafishlalk?”Thefishcarriedon,“Youaren'tdreaming.Icanreadyourmind.Ifyousetmefree,I'llgramyouthreewishes.^^Donhesitated（犹豫）forawhile,butputthefishbacktothesealateron.Doncontinuedhislifeasafishermanjustlikebefore.Oneday,hewalkedpastapoorvillageafterfishing.Sonicchildrenweresittinginfrontoftheiroldandbrokenhouse.Theyhadbeenhungryfordays.Donquicklytookoutailhisfishtothem.Hewishedhecouldhavemorefoodforthem.Suddenly,alotofdeliciousfoodappearedonthetable.WhilethechildrenweresleepingafterthebignieaLDonsawthattheirclothesweretooold.Donthought,“IhopetheycanhavenewclothesandIhopetheycanhavenewfurnituresothattheycanlivecomfortably.”Suddenly,theclothesonthechildrenbecamenewandclean.Thefurnitureinthehousebecamenewandcomfortable,too.Donrememberedwhatthefishtoldhim."Thatfishkeptitsword...”hesaidtohimself.WhatdidDondoforaliving?A.Hecaughtfish.B.Hecookedfish.C.Hemadefurniture.D.Hemadeclothes.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"grant''meaninChinese?A.拒绝B.制定C.支持D.答应Thefishsaid,"...Icanreadyourmind."Whatdiditmean?A.Thefishcouldread.B.Thefishcouldspeak.C.ThefishknewwhatDonwasthinking.D.ThefishunderstoodwhatDonwassaying.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthechildrenisNOTtrue?A.Theyhadbeenhungryfordays.B.Theirhousewasoldandbroken.C.Theyhadnotsleptforalongtime.D.Theydidnothavemoney(obuynewclothes.WhichistheBESTtideforthepassage?A.Don'tkillafishB.Afish'sthreewishesC.ArichfishermanandafishD.Thefisherman'sthreewishes8Youmightfeelfullafterhavingabigmeal.Butyoumayactuallysufferfrom“hiddenhunger”.Thismeansthatwhatyoucatmayfillyourstomach,butit'snotgivingyouthepropernutritionthatyourbodyneeds.Thishappenswhenfoodlacksthevitaminsandmineralspeopleneedtostayhealthy,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Atpresent,"hiddenhunger”afleets2billionpeopleworldwide,including300millionpeopleinChina.Itismostcommonlyseenamongchildrenandteenagersandcanresultinbadimmunesystem,blindnessorevendeath,ChinaNewsServicereported.ManyChinesepeopledon,tgetenoughiron,calcium,vitaminAandvitaminD.Onemainreasonisthatagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuchofthesenutrients.Over40percentofChina'sfarmlandislostitsvitaminsandminerals,loweringthenutritionalvalueofthecropsthatgrowonit,accordingtoXinhua.Manyoftheprocessedfoodsthatpeopleenjoyeatingtoday,suchaschips,burgersandcookies,havemadethesituationworse.Vitaminsandmineralsareaeasilylostwhenthesefoodsareprocessed.People'sDailynoted.Thehumanbodyneeds16kindsofminerals,includingironandcalcium,and13kindsofvitamins,includingvitaminsAandD,tostayhealthy.Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskinandallowyourbonestogrowproperly.Mineralsareimportantformaintainingbloodpressureandmakingnewcells.Inresponse,China'sgovernmenthascreatedseveralactionplanstoimprovepublichealth,aswellasdevelopandpromotenutritiousfoods.Eatingmorefreshnutrition-richfoodlikevegetables,wholegrainsanddairycanhelpusstayhealthy.Forvegetableslikecarrotsandbroccoli,boilingandsteamingcanbetterpresenetheirnutritionwhencomparedtofryingthem,CNNsuggests.WordBanknutrition营养immunesystem免疫系统promote推广preserve保留“Hiddenhunger“happenswhen.A.whatyoueatincludesomefreshnutrition-richfoodlikevegetables.whatyoueatcan'lgiveyouthepropernutritionyourbodyneed.whatyoucatfillsyourstomachbutyoustillfeelhungry.whatyoucatisn'tabigmeal.Whichoneisnotthereasonwhypeoplecan'tgetpropernutrition?Peopleeattoomuchprocessedfoodssuchaschips,burgersandcookies.Over40percentofChinasfarmlandislosingitsvitaminsandminerals.Childrenandteenagersareinbadimmunesystem.Someagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuch.Theunderlinedword“processed”means.A.污染的B.加工的C.出口的D.改进的Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?Vitaminsmaycauseblindness.Vitaminsincludeironandcalcium.Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskin.Vitaminsarehardlylostwhenfoodsareprocessed.Thepassageprobablymaybetakenfrom.A.ashoppingposterB.asciencereportC.aguidebookD.ahealthmagazine参考答案11.A2.A3.B4.B5.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了音乐带给人们好处，可以使人们精神愉悦，摆脱困境等。.细节理解题。根据文中“Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益处）.”可知，唱歌能带来许多健康的好处。故选A。.词句猜测题。根据后文“Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshowpeople'sopinionsandattitudes（态度）totheirlife.”可猜测出，下划线单词"expression”的汉语意思应是“表达"。故选A。.细节理解题。根据文中"Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.That'swhytheVoiceofChinaispopularamongpeople.”可知，中国好声音如此受欢迎是因为有些歌曲让人们开心和兴奋。故选B。.细节理解题。根据文中“Theydon'tlikesingingandtheysaysingingcannevermakethemhappy.”可知,有些人不喜欢唱歌是正确的。故选B。.最佳标题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益处）.”可知，文章最佳标题应是“唱歌的好处”。故选Do2.D7.A8.B9.B10.C【解析】我们一向以为快乐仅仅是指刚发生的事情会让我们感到快乐，但事实上与别人保持好的关系可以让我们一直保持良好的心情。本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法。.细节理解题。根据"Onewayisbeingunselfish,notwantingeverythingfromourfriends.Anotherwayistolookfbrgoodpoints,notbadonesinotherpeople.”可知，•种方法是无私，不要想从朋友那里得到,切；另一种方法是在别人身上寻找优点，而不是缺点。故选D。.细节理解题。根据“Beingfriendlyandpolitetoyourgroup…”可知，作者建议对团队友好礼貌，故选A。.推理判断题。根据"Atthesametime,itisimportanttorememberthat,whileyouarcprobablynoworsethanothers,thebestwaytobehappyistothinkyourselfaboveotherpeople.Whensomethingiswrong,itisgoodsensetotrytomakeitright.”可知，与此同时，重要的是要记住，虽然你可能不比别人差，但让自己快乐的最好方法是认为自己比别人高；当某件事出错时，努力改正是明智的。选项B”能够改变糟糕的状况”与之相符，故选B。.词义猜测题。分析“Justrememberthatweallhavesomeofthesefaultsandhavetofightagainstthem.”可知,我们每个人都有一些这样的缺点，我们必须与它们作斗争，所以此处faults的意思是“缺点”，故选B。.主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了一些快乐的方法，故选C。3.C12.A13.D14.C15.B【解析】本文介绍了同•种颜色在你的眼中和别人的眼中是不同的原因。.推理判断题。根据“Peoplewithweakerreceptorsusuallyhavecolorblindness.Thatthereceptorcan'ttranslatethelightwavescorrectlymeanssomepeoplecannottelldifferentshadesofacolor."可知，色盲的人无法正确地辨别颜色，故选C。.词义猜测题。根据"Inthepast,mostscientistsarguedthateveryonesawcolorsinthesameway.“可知，过去，大多数科学家认为每个人看颜色的方式都是一样的。因此通过研究，科学家能更好地了解颜色，故选A。.细节理解题。根据“Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavoritecolor,butjustcallsitdifferentnames.”可知，同样的颜色可能被赋予不同的名称。故选D。.主旨大意题。根据“Buthowdoyouknowwhatyouseeasblueisivtsomeoneelse'sred?"和"Whatifeveryoneintheworldhasthesamefavoritecolor,butjustcallsitdifferentnames.“可知，本文主要解释了为什么人们对同一种颜色的看法不同。故选C。.推理判断题。根据"Buthowdoyouknowwhatyousecasblueisn'tsomeoneelse'sred?”可知，此处解称为什么你眼中的蓝色可能会是别人眼中的红色，因此属于科学知识，摘自科学杂志，故选B.4.B17.D18.A19.D20.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。.推理判断题。根据第一、二两段内容和“Ofcourse,developingapositive（积极的）opinioniseasiersaidthandone.Whenyou'refeelingdown,itishardtobeoptimistic（乐观的）.”可知,保持积极心态并不像我们想象的那么容易，故选B。.细节理解题。根据"Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲观主义者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingturnsoutwell.”可知,悲观主义者可以做一些事情，比如想象一个一切都好起来的未来。选项D“积极的想象对悲观主义者是有好处的“与之相符，故选D。.词义猜测题。分析“Andsheadvisesthatpessimists（悲观主义者）couldgetbetterfromdoingthingslikeimaginingafuturewhereeverythingtumsoutwell.”和“Butaglasshalfemptytypeofpersoncanhardlyseetheworldthroughhopefulglasses.”可知，半杯空的人很难透过充满希望的眼镜看世界，此处glasshalfempty的是“悲观的“，故选A。.推理判断题。根据"ButastudyintheUShasfoundthatpeoplewhoareoptimistsaremorelikelytolivelonger”可知，美国的一项研究发现，乐观的人更有可能活得更长。故选D。.主旨大意题。本文向我们介绍积极的心态和态度对人们的好处。选项B“积极对待生活”符合主题，故选5.A22.C23.D24.C25.B【解析】短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。.细节理解题。根据"Theotherelephantsfollowthematriarchbecausesheknowshowtoguardthefamilyifdanger叩pears.”可知，其他大象跟着母象，因为她知道在危险出现时如何保护家庭。故选A。.词句猜测题。根据“Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundinthepast.“可知，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。此处spell是“时期”的含义，故选C。.细节理解题。根据“Elephantstalktoeachotherwithlowrumblingsounds...Elephantshearsoundswiththeircars,thesolesoftheirfeet,andeventheirtrunks（象鼻）.”可知，大象用低沉的声音相（交谈，大象也可以用耳朵、脚底、甚至用鼻子听声音。故选D。.推理判断题。根据“Elephantsareintelligentanimalswithlongmemories.Eveninadryspell,amatriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundinthepast."可知，大象是聪明的动物，记忆力很好，即使是在干旱时期，母象也能记得过去哪里有水。故选C。.最佳标题题。短文讲了大象的生活习性，详细地介绍了它们是怎样应对危险，记忆事物和学习等。选项B“象群”符合主题，故选B。6.A27.C28.D29.A30.C【解析】本文是在学校道路安全周时\一位警察在学校就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点。.细节理解题。根据第二段“Mosttrafficaccidentsshouldn'thappen.Theyhappenbecausepeoplearccareless.''可知，大多数交通事故的发生是因为人们的粗心，也就是说如果人们更加小心的话，这些事故就不会发生了，A选项符合题意。故选A。.词句猜测题。根据第二段“Mosttrafficaccidents……”可知，此段在讲的是大多数的交通事故，由此可猜测，这里的原因也应是大多数事故的共性，也就是常见的原因，C选项与此表达类似。故选C。.细节理解题。根据第三段“Bicycleriderscancauseaccidentsbychangingdirectionssuddenlyorwithoutwarningotherroadusers.”可知，骑自行车的人可能会因为突然改变方■向或不警告其他道路使用者而造成事故，所以这应是骑自行车的人在路上不应该做的事情。故选D。.细节理解题。提及骑自行车的安全知识主要在文章第四段出现，但是第四段并未表达过“端自行车是最危险的”的意思，所以从警察的演讲中我们不能了解到这点。故选A。.最佳标题题。本文主要是一位警察就道路安全所做的演讲中的一些要点，这些要点中警察教会我们如何遵守道路规则，也就是教我们如何保障自己的安全。故选C。7.A32.D33.C34.C35.D【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。.细节理解题。根据文中“Doncontinuedhisli色asafishermanjustlikebefore.”可知,Don以捕鱼为生,故选A。.词句猜测题。根据前句“Ifyousetmefree,"可猜测出，下划线单词“grant”的汉语意思应是“答应”。故选D。.推理判断题。根据文中“Donthoughttohimself,UImustbedreaming!Howcanafishtalk?”Thefishcarriedon,44Youaren'tdreaming.”可推断出,UIcanreadyourmind.”的意思应是鱼知道Don在想什么。故选C。.细节理解题。根据文中"Whilethechildrenweresleepingafterthebigmeal,Donsawthattheirclothesweretooold”可知，他们很久没睡觉了是不正确的。故选C。.最佳标题题。短文主要讲述了一个渔民Don捕到一条鱼，鱼希望Don放了它，而它满足了渔民的三个愿望。故最佳标题应是“渔夫的三个愿望故选D。8.B37.C38.B39.C40.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“隐性饥饿”的含义、成因以及一些解决方法；因为“隐性饥饿”影响了全球两百万人的健康，所以政府也在努力采取措施改善这一问题。.推理判断题。根据第二段，Thishappenswhenfoodlacksthevitaminsandmineralspeopleneedtostayhealthy…”可知，当食物缺少人体所需的维生素和矿物质时，也就是说当人们吃的东西不能给身体提供所需的适当营养时，人们就会遭受“隐性饥饿故选B。.细节理解题。根据第四段“Onemainreasonisthatagriculturalproductsdon'thavemuchofthesenutrients.Over40percentofChina'sfarmlandislostitsvitaminsandminerals…”和第五段"Vitaminsandmineralsareaeasilylostwhenthesefoodsarcprocessed.”可知，“农产品中没有太多营养物质"，“中国40%以上的农田失去Inparagraph“…”canbereplacedby"Themeaningof”•••”inparagraph,•,isrelatedto.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto,,,(paragraph,•,)?Theunderlinedsentenceintheparagraphprobablymeansthat.【应试技巧】词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。1.构词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词,可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根,fore是“先,前，预”的含义，un是否定,able是“能的，可的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。【典例示例】...Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.M...Theunderlinedword“outcome“inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection【答案】B【解析】运用"构词法''进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为“露出、出现、显露出“。再根据句子的语境,可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。2.利用同义近义词猜词在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或。r,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。【典例示例】...Fermat'sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatinthe了维生素和矿物质''以及“食品在加工过程中容易丢失维生素和矿物质”都会导致人们不能得到足够的营养，只有C选项不是其中的原因。故选C。.词句猜测题。根据第五段“…suchaschips,burgersandcookies…”可知，作为例子的薯条、汉堡和饼干都属于加工过的食品，所以画线处的单词意为“加工的”。故选B。.细节理解题。根据第六段“Vitaminshelpmaintainhealthyeyesandskin…”可知，维生素有助于保持眼睛和皮肤健康，C选项符合原文表达。故选C。40..主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了与人体健康有关的“隐性饥饿”，由此可知此文章可能出自健康杂志。故选Doseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique....Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle“asitisusedinthetext?Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.Tolimitpeople'simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat）,并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这•信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。3.利用反义词猜词对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。【典例示例】...Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclcrio,anEvasionmotheroftwo,ages4and18months....74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^hassle''probablymean?Apartydesignedbyspecialists.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.Asituationcausingdifllcultyortrouble.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根据前句的否定doesn't与后句的肯定canbe这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至「麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty,trouble相近。答案为C。4.利用上下文语境猜词任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来中考考查的热点。【典例示例】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfuraymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.••••••WhatdocstheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?Endone'sstrugglefbrliberty.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。52.D［解析］词义猜测题。根据第三段I'intalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知,作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。5.利用定义和解释猜词有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，Xj生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。【典例示例】“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,Goldsaid.uThefoodisfreeofpesticides（农药），andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally（本地）grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend“asthewordsareusedinthetext?Growinginterestinorganicfood.Betterqualityoforganicfood.Risingmarketfororganicfood.Higherpricesoforganicfood.【答案】A［解析】由Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingsomething可以推断出,越来越多的顾客像Gold••样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。6.根据语义转折猜词有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,on（hecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,rather（han,foronething,foranother等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。【典例示例】...Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyarcactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.•••71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains''probablymeans"A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful【答案析】A【解析】由However从句当中的alfirslglance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的lakespecialpains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。7.利用经验和常识猜词【典例示例】…"Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens（警笛）going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.^^Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto.A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear【答案】D【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。知识强化一、阅读单选1Somepeople（hinkthatsingingcanliftourspirits（精神）.Therearesomeotherpeoplewhodon'tthinkso.Theydon'tlikesingingandtheysaysingingcannevermakethemhappy.Idon'tagreewiththat.Ithinksingingcanmakeusfeelgood.Ofcourse（heycanliftourspirits.Letmetellyoumoreaboutthat.Someresearchersoncedidsomesurveysandhaveproved（hatis（rue.Singingcanbringnumbersofhealthbenefits（益处）.Ifyousingwithyourfriends,theeffectsmaybeevenbetter.JohnLennonisaretiredprofessorofvocal（音的）performanceatEmporiaStateUniversity.Hesays,“Singingisaninborn（天生的）need.Babiessingtothemselvesandtheyseemsohappy.Likebabies,whenwesing,wefeelsogoodandsingingmakesusfeelhappy.IlikesingingandIamhappyeveryday.”Musicisapailofhumannature.Andsingingisaformofexpressionthatisunderstoodbyeveryone.Somepeoplesaythatmusicislikeakindoflanguage.Thelanguagecanshowpeople'sopinionsandattitudes（态度）totheirlife.Somesongscancheerpeopleupwhentheyareintrouble.Somesongscanmakepeoplehappyandexcited.That'swhytheVoiceofChinaispopularamongpeople.Whatcansingingbring?A.Healthbenefits.B.Mentalproblems.C.Happinessandwealth.D.Somepressure.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordexpressionprobablymeaninChinese.A.表达B.表情C.运动D.放松Whyi