第二版教材英语课后答案

Unit1TheRootsofChemistryI.Comprehension.1.C2.B3.D4.C5.BII.Makeasentenceoutofeachitembyrearrangingthewordsinbrackets.1.Thepurificationofanorganiccompoundisusuallyamatterofconsiderabledifficulty,anditisnecessarytoemployvariousmethodsforthispurpose.2.Scienceisanever-increasingbodyofaccumulatedandsystematizedknowledgeandisalsoanactivitybywhichknowledgeisgenerated.3.Life,afterall,isonlychemistry,infact,asmallexampleofchemistryobservedonasinglemundaneplanet.4.Peoplearemadeofmolecules;someofthemoleculesinpeoplearerathersimplewhereasothersarehighlycomplex.5.Chemistryiseverpresentinourlivesfrombirthtodeathbecausewithoutchemistrythereisneitherlifenordeath.6.Mathematicsappearstobealmostashumankindandalsopermeatesallaspectsofhumanlife,althoughmanyofusarenotfullyawareofthis.III.Translation.1.(a)chemicalprocess(b)naturalscience(c)thetechniqueofdistillation2.Itistheatomsthatmakeupiron,water,oxygenandthelike/andsoon/andsoforth/andotherwise.3.Chemistryhasaverylonghistory,infact,humanactivityinchemistrygoesbacktoprerecordedtimes/predatingrecordedtimes.4.Accordingto/Fromtheevaporationofwater,peopleknow/realizedthatliquidscanturn/be/changeintogasesundercertainconditions/circumstance/environment.5.Youmustknowthepropertiesofthematerialbeforeyouuseit.Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三III）化学进化（分子和生物分子的IIISolution:（1TherelativemassofHand12Catomscanbecalculatedfromtheirabsolutemassesingrams.H1CIfthemassofaCatomisexactly12amu,thenthemassofaHatomtofive121significantfiguresmustbe1.0078amu.12amux0.083986=1.0078amu（2）Firstwecalculatekandthenusethefirst-orderrateequation.k1.2110/4A0A1.21/4tlogt6.131.21/4Thebonewastossedaway(moreprecisely,theanimalwhosebonewasdied)about6100yearsago,orabout4100B.C.Wecanthusbesurethatavillagewasinexistenceatthatplaceatthattime.7I.Comprehension1.A2.B3.C4.C5.BII.Givethesystematicnameforthefollowingammoniumion;copper(II)ion;strontiumion;zincion;aluminum;Ccopper(I)ion;hydrogenion;silverion;iron(II)ion;lead((II)ion;magnesiumion;chromium(III)ion;Barium;calciumion;Manganese(II)ion;iron(III)ion;mercury(II)ion;chromium(II)ion;tin(II)ion.carbonmonoxide;ditrogentrioxide;carbondioxide;sulfurtrioxide;diphosphoruspentoxide;dichlorineheptoxidearsenateion;arseniteion;phosphateion;phosphateion;carbonateion;chromateion;sulfiteion;hydrideion;bromideion;chlorateion;chlorideion;chloriteion;cyanideion;hydroxideion;hypochloriteion;iodateion;nitrateion;iodideion;dichromateion;oxideion;sulfideion;sulfateion;fluorideion;hydrogencarbonateion;nitriteion;hydrogensulfateion;perchlorateion;nitrateion;hydrogensulfiteion;permanganateion.III.Completethetable.23242273HO)2323Acidnamesmaybeobtaineddirectlyfromitsacidionbychangingthenameoftheacidion(negativeion).Usetheruletogivethenameofthefollowingacid.FormulaofacidOldname2HBrHSiO44HAsOarsenicacid34Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofthewordgivenattheendofthesentence.1.isaltered;2.Toillustrate3.indicates4.shouldexpect5.wouldcancel6.arepulled7.dependon8.are;referred9.formed10.havediscussedVI.Translation1.Mattercanneitherbecreatednorbedestroyed/eliminated.2.Itisnecessarythatascientistmustknowhowtousefingurestogetanaccutateanswertoquestion.3.Anysubstanceismadeofatomswhetheritissolid,liquidorgas.4.Theexperimentwassuccessful.Itsresultswasthesameaswhatwehadexpected.5.Itwillnotbelongbeforewefinishtheexperiment.VII.Writeequationsforthefollowingacid-basereactions.Usetheinformationininorganictextbooktopredictwhethertheequilibriumwillfavorthereactantsortheproducts.(PartiallySolved)Solutinto(a):CyanideistheconjugatebaseofHCN.Itcanacceptaprotonfromformicacid:OO++CNHCOformateHCNHCOHformicacidstrongeracidcyanidestrongerbaseweakeracidweakerbaseReadingfrominorganictextbook,formicacid(pK=3.76)isastrongeracidthanaHCN(pK=9.22),andcyanideisastrongerbasethanformate.Theproductsa(weakeracidandbase)arefavored.…………..VIII.Writeequationsforthenetreactionswhichoccurwhenthefollowingmaterialsareaddedtoasodium-ammoniasolution.Answer:(1)2CHGeH+2e→H+2CHGeH--33am232(2)I+2e→2I--2am(3)(CH)S+2e+NH→CHS-+CH+NH--252am325262I.Comprehension1.C2.D3.B4.A5.B6.BII.NamethefollowingcompoundsbytheIUPACsystemCH(CH)nCH(n=2,3,4,6,respectively)butane,pentane,hexane,octane12323(CH)-CH-CH-CH-CH2-methylpentane22234-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane34223(CH)CH-CHCH-CH(CHCHCH)-CH(5-isopropyl-2-methyloctane2222353222262CH=C(CH)(CH(CH))72CH-CH-CH=CH-CHCl-CH8323CH-CH(CH)-CH(CH)-C≡C-CH4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexyne1-buten-3-yne9333CH=CH-C≡CH2(CH)CH-CHCH(OH)CH4-methyl-2-pentanol3-hexen-2-ol3223CHCHCH=CHCH(OH)CH323(CH)C-OH2-methyl-2-propanol2-ethoxy-2-methylpropane1-ethoxy-2-methylpropane1,2-ethanediol33(CH)C-OCHH25(CH)CH-CH-O-CH2252CH-CH(OH)-CH(OH)1,2-proanediol32CH(OH)-CH(OH)-CH(OH)22aminoethaneN-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentane322CHCHCHCH(CH)CH-NH-CH32233III.Drawstructuresforthefollowingcompounds.3cyclohexene2-pentyne3,3-dimethylhexyne63-bromotolueneBrpara-dichlorobenzene10m-chlorobromobenzeneBrClchlorobenzene1,2-dibromobenzeneBrphenanthreneOHMethoxyethenetrans-2-ethoxycyclohexanolOCH25Decidewhichitembestcompleteseachunfinishedsentence.1.A2.A3.B4.CEachofthefollowingnamesisincorrect.Drawthestructurerepresentedbytheincorrectname(oraconsistentstructureifthenameisambiguous),andgiveyourdrawingthecorrectname.…………)I.Comprehension1.B2.B3.C4.D5.A6.CII.Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.1.broughtout2.dozenorso;puttogether3.aremadeof;dividedby4.aredifferentfrom5.onthecontrary;consistof6.summedup7.standfor8.suchas9.are;dependenton10.breakdownintoIII.Putinproperprepositionsoradverbsintotheblanks.1.with;oTranslation1.Similarly,solventalsomaynotbeliquidmatterbuttheothers2.Agraphplottingsolubilityagainsttemperatureiscalledasolubilitycurve.(Thecurveplotdrawn(made/produced)bysolubilityasonecoordinateandtemperatureasanothercoordinateiscalledsolubilitycurve.)3.Airismixtureofgases,themostabundantofwhichisnitrogenintheformofN(molecules).24.Thedirectionofthereactionandthepositionoftheequilibriummayalsobeaffectedbythetemperature,pressure,andotherconditions.5.Hydrogenhasagreataffinityforoxygenandeasilycombineswithittoformwater.Translation玻意尔（Bohr）模型提出不久后，人们就发现原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。实验证实电子既有粒子的性质（质量）也有光的特性（波的粒子，而且如Bohr所说的，如果电子高速运动，我们就不能确切地知道它的位臵。Unit13UltravioletandVisibleMolecularSpectroscopyI.Comprehension1.C2.D3.D4.D5.BII.Fillintheblanksof;as;in;out;In;for;for;of;in;then;to;for;since(for);into.III.Filltheblankineachsentencewithanappropriatephraseinitsproperform.1.accountfor2.takepartin3.thinkof….as4.Ascomparedwith5.isattachedto6.onthecontrary7.Asinthecaseof8.incontrastwithasagainst9.owingto10.Exceptfor.Unit17CrystallisationI.Comprehension1.D2.A3.A4.D5.AII.Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordgivenbelow.Stage;interna;symmetrical;basis;physical;Furthermore;composed;responsible;reasonable;overall.III.Choosetheitemfrom(1)~(6)thatbestmatchestheitemin(a)~(f)tomakeacorrectsentence.1~a;2~b;3~c;4~d;5~e;6~fVI.TranslatethefollowingintoChineseUint18DistillationI.Comprehension1.B2.D3.A4.AII.Fillintheblankswiththephrasesgivenbelow.1.Iheend5.inanumberof6.leadto7.amessyway:flashdistillationexitstreamquilibriumcurveweir;;redistillationintersectionapparatusoverheadproductenthalpy;焓;;auxiliaryrectifyingsectionreflux;;;rebollerstrippingsectionbottomproduct;Unit21catalysisI.Comprehension1.A2.D3.D4.B5.CIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish(1)Wedefineactivityassize(measure)ofcatalysisofcatalyst(2)catalyticreactionmaybecarriedoutindifferentphases,ofwhichmechanismsaregenerallyconsistent(