Unit 2 Wildlife Protection 单元检测-高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

第页共5页人教版高中英语必修二Unit2WildlifeProtection第I卷（选择题）一、完形填空（共15分）

Whenyoumeasurethedistancebetweentownsonfoot,andwalktoplacesthatyouthoughtcouldonlybereachedbycaranditwillchangeyourmind.

IliveinthesuburbnorthofSanFrancisco,and

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isconsideredthemaintransportationformostpeoplehere.Istillrememberhow

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IwaswhenIfirstlearnedtodrive.Whiledrivingwithmusicgently

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myheart,Iwasfilledwithjoy.However,astimewentby,thatexcitement

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.Ifeareddriving,andfeltworriedandupset.EveryoneseemstobeinmywayespeciallywhenIamina

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.Onenight,adeerranoutfromthedark,knockedagainstmymovingcar,and

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acrossthestreet.Ididn'tdaretogetoutofmycartoseeher.Cryingonthe

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,Ihatedmycar.

WhenIjoinedthe21-daymindfulwalking

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,Ibegantowalkwithamind.Duringthewalkingdays,Ismiledateverystranger

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byme.IwalkedtothestreetsthatI

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,wouldnotpassthroughand

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atinyfreelibraryonthesidewalk.Ibeganto

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ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears.It'sacompletely

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townthatIknowsolittleabout!

Ifeltdeeply

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forthewalkingchallenge.MaybeIwillsetfootonfarlandsagain,yetIknowthe

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isrighthereandrightnow.1.

A.walking B.driving C.flying D.biking2.

A.anxious B.surprised C.excited D.ready3.

A.attacking B.hitting C.recovering D.comforting4.

A.wentdown B.spreadout C.fellapart D.tookover5.

A.mess B.way C.hurry D.corner6.

A.came B.jumped C.landed D.ran7.

A.wheel B.carpet C.street D.shelter8.

A.organization B.challenge C.schedule D.competition9.

A.standing B.judging C.passing D.dropping10.

A.obviously B.exactly C.normally D.formally11.

A.discovered B.built C.entered D.rented12.

A.comment B.question C.argue D.check13.

A.special B.similar C.quiet D.new14.

A.grateful B.hungry C.sorry D.doubtful15.

A.contribution B.wonder C.concern D.pressure二、阅读理解（共30分）A

ThereismorethatcomeswitholderagethangreyinghairandwrinkledskinWhenhumansreachtheirlateryears,theyfavourmoreestablishedfriendsandtheirsocialcircleisreduced.

Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesamebehaviourinanotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.

Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.Theyclassifiedthechimps'relationshipsdependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersandgroomed(梳毛)them.Theythenratedthevariouspairingsasmutual(相互的)friendships,wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;one-sidedfriendships,whereonechimpwasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowedinterestintheother.

Whenthescientistslookedatthepatternsoffriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimpshadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Anotherfeatureseeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtointimidateothersintheirgrouplessoften.

Theobservationshavelefttheresearcherspuzzled.Accordingtoanideainpsychologyknownassocioemotionalselectivitytheory,orSST,olderhumansprefermorepositiverelationshipsbecausetheyareawaretimeisrunningout.Butmanyanimalexpertsarguethatchimpanzeeslackthehumansenseofmortality(死亡),suggestingsomethingelseisdrivingthebehaviour.

RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidinhumans,thedeclineinsocialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutandmeetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswithtrustedpartners,shesaid.16.Whatdooldermalechimpanzeesfavour?A.Oldfriendships.B.Newbonds.C.Greyinghair.D.Wrinkledskin.17.Howdidtheresearchersdrawtheirconclusionaboutchimpanzees?A.Byturningtootherscientists.

B.Byintroducinganewconcept.

C.Byformingrelationshipswiththem.

D.Byanalyzingtwodecades'observations.18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intimidate"inParagraph4mean?A.Threaten. B.Motivate. C.Defend. D.Accompany.19.AccordingtoRobinDunbar,whataccountsfordecliningsocialcirclesinchimpanzees?A.Awarenessoftime.B.Lesscompetitionformates.

C.Lowmotivationforsocialization.D.Lackofthehumansenseofmortality.B

Sometimesittakesacrisis(危机)tobringfriendstogether.WhenHurricane(飓风)MariawentthroughtheislandofCayoSantiagoin2017,themonkeyslivingtherebecamekindertowardeachother,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiology.

Thefindingsshowthemonkeysmademorefriendsandbecamemorepatienttooneanother.Althoughthehurricanedestroyedtwo-thirdsoftheplantsonthe"MonkeyIsland",theincreasedcompetitionforresourcescausedthemonkeystobecomemoreamicable,whichhelpedthemwidentheirfriendshipcircles.

"Weexpectedthemonkeyswouldusetheirclosestpartnerstodealwiththedestructionofthehurricaneandsowouldstrengthentheirexistingrelationships,"saidleadauthorTestard.

Butthatwasnotwhathappened.Instead,themonkeysbuiltnewrelationships,ratherthanstrengtheningtheiroldones,whichsurprisedtheresearchers.Monkeysthatwerethemostlonelybeforethestormincreasedsocialconnectionsthemostafterward.Thestudyshowedthatmonkeysoftenbefriendedthefriendsoftheirfriends.This"easy"waytomakingfriendsisoftenmirroredinhumansociety.

Thefindingscouldalsoindicatehowpeoplemightdealwiththeincreasingthreatofclimatechange.Themonkeysarecloseevolutionaryrelativestohumansandsharemanyfeaturesoftheirbiologyandbehaviorwithhumanbeings.Theclimatecrisishasincreasedthelikelihoodofextremeweathereventsandnaturaldisasters.Humanscanlearnathingortwofromstudyinghowthemonkeyscopewiththeunpleasanteffectsofclimatechange.

Themaintakeawaythestudyoffershumans:gobeyondyourclose-knitcircleoffriendsandformabroadersocialnetworktosurvivetoughtimes."Ourbestfriendscangiveusmanythings.Butsometimes,whatweneedisasocialnetworkwhereeveryoneisjustfriendlyenough,"Testardsays.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"amicable"

probablymean?A.Attacking. B.Frightening. C.Friendly. D.Energetic.21.Whatshockedresearchersaboutthemonkeysincrisis?A.Theysharedthelimitedresources.B.Theytookadvantageofoldbonds.

C.Theyestablishednewrelationships.D.Isolatedmonkeysweremostpopular.22.Whatdoesthelastparagraphfocusonaboutthestudy?A.Itsprocess.B.Itsresult.C.Itspurpose.D.Itssignificance.23.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.UpsandDownsoftheMonkeyIsland

B.ConnectionbetweenHumansandMonkeys

C.ACrisisLeadstoNewMonkeyFriendships

D.LearnfromMonkeysforBroaderSocialNetworkC

AyoungDutchinventoriswideninghisefforttodeanupfloating(浮动的)plasticfromthePacificOcean.Hehasdevelopedafloatingdevice(设备)totrapplasticwastemovingiotariversbeforeitreachestheoceans.

BoganSlatwasjust18yearsoldwhenheinventedasystemforcatchingwasteintheocean.HealsofoundedanenvironmentalgroupcalledTheoceancleanup.Itspurposeistodevelopthesystem.In2019,Slatshowedthenextstep:afloatingdevicecalledInterceptor.Itremovespastieoutofrivers.thedeviceispoweredbyenergyfromthesun."The1,000riversareresponsible:forshout80%ofplasticgoingintotheworld'soceans,"saidSlat.Threeofthemachineshavealreadybeenused.Eachmachinecostsabout$775,600,butthecostmightdropasproductionincreases.

Sincetheywereused,themachineshavebeendoingverywell,collectingtheplasticbottlesandalltherubbishintherivers.AccordingtoSlat,itisnecessarytoclose"thetap",whichmeanspreventingmoreplasticfromreachingtheoceansinthefirstplace.Hewantedtocleanthemallinthenextfiveyears."Thisisnotgoingtobeeasy,butifwedogetthisdone,wecouldtrulymakeouroceanscleanagain,"saidseal.

Thedeviceisdesignedtobesafeinrivers.Itsnoseisshapedtochangedirectionstokeepitawayfromlargerfloatingthings.Itworksbyguidingpastiewasteintoanopeninginthefrontofthedevice.Thewasteisthencalledinsidethemachine:whereitisdroppedintocontainers.Thedevicesendsatextmessagetolocaloperatorsthatcancomeandemptyitwhenitisfull.24.Whatcanweknowaboutinterceptor?A.Itisbeingundertest. B.Itcanhelpsortwaste.

C.Itneedssolarpowertowork. D.Itismainlyusedinthedeans.25.Whatdoes"thetap"refertoinparagraph3?A.Therivers. B.Themachines. C.Theoceans. D.Thewaste.26.What'sthefunctionofthedevice'snose?A.Toemptythewaste.B.Toserveascontainers.

C.Toensurethedeviceˈssafety.D.Tosendoperatorstextmessages.27.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook. C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.D

WhenIwasalittlekid,oneofmyfavoritethingstodowasgoingtothezoo.Irecentlyheardthattherearedebatesastowhetherelephantsshouldliveinzoosorshouldtheywanderaroundfree.Mypositionisthatsomeelephantsshouldliveinzoosforpeopletosee.

Manyexpertssaythatelephantshaveagoodlifelivinginzoos.Thereare78zoosthatexhibitelephants.Mostzoosaretakingthenecessarystepstomakelivingconditionsbetterfortheelephants.Theyaredoingthingssuchasreplacinghardfloorswithsandordirt.Thismakesiteasierforthemtowanderaround.Zoosarealsoexpandingtheirelephanthousetogivethelargeanimalsmoreroomtogoaround.

Zoosalsoprotectendangeredspecies.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,in2014thetotalpopulationofAfricanelephantswasaround700,000,andtheAsianelephantpopulationwasaround32,000.TheAsianelephantsareonapathtodyingout.Withoutzoos,theyallarelikelytodisappearwithinourlifetime.TheNationalZooplanstospendmillionsofdollarsonanewAsianelephanthabitat.Thatway,theycanstarttheirowngroupiftheAsianelephantsaregone.

Therearepeoplewhowantzoostoemptyalloftheirelephantdisplays.Iftheydecidetodoso,itwouldtakethechancetoseeelephantsupcloseawayfrompeople.Thatcouldchangethepublic'sfavorableopinionofelephants.NationalZoodirectorJohnBerrysaysthatallowingvisitorstoexperiencetheelephantsupcloseencouragespeopletocareaboutendangeredspecies.Duringoneofmyvisitstothezoo,itwasaveryhotday.Iwassweatingalot.BigBen,thelargestelephantondisplay,walkeduptomeandgentlysquirted(喷)myfacewithwaterfromhistrunk.Everyonewasamazedatwhathedid.ThatwasaverynicethingforBigBentodo.Iamsurethatelephantsarethenicestanimalsonearth.Iwishallzooswouldkeeptheirelephantdisplaysopentothepublic.IwantallmyfriendstobeabletoexperiencewhatIdidwithBigBen.

Ifeelzoosshouldfollowallthenecessarystepstokeepelephantsinzoos.IwouldraisemoneyatmyschoolifIthoughtitwouldhelptokeepelephantsinzoos.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheAsianelephants?A.Theyarelivinginanewhabitat.

B.Theyareattheriskofdisappearing.

C.Theypreferwanderingonhardfloors.

D.Theyoftensquirtpeople'sfacewithwater.29.Theunderlinedword"displays"inParagraph4means______.A.products B.trades C.habitats D.exhibitions30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardskeepingelephantsinthezoos?A.Objective. B.Disapproving. C.Supportive. D.Doubtful.第II卷（非选择题）三、选词填空（共15分）A.color;B.bones;C.shape;D.cells;E.hide;F.dangerous;G.change;H.go;I.reflect;J.another;K.odd;L.amazingOctopusesaremastersondisguise(伪装).Theycanchangetheirappearanceinlessthanasecond.Howdotheydothis?Anoctopuscandisguiseitselfinthreeways.Oneisbyusing

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.Anoctopus'sskinhasspecial

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calledchromatophores.Thesecellsarefilledwithyellow,brown,andredpigment(色素).Whenanoctopusmovesitsmusclesinacertainway,thecellsproducecolorfulspotsonitsskin.Chromatophorescanalso

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light.Inbluelight,forexample,anoctopus'sskinwilllookblue.Anoctopuscanalsochangeitsskintexture(皮肤结构).Whentheoctopusmovesitsmuscles,itsskincan

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unsmooth.Itmightthenlooklikeaplant,orcoral.And

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wayanoctopusdisguisesitselfisbychangingits

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.Some,forexample,rolltheirbodiesintoballssotheylooklikerocks.Onetypeofoctopuscanchangeitsformtolooklikeotherseacreatures—especially

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ones,suchasseasnakes?

​​Whyareoctopusessogoodatdisguisingthemselves?Theyhavetobe.Theoceanisnotasafeplaceforthem.Becausetheyhaveno

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intheirbodies,octopusesarelikelargepiecesofmeat.Manypredators(捕食者)wanttoeatthem—andtheycaneatthemwhole.Tosurvive,octopuseshavedevelopedthe

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abilitytochangetheirappearanceveryquicklyinorderto

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frompredators.四、阅读填空（共15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Jimisaneight-year-oldboy.Oneday,whenhewenttothecountryside

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hisparents,hecaughtabeautifulbirdinthewoods.

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hisfathertriedveryhardtopersuadehimtoletitgo,Jimstilldecided

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(keep)it.

After

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(come)backfromthecountryside,Jimboughtabeautifulcageandkeptthelittlebirdinit.Inordertomakethebirdhappy,he

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(feed)itwithnicefood.Hethoughtthebirdlived

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(happy)withhimbecauseitdidn’thavetotryhardtofindfood.

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,thebirddidn’tlookhappy.Italwayslookedoutofthecage,staringatthesky.Anditneversang.

Oneday,hisfathersaidtohim,“Youshouldletthebirdgonow.Itwouldbemuch

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(good)forittoliveinthewoodsthanhere.Ifyoucontinuetokeepit,itmaydie.”ButJimdidn’tfollowhisfather’s

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(suggest).Thebirdwasstillkeptinthecage.

Onemorning,whenJimwenttoplaywiththebirdasusual,hefoundthatthebird

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(die).Jimwasverysadandregretted（后悔）notlettingitgo.Butitwasalreadytoolate.五、书面表达（共25分）假如你叫李华，你所生活的城市周围有很多动植物正逐渐减少，对此你想向有关部门写一封信，分析造成这种现象的原因，并根据实际情况提出切实可行的几条建议。以下几条要点要包括在内：

(1)野生动植物的现状，并简要分析造成许多野生动植物濒临灭绝的原因；

(2)提出几条保护野生动植物的具体措施。

注意：

(1)词数80左右，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

(2)开头语和结束语已给出，不计入总词数。

DearSir/Madam,

I'mwritingtogivesomesuggestionstoprotectthewildlifelivinginandaroundourcity.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Ihopemysuggestionsarehelpful.

Yours，

​​​​​​​LiHua

答案1-15.B、C、D、A、C、C、A、B、C、C、A、B、D、A、B1.

我住在旧金山以北的郊区，开车被认为是这里大多数人的主要交通形式。A.walking步行；B.driving开车；C.flying飞行；D.biking骑自行车。根据下文中的whenIfirstlearnedtodrive可知，作者此处是说开车(driving)是这个地区大多数人主要的交通方式。故选B。

2.

我仍然记得10年前我第一次学会开车时我是多么兴奋。A.anxious焦虑；B.surprised惊讶的；C.excited感到激动的；D.ready准备好。根据下文中的However,astimewentby,thatexcitement

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.可知，作者刚学会开车是很兴奋的(excited)。3.

当我驾车时，音乐轻轻地安慰着我的心，我内心充满了快乐。A.attacking袭击；B.hitting打；C.recovering寻回；D.comforting安慰。根据下文中的Iwasfiledwithjoy可知，此处是说作者开着车，听着音乐，舒缓的音乐抚慰着(comforting)作者的心。4.

随着时间的推移，这种兴奋感逐渐消退。A.wentdown下来；B.spreadout散开；C.fellapart破碎；D.tookover占上风。根据下文中的Ifeareddriving,andfeltworriedandupset可知，作者对车的兴奋度随着时间的流逝下降了(wentdown)。故选A。

5.

每个人似乎都挡着我的路，尤其是在我赶时间的时候。A.inamess团糟；B.inaway在某种程度上；C.inahurry匆忙；D.inacorner在一个角落里。根据语境可知，当作者匆忙时，总认为人们挡了他的路。故选C。

6.

一只鹿从黑暗中跑了出来，撞上了我正在行驶的汽车引擎盖上，落在街对面的地上。A.came来；B.jumped跳；C.landed降落；D.ran跑。根据上文中的adeerranoutfromthedark,knockedagainstmymovingcar和下文中的acrossthestreet可知，这只鹿被撞飞后，落到了(landed)街的对面。故选C。

7.

我坐在汽车上，不敢下车去看，我痛恨我的车。A.wheel轮子；B.carpet地毯；C.street街道；D.shelter避难处。根据上文中的Ididn'tdaretogotoutofmycartoseeher可知，作者没下车，趴在方向盘(wheel)上哭泣。故选A。

8.

我参加为期21天的有意识步行挑战赛，我开始带着思想走路。A.organization组织；B.challenge挑战；C.schedule工作计划；D.competition比赛。根据最后一段中的Ifeltdeeply

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forthewalkingchallenge.可知，作者加入了21天的步行挑战(challenge)活动。故选B。

9.

在走路的那些日子里，我对每一个经过我身边的陌生人微笑。A.standingby支持；B.judgingby依据……来判断；C.passingby路过；D.droppingby顺便访问。根据空前的stranger可知，作者会对从身边经过(passingby)的每一个陌生人微笑。故选C。

10.

我走到一条我通常不会经过的街道上，发现人行道上有一个小的免费图书馆。A.obviously明显地；B.exactly确切地；C.normally正常地；D.formally正式地。根据语境可知，作者走到通常(normally)不会经过的那条街上。故选C。

11.

我开始怀疑这些年来我是否真地住在这个镇上。A.discovered发现；B.built修建；C.entered进入；D.rented租用。根据下文中的atinyfreelibraryonthesidewalk可知，作者在这条不常走的街上发现了(discovered)一个免费的小图书馆。故选A。

12.

我开始怀疑这些年来我是否真地住在这个镇上。A.comment评论；B.question怀疑；C.argue争吵；D.check检查。根据下文中的"ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears"可知，作者开始怀疑(question)自己这些年来是否真的在这个镇子上生活13.这是一个我所知甚少的全新的城市。A.special特别的；B.similar相似的；C.quiet安静的；D.new新的。根据语境和上文中的"ifIhadreallylivedinthistownalltheseyears"可知，自作者步行以来，他发现这个镇子对于自己来说是一个新的(new)地方。14.

我对这次徒步挑战深表感激。A.grateful感激的；B.hungry渴望的；C.sorry难过；D.doubtful怀疑。根据语境可知，作者很感激(grateful)这个21天的步行挑战活动。15.

也许我会再次踏上遥远的土地，但我知道奇迹就在此时此地。A.contribution捐赠；B.wonder奇迹；C.concern担忧；D.pressure压力。根据语境可知，作者也许会再次访问遥远的地区，但他知道奇迹就在此时此地。故选B。16-19.A、D、A、B16.

根据文章第二段中的Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees(猩猩)revealthatoldermaleschoosetohangoutwiththeirlong-termfriendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.（20年来对黑猩猩的观察表明，年长的雄性黑猩猩选择与长期的朋友在一起，而牺牲了其他的关系。）可知，年长的雄性黑猩猩更重视旧的友谊。17.

根据文章第三段中的Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016thatfollowedthesocialinteractionsof21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.（研究人员研究了1996年至2016年间对21只年龄在15岁至58岁之间的雄性黑猩猩进行的7.8万小时的社会交往观察。）可推知，研究人员是通过分析二十年来的观察得出关于黑猩猩的结论的。故选D。

18.

根据文章第四段划线词前面的Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsofaggression(挑衅)tailedoff,meaningtheystartedfewerfights（随着雄性年龄的增长，他们的挑衅水平逐渐下降，这意味着他们开始减少争斗）可知，随着雄性黑猩猩年龄的增长，它们也更少恐吓群体中的其他成员。由此推知，划线词“intimidate”的意思为“威胁，恐吓”。故选A。

19.

通过文章最后一段中的Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessformates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal(互惠的)relationshipswithtrustedpartners,shesaid.（她说，在黑猩猩身上，随着年龄较大的雄性黑猩猩争夺配偶的机会减少，它们可能会专注于与可信任的伴侣建立亲密、互惠的关系。）可知，RobinDunbar指出，减少对配偶的竞争导致了黑猩猩社交圈的减少。故选B。

20-23.C、C、D、C20.

根据第二段中的Thefindingsshowthemonkeysmademorefriendsandbecamemorepatienttooneanother.（研究结果显示，猴子们结交了更多的朋友，对彼此也变得更有耐心。）以及whichhelpedthemwidentheirfriendshipcircles.（这有助于它们扩大友谊圈。）可知，猴子们在飓风之后变得更加友好，这有助于它们扩大友谊圈，推测划线单词表示“友好的”，与friendly同义。故选C。

21.

根据第四段中的Instead,themonkeysbuiltnewrelationships,ratherthanstrengtheningtheiroldones,whichsurprisedtheresearchers.（相反，猴子们建立了新的关系，而不是巩固他们的旧关系，这让研究人员感到惊讶。）可知，使研究人员感到惊讶的是猴子们建立了新的关系，而不是巩固旧关系。故选C。

22.

根据最后一段中的Themaintakeawaythestudyoffershumans:gobeyondyourclose-knitcircleoffrie