高二下英语基础知识点

Unit11

§3.1汉英翻译

1.有……共同之处

答案：have…incommon

2.有……要发生，即将到来

答案：have…instore

3.是……的所在地

答案：behometo

4.开始创建

答案：getstarted

5.在80年代初期

答案：intheearly1980s

6.实现，成为现实

答案：cometrue

7.进入，踏进

答案：setfootin

8.开公司

答案：runacompany

9.对……有影响

答案：have(an)effecton

10.依赖，依靠

答案：relyon

11.恢复生气，活跃起来

答案：cometolife

12.提出(主意、计划等)

答案：putforward

13.目的是做某事

答案：aimatdoingsth.

§3.2单项填空

1.We’vejustheardawarningontheradiothatahurricaneistocomethisevening.

A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.believable

解析：likely可用于sb./sth.islikelytodosth.或itislikelythat…句式，possible则用于itispossibleforsb.todosth.或itispossiblethat…句型，而probable只能用于itisprobablethat…句式。

答案：A

2.Heurgedustothissplendidopportunitytodevelopourmovieindustry.

A.escapeB.graspC.ensureD.master

解析：他督促我们抓住这一难得的好机会来发展我们的电影业。

答案：B

3.Don’tworry.I’veacartopickuptheguestsatthestationat6o’clock.

A.arrangedB.arrangedforC.preparedD.preparedfor

解析：arrangeforacar“安排一辆汽车”。

答案：B

4.Youcan’trelyhimtodothejobproperly.Hedoesn’thaveanyexperience.

A.toB.withC.onD.in

解析：relyon是固定搭配。

答案：C

5.ThePresidentisnowonavisittoRussia,atexpandingrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.

A.aimsB.toaimingC.beingaimedD.aimed

解析：beaimedatdoingsth.是习语，此处因为是作伴随状语，故用过去分词形式。

答案：D

6.Thisexperimentturnedouttobefailure,but,asweknow,successoftencomesafterfailure.

A.a;aB./；/C.a;/D./；a

解析：failure指“失败的人或事”时是可数名词；泛指失败时是不可数名词。

答案：C

7.Tomydelight,Ifoundthenewflatinpleasantsurroundings.

A.locatedB.locatingC.tolocateD.beinglocated

解析：belocatedin意为“坐落在”，是固定用法，此处用过去分词作宾语补足语。

答案：A

8.Iprefertotravellight.Imean,Iliketravellingwithouttaking.

A.manyluggagesB.muchluggageC.aluggageD.anyluggages

解析：luggage是不可数名词。

答案：B

9.SincethenmanyChinesemovieshavewonvariousawards.Meanwhile,moviesmadeinTaiwanandHongKongernationalfame.

A.acceptedB.createdC.achievedD.developed

解析：“获得国际名声”用achieveinternationalfame。

答案：C

10.WhenIfirstsetinAustralia,Ididn’tknowwhatthefuturemighthaveinforme.

A.myfoot;thestoreB.afoot;thestoreC.foot;storeD.feet;stores

解析：setfootin（踏进；踏上）和have…instore（将要发生）是固定短语。

答案：C

11.Thesedoctorsarebusydayandnight,acureforAIDS.

A.bringingonB.pullingonC.takingonD.workingon

解析：workon“从事于”，此处意为“在研究一种治疗艾滋病的方法”。

答案：D

12.Ifyoubecomesick,itisnearlyimpossibletogoonwithyoureducation,letalonemakeyourdreamstrue.

A.comeB.turnC.becomeD.get

解析：cometrue“成为现实；实现”，是固定搭配。

答案：A

13.Thenewtechnologywillmakepossibletogrowfoodwithverylittlewater.

A.itB.itisC.thatD.thatis

解析：it作形式宾语，后面的不定式作真正的宾语。

答案：A

14.Thisdistrict,manyfamousuniversities,isnowthenewcentreforChinesescienceandtechnology.

A.hometoB.thehomeforC.baseforD.basedin

解析：behometo“是……的所在地，是……的大本营”，此处因为作定语，故用hometo，相当于whichishometo。

答案：A

15.Youaresmart,diligentanddetermined,which,I’msure,willthisplanasuccess.

A.getB.leadtoC.causeD.make

解析：“使该计划成功”。四个选项中只有make后可接复合宾语。

答案：D

§3.3介词、副词填空

1.Man-madesatellitesarecarriedupspacerockets.

答案：into;by

2.Shipsandplanescankeepthepathofthehurricane.

答案：outof

3.Giventhechancetogoabroadbusiness,hegladlyacceptedit.

答案：on

4.Theproblemtobediscussedthemeetingtomorrowisgreatimportance.

答案：at;of

5.satellites,youcannotwatchTVprogramscomingtheothersidetheworld.

答案：Without;from;of

6.Therocketmustgoaspeedfastenoughtoescapethepulltheearth,otherwiseitwillfallbacktheearth.

答案：at;of;to

7.Aball,whichisfulleitherhotairorlightgas,canflythesky.

答案：of;into

8.thedarkstreet,therewasnotapersonwhomIcouldturnhelp.

答案：In;to;for

9.Thepicture,whichhepaid$1000,wasownedafamouspainter.

答案：for;by

10.Wheneverwecannotfallasleepahotsummernight,whattroublesusmostisthatsomeoneissingingKaraokeaterriblevoice.

答案：on;in

§3.5单句改错

下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。

1.ZhongguancunishomefortheChineseAcademyofSciencesandsomeotherfamousuniversities.

答案：for→to

2.AnumberofoverseasChinesehasgraspedtheopportunitytodeveloptheirideasathome.

答案：has→have

3.XiangYufangisoneofthosewhohavereturnedbacktoChinaafterstudyingandworkingabroad.

答案：去掉back

4.Zhongguancunmadepossibleforhimtofollowhisdreamsandhelpthecountryheloves.

答案：made后加it

5.Ineverfeltrealcomfortableabroad,andImissedeverythinginChina.

答案：real→really

6.Icouldn’tfindacompanywhichIcouldusewhatIhadlearnt.

答案：which→where

7.HerunsasmallcompanybasinginZhongguancuntogetherwithtwofriends.

答案：basing→based

8.Theycanonlyreachthetopiftheyarereadytodowithandlearnfromfailure.

答案：do→deal

9.Chinesehistoryisfillingwithgreatachievementsinscienceandtechnology.

答案：filling→filled

10.Therocketshavebeenusedtosendingsatellitesintospaceandtoprepareforthenation’sfirstmannedspaceflight.

答案：sending→send

知识应用自测

Ⅰ.单项选择

<1>I’ve_______formysecretarytomymeetmymotherattheairport.

A.arrangedB.fixed

C.setD.ordered

<2>Manyworkingwomenrelyonrelatives_______takecareoftheirchildren.

A.helpB.tohelp

C.forhelpingD.helps

<3>Ifyouhavedifficulty_______theisland,pleaseaskoneofthepoliceforhelp.

A.locateB.locating

C.lookingD.searching

<4>Thiswillenablethestoretosellmore,_______greatersuccess.

A.achieveB.gain

C.achievingD.succeeding

<5>Thethief_______herbagandran.

A.graspedB.caught

C.snatchedD.seized

<6>It’sclearthatthe2008BeijingOlympicswill_______ourcountry’sgreatachievementsinscienceandtechnology.

A.showoffB.showup

C.showdownD.showcase

<7>They_______anumberofsuggestions.

A.putup

B.puton

C.putforward

D.putdown

<8>It’s_______torain.It’scloudy.

A.likely

B.probably

C.possibly

D.probable

<9>Shesaidshewouldnever_______inhishouseagain.

A.enter

B.putherfoot

C.setfoot

D.getafoot

<10>Whenhe_______,hewaslyingonthefloorwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.

A.cameto

B.cameback

C.cameby

D.cameup

<11>Thediscoveryofthenewelementis_______.

A.significance

B.significantly

C.ofgreatsignificance

D.muchsignificant

<l2>Youmay_______theywillhelpyousolvetheproblem.

A.rely

B.relyon

C.relythat

D.relyonitthat

<13>The______________thenews_______thepubliconTV.

A.announcer;announced;/

B.announcer;announced;to

C.announcement;announce;/

D.announcement;announce;to

<14>Heleftschoolfor_______reasons.

A.economicalB.economic

C.economicsD.economy

<15>Theyareworkingona_______spaceshiptoMars,whichisanimpressiveproject.

A.manB.men

C.mannedD.mans

应用自测解析

1.Aarrangeforsb.todosth.意为“安排某人做某事”。

2.Brelyon(upon)somebodytodo“指望某人做……，相信某人会做……”。

3.B本句话是一个固定句型，havesomedifficulty(in)doingsomething，应把A排除掉。search意为“搜查”，句意不妥；而locate意思是“确定……的位置”，“发现……的场所”，所以答案为B。

4.C首先本题应确定选分词作状语，把A与B排除掉。achieve表示“取得……”“赢得……”，正合题意。

5.C本题主要考查词义辨析。句意为“那个盗贼一把抢走了她的手提袋后逃之夭夭”。这四个词都有“抓”的意思，但snatch为贬义词，强调“抢夺；攫取”。

6.Dshowoff意为“卖弄，炫耀”；showup意为“出席；露面”；showdown意为“摊牌；暴露”。showcase为动词，表示“展示，陈列”之意。

7.C本题考查短语辨析。putforward表示“提议，提出计划等”。putdown表示“放下；记下；镇压”。putup表示。举起；建造；张贴”。puton表示“穿上；打开”。

8.A在搭配方面：possible和probable作表语时，不能用“人”作主语，而常用it作形式主语；likely作表语时，既可以用“人”，也可以用it作形式主语。

9.C本题考查固定短语，setfoot表示“进入”。enter亦为“进入”之意，但它通常作及物动词。

10.Acometo为固定短语，表示“苏醒过来，恢复知觉”，也可以用cometooneself来表示。

11.Cofgreatsignificance等于verysignificant。much表示程度，不能修饰significant，故D选项错误。

12.Drelyonitthat为一习惯搭配，on之后之所以加形式宾语it是因为介词之后不能直接接that引导的宾语从句。

13.Bannouncer意为“播音员”；announcement意为“通知，宣告”；announcesth.tosb.意为“向某人宣布某事”。

14.B本题句意为“他因经济原因而辍学”。economical意为“节约的，廉价的”；economy意为“经济，财政”，为名词，一般不作定语；economics意为“经济学”；只有economic“经济的，经济上的”，符合题意。

15.Cmanned为派生形容词，意为“（宇宙飞船等）载入的”，正合题意。

Unit12

基础巩固

§3.1汉英翻译

1.渐渐喜欢上……

答案：developone’slovefor…

2.使某人记起某事

答案：remindsb.ofsth.

3.打下……基础

答案：laythefoundationof…

4.着手做某事

答案：setouttodosth.

5.努力做某事

答案：inone’seffortstodosth.

6.结果是，被证明是

答案：turnouttobe

7.带某人上船

答案：takesb.onboard

8.从那天起

答案：fromthatdayon

9.囚禁某人

答案：keepsb.asaprisoner

10.去冒险

答案：goonanadventure

11.阐明……；使……显得清楚

答案：throwlighton

12.引起某人的注意

答案：attractone’sattention

13.高8英尺

答案：eightfeetinheight

§3.2单项填空

1.Ionlyknowitisadistanceawayfromhere,butIdon’tknowthedistanceexactlyis.

A.good;whatB.good;howfarC.far;whatD.far;howfar

解析：distance的修饰语常用good,great或long；“距离有多远”要用what来表示。

答案：A

2.AfterIgiveupworkIshalltakealongsea.

A.journeyB.tripC.voyageD.travel

解析：海上旅行一般用voyage，而journey和trip多指陆上旅行；travel作名词不可表示旅行的路程。

答案：C

3.Theywenttheshipjustbeforeitstartedtoleave.

A.aboardB.boardC.aboardonD.boardon

解析：goaboardtheship或goonboardtheship是固定说法，意为“上船”。

答案：A

4.Suddenlytherecameacryforhelpfromtheriver,whichattractedhis.

A.careB.concernC.eyeD.attention

解析：attractone’sattention或drawone’seye是固定搭配。

答案：D

5.Wheneveryouareintrouble,don’thesitatemeforhelp.

A.askingB.toaskC.inaskingD.toasking

解析：hesitatetodosth.或hesitateaboutdoingsth.是固定句式。

答案：B

6.Jules’fathersenthimtoParistostudylaw,buthedevelopedhisloveforthetheatre.

A.besidesB.moreoverC.thereforeD.instead

解析：“他被送往巴黎学法律，而他却爱上了戏剧”。instead可作副词，意为“而是，却”。

答案：D

7.Weweresurprisedthatyourparentscamewithusandspentthewholedayinthesnow.

A.toplayB.playedC.playingD.toplaying

解析：spendtimedoingsth.是固定句式。

答案：C

8.Unlikemostyoungwomenherday,shewasabletomeetotherwell-educatedpeopleondifferentoccasions.

A.ofB.onC.forD.in

解析：ofone’sday/time是固定短语，意为“某人那个时期的”。

答案：A

9.Thephotomeofmyhappychildhood.

A.recalledB.calledC.rememberedD.reminded

解析：remindsb.ofsth.“使某人想起某事”。

答案：D

10.Thisproblemisnotsodifficultasweexpected.Itisbelievedinafewdays.

A.settlingB.beingsettledC.tobesettledD.tohavesettled

解析：bebelievedto是固定句式，此处it指代problem，与settle是被动关系，故用tobesettled。

答案：C

11.Themomentshecamebackfromwork,shetocleanthekitchenthoroughly.

A.setaboutB.setoutC.setoffD.setup

解析：setouttodosth.或setaboutdoingsth.意为“着手或开始做某事”。

答案：B

12.Studiesshowthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeopledefendthemselves

illness.

A.againstB.overC.withD.off

解析：defend…against/from…是固定搭配。

答案：A

13.indivingsuits,theywalkaroundinthismagicworld,lightedbythelampsoftheship.

A.DressingB.DressedC.TodressD.Beingdressed

解析：此处表示穿着的状态，用dressedin…作状语。

答案：B

14.Ithasbeenrainingeverydaysofar.Ihopetomorrowwillfine.

A.turntoB.turnupC.turnintoD.turnout

解析：turnout后可接tobe+adj./n.，意为“结果是，最终是，后来是，被证明是”，tobe可省略。

答案：D

15.ItwasalreadyoneinthemorningIsawthedullyelloweyeofthecreatureopen.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.since

解析：此句不是强调句型。It指时间，when引导时间状语从句。

答案：A

§3.3介词、副词填空

1.Wellknownhisexpertadvice,hewasabletohelpmanypeopletheirpersonalaffairs.

答案：for;with

2.longIamalive,Iwillservethepeople.

答案：So;as

3.Theyquarrelledeachothertheeducationtheirchildren.

答案：with;about;of

4.Someonehadbrokenthetombsandtookawaymanytreasures.

答案：into

5.Ihavenotseenyourfathermonths.Pleaseremembermehim.

答案：for;to

6.Thegirlthoughtthequestionafewmomentsbeforeshegaveacorrectanswerit.

答案：of;for;to

7.Athickstickstandsthewallthecorner.

答案：against;in

8.Willyoupleaseseeitthatallthechildrenherearewellfedandtakengoodcare?

答案：to;of

9.Iwanttobuythisdictionary,buttheysoldallcopiesit.

答案：out;of

10.Icanseeahorsefastenedatreenextthehouse.

答案：to;to

§3.5单句改错

下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。

1.Heusedforthelatestideasandtechnicalinventionsofhisdayinhisbooks.

答案：去掉for

2.JulesVernediedin1905,longbeforeanyofhisdreamscametruly.

答案：truly→true

3.Theshipisalsoverystrongandprotectwiththickironplates.

答案：protect→protected

4.Allisneededforlifeonboardcomesfromtheocean.

答案：All后加that

5.Electricityisusedforlight,heating,poweranddefendtheshipagainstattacks.

答案：and后加to

6.Theirguideleadsthemthroughanarrowpassagedeeplyintotheearth.

答案：deeply→deep

7.Walkalongitsshorestheygothroughforestsofmushroomsandplantsthatlivedontheearthlongago.

答案：Walk→Walking

8.Ienteredthesearchforwisdomanddreamtoffindingawaytocureofanydisease.

答案：去掉cure后面的of

9.Howtoprepareabodyforitwithallitsmusclesandorganswasstillremainedadifficultjob

答案：去掉was

10.ItwasonanightinNovemberwhenIlookedattheresultofmywork.

答案：when→that

知识应用自测

ZHISHIYINGYONGZICE

Ⅰ.单项选择

<1>Itwashisdisease________stoppedhimdoinghisresearchwork.

A.whomB.who

C.thatD.which

<2>Whathesaid________toberight.

A.turnsoutB.isturnedout

C.toturnoutD.isturningout

<3>WhenIreturnedhome,Ifoundthewindow________andsomething________.

A.open;stolenB.opening;stealing

C.opened;missedD.opening;missing

<4>Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself________.

A.hearB.tohear

C.hearingD.heard

<5>Once_______attheshop,youwillbedismissedimmediately.

A.caughtstealingB.caughttosteal

C.catchingstealingD.tocatchtosteal

<6>Iamfirminmy________thatheisagoodteacher.

A.behaviorB.beloved

C.beliefD.believe

<7>Idon’tdoubt________hecandotheworkevenbetterthanyouexpected.

A.whetherB.that

C.whatD.why

<8>Welcometomygarden.________whereyougo.

A.NomatterB.Don’tmatterthat

C.Itisn’tmatterD.Itdoesn’tmatter

<9>Itwasforthisreason________hisauntmovedoutofLondonandsettleddowninasmallvillage.

A.whichB.why

C.howD.that

<10>Muchmoreattentionshouldbe________totheculturewhenlearningalanguage.

A.drawnB.paid

C.givenD.made

<11>MayI________thataplanshouldbemadeforthisterm’sstudy?

A.remindyouofB.remindyou

C.remindtoyouD.remindyouwith

<12>—Howdidhefeelwhenheheardthenews?

—Well,hisface________paleatonceatit.

A.turnedB.wasturned

C.changedD.wasbecome

<13>WasitbecauseitrainedheavilylastSunday________hedidn’tgototheparty?

A.whenB.why

C.thatD.which

<14>Themanager,________hisfactory’sproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.

A.knowB.knowing

C.toknowD.beingknown

<15>Thethingthat________isnotwhetheryoufailornot,butyoutryornot.

A.mattersB.cares

C.considersD.minds

Ⅱ.用括号中词的正确形式填空

<16>Heoftengetsmoneyby________(honest)means.

他经常获得不义之财。

<17>Iwas________(fortunate)tocatchtoday’slastbustothecountyatthelastminute.

我在最后一分钟错过了今天最后一班去县城的长途车，真是倒霉。

<18>I________(agree)withyouaboutthis.

对于这件事我跟你意见不同。

<19>________(lock)thedoor,please.

请开门上的锁。

<20>Soldiersmustnever________(obey).

军人必须服从命令。

<21>Takeoffyour________(coat).

脱下你的外套大衣。

<22>Youshouldtryto________(come)yourshortcomings.

你应该努力克服你的缺点。

<23>Thereisan________(ground)roomintheoldhouse.

在老房子里有一个地下室。

<24>Therearemany________(developed)areasinourcountry.

在我们国家还有很多经济上落后的地区。

<25>Asanurseryteacher,youmustn’tbe________(patient)withthechildren.

作为幼儿园教师，你不该对孩子急燥。

Ⅲ.汉译英

<26>让我们着手干这项工作吧。

<27>不久他就要回来了。

<28>这张照片使我想起了我的童年。

<29>他的理论被证明是正确的。

<30>他已经坐了五年牢了。

<31>随着经济的发展，我们的生活越来越好。

<32>我事实上已经把梦想变成了现实。

<33>她给她女儿穿上一件红裙子。

<34>她的歌声引起了我们的注意。

<35>买不买那件衣服他犹豫不决。

<36>小时候他经常劈柴火。

<37>请意译下面一段文字。

D.hasneverbeento

应用自测解析

1.C强调句中被强调部分为物时要用that引导。

2.Aturnout无被动语态。

3.A“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中的宾语补足语可以用副词、形容词、不定式、分词等。本句中的open为形容词，stolen为过去分词。

4.D“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中的过去分词作宾语补足语，使自己被人听到。

5.A状语从句中省略了youare,catchsb.doingsth.结构中用现在分词作宾语补足语。

6.Cmy后应为名词，按照句意应选C项。

7.Bdoubt用于否定句时后边的句子用that引导，用于肯定句时后边的句子用whether或if引导。

8.Anomatter可以引导让步状语从句。

9.D本句为强调句，强调原因状语。

10.Bpayattentionto为固定搭配。

11.Bremindsb.that-clause。

12.Aturn作系动词时后跟形容词，不用被动语态。Change不能作系动词。

13.C强调原因用that引导。

14.B现在分词作状语插在了句子中间。

15.A注意matter作动词时意为“有关系，重要”。

16.dishonest

l7.unfortunate

18.disagree

19.Unlock

20.disobey

21.overcoat

22.overcome

23.underground

24.underdeveloped

25.impatient

26.Let’ssetouttodothework.

27.Itwillnotbelongbeforehecomesback.

28.Thisphotoremindsmeofmychildhood.

29.Histheoryturnedouttobetrue.

30.Hehasbeeninprisonfor5years.

31.Withthedevelopmentoftheeconomy,ourlifeisbecomingbetterandbetter.

32.Ihaveactuallymademydreamcometrue.

33.Shedressedherdaughterinaredskirt.

34.Hersongattractedourattention.

35.Hehesitatedtobuythatdress.

36.Inhischildhoodheoftencutupfirewood.

37.Paraphrasethefollowingpassageplease.

unit13

基础巩固

§3.1汉英翻译

1.翻转，倒过来________

答案：turn…upsidedown

2.提出，想出________

答案：comeupwith

3.记录，记下________

答案：makenotesof

4.召来，请来________

答案：callin

5.范围从……一直到……________

答案：rangefrom…allthewayto…

6.也就是说________

答案：thatis

7.毁坏，出毛病，受挫________

答案：breakdown

8.对……有效，对……有用________

答案：becomeavailableto…

9.利用________

答案：takeadvantageof

10.起作用，生效________

答案：dothework

11.对……反应敏感________

答案：besensitiveto…

12.各种各样的________

答案：avarietyof

13.对……有贡献，有助于________

答案：contributeto…

§3.2单项填空

1.Nuclearscienceshouldbedevelopedto______thepeopleratherthanharmthem.

A.benefitB.contributeC.protectD.affect

解析：benefitsb.“对某人有益”。

答案：A

2.Formorethan20years,we’vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat______fromkindergartenstocolleges.

A.spreadB.moveC.shiftD.range

解析：rangefrom…to…“范围从……到……”。

答案：D

3.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.

A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof

解析：“大量的照片”要用manypictures,massesofpictures或anumberofpictures来表达；alargeamountof只能修饰不可数名词。

答案：B

4.WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundmyfathersittinginhischair,completely______amagazine.

A.absorbinginB.absorbedin

C.absorbingtoD.absorbedto

解析：此处absorbedin作伴随状语，意为“专心于”。

答案：B

5.Theteacheraskedadifficultquestion,butTed,finally,managedto______agoodanswer.

A.putupwithB.keepupwith

C.comeupwithD.gothroughwith

解析：comeupwith“提出，提供”。

答案：C

6.Weregrettoinformyouthattherearenotickets______forFriday’sperformance.

A.availableB.spareC.convenientD.affordable

解析：“星期五演出的票没有了”，available“可提供的，可得到的”，常可作后置定语。

答案：A

7.Someplantsarevery______tolight;theyprefertheshade.

A.sensibleB.sensitiveC.suitableD.acceptable

解析：besensitiveto“对……反应敏感”。

答案：B

8.Ihavetokeepyouwaiting,becausetherearethreedays______togountilmyvacation.

A.alreadyB.justC.yetD.ever

解析：yet用于肯定句时，可作“仍然，还有”解。

答案：C

9.—Wherewasit______theroadaccidenthappenedyesterday?

—Infrontofthemarket.

A.whenB.thatC.whichD.how

解析：此处用了itwas…that…强调句型。

答案：B

10.Waterisactuallyquitesimple,buttheway______thewatermoleculeisformedgiveswateritsuniqueproperties.

A.howB.whereC.thatD.when

解析：way后面是一个定语从句，引导词通常用inwhich或that。

答案：C

11.Monacoismainly______twocities,Monaco,wherethepalaceforthePrincestands,andMonteCarlo,whichisawonderfulplaceforvisitors.

A.madeupofB.madeoutof

C.madefromD.madeinto

解析：bemadeupof“由……组成”。

答案：A

12.Theseanimalsareallusedtotheirenvironment;______,theyhavelearnedhowtolivesuccessfullyintheirhabitat.

A.forexampleB.what’smoreC.thatisD.orrather

解析：forexample“例如”；What’smore“此外，而且”；thatis“也就是说”；orrather“更确切地说”。

答案：C

13.—HowdidJamesescapefromtheprison?

—Oh,youknow,healwaysmanaged______outofatightsituation.

A.togetB.gettingC.tohavegotD.ingetting

解析：managetodosth.“设法做了某事，成功地做了某事”。

答案：A

14.Thisisyourlastchance.Youmayaswell______fulladvantageofit.

A.makeB.getC.takeD.have

解析：takeadvantageof“利用，使用”。

答案：C

15.Thenutrientsin______fallsintotheoceanwillquicklybecomeavailabletootherlivingcreatures.

A.whicheverB.thatC.whateverD.wherever

解析：whatever引出名词性从句作介词in的宾语。

答案：C

§3.3介词、副词填空

1.Thelongestcoralbed______theworldisonewhichlies______thenortheastcoast______Australia.

答案：in;off;of

2.Theworkersandpeasantsmake______themajority______thepopulat

ion______ourcountry.

答案：up;of;of

3.—Howdidthebosspayyou?

—______arule,wewerepaid______thehour.

答案：As;by

4.Havingbeentranslated______manylanguages,hisbooksoonbecamewell

known______theworld.

答案：into;in

5.—Isthehouse______theend______thestreetstill______sale?

—No,ithasbeensold.

答案：at;of;on

6.______holdingyourbreath,youcanstayunderwater______aboutone

minute.

答案：By;for

7.Theprofessortalked______twohours______stopping______atime.

答案：for;before;at

8.Most______theChinesepeoplefeed______rice.

答案：of;on

9.TheYellowRiverwindsitsway______west______eastandat

lastitflows______thesea.

答案：from;to;into

10.Thesquidlives______thedark______agreatdepth______thebottomoftheocean.

答案：in;at;at

§3.5单句改错

下列句子均有一处错误（或多一词；或缺一词；或错一词），请找出并加以改正。

1.Waterisactuallyquitesimple,butthewayhowthewatermoleculeisformedgiveswateritsuniqueproperties.

答案：去掉how或how→that/inwhich

2.Waterisaliquidatroomtemperatureandhasarelativelyhighfrozenpoint.

答案：frozen→freezing

3.Thenutrientsinwhateverfallingintotheoceanwillquicklybecomeavailabletootherlivingcreatures.

答案：falling→falls

4.Thedensityofpurewateris1000kg/m3,meaningthatonecubicmetreofwaterweighsforonethousandkilogram.

答案：去掉for

5.Heatcapacityistheamountofenergythattakestoraisethetemperatureofasubstanceonedegreecentigrade.

答案：that→it或that后加it

6.Thewaterintheoceanalsokeepsthetemperatureoftheearthsteadilybyabsorbingandreleasingheat.

答案：steadily→steady

7.Thecreaturesontheoceanfloormanagetosurvivewithoutsunlightandgettingenergyfromothersources.

答案：getting→get

8.Thismixingoffreshandsaltwatercreatesauniqueenvironmentisfilledwithlifeofallkinds.

答案：去掉is

9.Here,animalscanenjoyallthebenefitsoftheoceanswithouthavingtofacemuchofitsdangers.

答案：much→many

10.Sinceestuariesprotectanimalsandplantsandpreventerosion,protectthemisveryimportant.

答案：第二个protect→protecting

知识应用自测

ZHISHIYINGYONGZHICHE

Ⅰ.单项选择

<1>Theroadwasmuddyandnarrow.Thefog________ourtroubleanddanger.

A.cameupwithB.addedupto

C.addedtoD.addedin

<2>It________thatImetheronmywayhome.

A.tookplaceB.occurred

C.happenedD.brokeout

<3>—Haveyou________anyinformation?

—No,Iamgoingto________thebusinessdepartment.

A.pickedup;callatB.pickedout;callon

C.got;callonD.received;dropin

<4>Eatingtoomuchfatcan________heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

A.resultfromB.contributeto

C.attendtoD.devote

<5>Japan’sunemploymentratestood________atanear-record5.4percentinApril.

A.changedB.changing

C.unchangedD.unchanging

<6>________inhispapers,hedidn’tnoticemycoming.

A.HavingabsorbedB.Absorbed

C.AbsorbingD.Beingabsorbing

<7>Beingabletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreat________whenyouarelookingforajob.

A.advantageB.chance

C.assistantD.importance

<8>Anyapplicantform________properlywillnotbeacceptedbythecompany.

A.nottobefilled

B.notfilled

C.notbeingfilled

D.nothavingbeenfilled

<9>Alltheguests________by9o’clock,butthehost________until15minuteslater.

A.arrived;didn’tturnup

B.hadarrived;didn’tturnup

C.arrived;hadn’tturnedup

D.hadarrived;hadn’tturnedup

<10>Theplaceisanidealsiteforauniversity________itisfarfromthedowntownarea.

A.providedthatB.sothat

C.inthatD.sincethat

<11>—Itiswrongforastudenttofollow________histeachersays.

—It’strue.Ican’tagree________.

A.whatever;more

B.nomatterwhat;more

C.nomatterwhat;much

D.whatever;much

<12>TheweddingpartyistobeheldonMay18,________is,tendays________today.

A.which;fromB.that;except

C.that;fromD.as;since

<13>Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook________picturesofthem.

A.manyofB.massesof

C.thenumberofD.alargeamountof

<14>—IthinkyoushouldphoneJennyandsaysorrytoher.

—________.Itwasherfault.

A.NowayB.Notpossible

C.NochanceD.Notatall

<15>Theenginesoftheshipwereoutoforderandthebadweather________thehelplessnessofthecrewatsea.

A.addedtoB.resultedfrom

C.turnedoutD.madeup

Ⅱ.用适当的情态动词填空

<16>—Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?

—Yes,I________.

<17>How________youbesorude?

<18>Asasolider,you________doastheheadtellsyou.

<19>Why________youkeepontroublingmewithsuchquestionswhileIambusy?

<20>________youlikesomethingtodrinknow?

<21>Youdon’tlookwell,soyou________haveafever.

<22>I________takethejob.Noonecanstopme.

<23>Whenevertheteacherwasnotthere,thechildren________makealotofnoise.

<24>Italkedforalongtime,andintheendI________makehimbelieveme.

<25>Heneedn’tcometoattendthemeeting,________he?

Ⅲ.汉译英

<26>把蛋糕翻过来抹上奶油。

<27>他想出了增加销售的新主意。

<28>看你能不能把我从这张照片上认出来。

<29>回家的路上，她没有对我说过一句话。

<30>他一周之后，也就是五月一日回来。

应用自测解析

1.C本题考查短语动词的辨析。短语comeupwith有两个意思“与……并行；赶上”，相当于keepupwith,另外还有“发现解决问题的办法或答案”的意思。addupto是“总计”的意思；addin是“包括，算在内”之意，故选C。

2.C本题考查句型结构中的动词用法。Ithappenedthat…碰巧

3.A本题考查短语动词的辨析。短语callat的宾语应该是表示地点的词语，这符合后面的宾语要求，而短语dropin在表示这一意思时，后面还要用介词at。短语pickup相当于receive“收到”的意思。

4.B本题考查短语动词的用法。根据句子的意思分析，此处应使用表示“导致”意思的短语，动词短语contributeto的意思是“有助于，促成”，符合此要求。

5.C本题考查非谓语动词的用法。此处用过去分词作表语，表示“保持未改变”的意思。

6.B本题考查非谓语动词的用法。短语beabsorbedin的意思是“专心于”。

7.A本题考查名词辨析。根据句子的意思分析，此处用advantage表示“有利条件”的意思。

8.B本题考查非谓语动词的用法。分析句子意思和句子的结构，此处应该是用非谓语动词作定语，而该动作应该先于willnotbeaccepted发生，所以使用过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。

9.B本题考查动词的时态。从语境来看，此句话整体上说的是过去的事情，而客人九点之前到应该发生在主人到达之前。

10.C本题考查连词的用法。连词inthat表示“在……这一点上，因为”的意思。

11.A本题考查宾语从句以及副词的用法。whatever可以用来引导让步状语从句和名词性从句，而nomatterwhat只能用来引导状语从句，所以此处用whatever引导宾语从句。can’tagreemore为can’tagreemorethanthat的省略形式，意思为完全同意。

12.C本题考查介词辨析及固定结构。thatistosay的意思为“那就是说”。

13.B考点是可数名词和不可数名词前表示不定量意义的限定词。massesof是非正式的表达方式，可接可数名词复数和不可数名词。

14.A句中的noway是俚语，意思是“不可能”。根据答语中后半句的意思，应答者显然不愿意道歉，因而才有前面的“断然否定”。

15.A表示恶劣的天气加剧了船上人员的无助。

16.will情态动词过去式表示委婉用法，答语用一般现在时。

17.can用于疑问句中表示惊异、怀疑等心情。

18.shall用于第二、三人称表示命令、意志和决心。

19.must在本句中表示“偏偏”，常用于以you作主语的疑问句中。

20.Wouldwould…like…?交际用语。

21.might表示肯定猜测，有可能。

22.will用第一人称表示决心。

23.would有时表示对过去事情的自然推测。

24.wasableto表示具有某种能力，并且经过一番努力使能力得到发挥，用beableto。

25.need回答need问句，肯定用must，否定用needn’t；反意疑问句用need。

26.Turnthecakeupsidedownandcoveritwithcream.

27.Hecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.

28.Seeifyoucanpickmeoutinthisphoto.

29.Shedidn’tspeakawordtomeallthewaybackhome.

30.Hewillbebackinaweek,thatis,May1.

Unit14

基础巩固

§3.1汉英翻译

1.把某人关进监狱________