2022年高考冲刺英语模拟冲刺冲刺（江苏卷）

2018年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）三、单项填空：请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。11.（2018•江苏）Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_______wearrived.A.

where

B.

when

C.

why

D.

how答案：D知识点：表语从句难度：较易解析：句意：乘船是到这儿的唯一方式，那就是我们怎么到达的。where哪里；when何时；why为什么；how怎样。这是一个表语从句，byboat表示方式，所以用how，故答案为D。

12.（2018•江苏）Kidsshouldn'thaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_______thethingstheysee.A.

indicate

B.

investigate

C.

imitate

D.

innovate答案：C知识点：动词难度：较易解析：句意：儿童不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所看到的。indicate暗示；表明；investigate调查；

imitate

模仿；innovate创新。故答案为C。

13.（2018•江苏）Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A.

that

B.

where

C.

which

D.

when答案：B知识点：定语从句难度：较易解析：句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它地区在同一起跑线上的领域。这是一个定语从句，先行词area指地点，而且从句主系表结构完整，只缺少状语，所以用where引导，故答案为B。

14.（2018•江苏）It'sstrangethathe_______havetakenthebookswithouttheowner'spermission.A.

would

B.

should

C.

could

D.

might答案：B知识点：虚拟语气难度：较易解析：句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有经得主人的允许就把那些书拿走了。此处是主语从句中使用虚拟语气，shouldhave+过去分词表示意外的语气，意为“竟然”，故答案为B。

15.（2018•江苏）DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_______aclearroadmapandtimetable.A.

callsfor

B.

callson

C.

callsoff

D.

callsup答案：A知识点：短语与固定搭配难度：较易解析：句意：发展长江经济带是一个系统的工程，需要一个清楚的路线图和时间表。callfor需要；要求；callon号召；calloff取消；callup打电话；征召。理解句意，故答案为A。

16.（2018•江苏）Around13,500newjobswerecreatedduringtheperiod,_______theexpectednumberof12,000heldbymarketanalysts.A.

havingexceeded

B.

toexceed

C.

exceeded

D.

exceeding答案：D知识点：动词难度：较易解析：句意：在这期间，大约有13500份新工作被创造出来，超出了市场分析员预期的12000份。exceed超过，后有宾语theexpectednumber，所以逻辑主语Around13,500newjobs与与exceed构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词作结果状语，而不定式作状语通常表示意外的结果所以B错误；having+过去分词表示发生在谓语动词的动作之前，不符合此处的语境，所以排除A。故答案为D。

17.（2018•江苏）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.

had

B.

willhave

C.

wouldhavehad

D.

havehad答案：A知识点：虚拟语气难度：较易解析：句意：这个村子里有很好的社交生活，我希望再有机会更好地融入到这里。wish后跟宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其规则是：与现在事实相反，用一般过去时，be动词用were；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，用would/could+动词原形。根据前半句的is可知表示与现在事实相反，所以用过去式，故答案为A。

18.（2018•江苏）—Youknowwhat?I'vegotaNewYearconcertticket.—Oh,_______You'rekidding.what?

ahead.

on.

for?答案：C知识点：情景交际难度：较易解析：句意：你知道吗，我弄到了新年音乐会的门票。哦，得了吧，你在开玩笑。sowhat那又怎么样；gohead做吧；comeon得了吧；加油；whatfor为什么。根据You'rekidding可知此处表示不相信的语气，故答案为C。

19.（2018•江苏）_______youcansleepwell,youwilllosetheabilitytofocus,planandstaymotivatedafteroneortwonights.A.

Once

B.

Unless

C.

If

D.

When答案：B知识点：状语从句难度：较易解析：句意：如果你睡眠不好，一两晚之后你将失去集中注意力、做出计划以及保持活力的能力。once一旦；unless如果不；除非；if如果；when当……时。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系，所以答案为B。

20.（2018•江苏）Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan_______inthepasttwoyears.A.

hadbeencarriedout

B.

wouldbecarriedout

C.

isbeingcarriedout

D.

hasbeencarriedout答案：A知识点：过去完成时及其被动语态难度：较易解析：句意：上个月我被派到该村庄来查看过去两年来这个开发计划的被执行的怎么样。inthepasttwoyears是完成时的标志，根据前半句中的wassent和时间状语lastmonth可知本句属于过去的时态，所以用过去完成时，plan与carryout（执行；开展）存在着被动关系，所以用被动语态，即此处应该使用过去完成时的被动语态，故答案为A。

21.（2018•江苏）Hopefullyin2025wewillnolongerbee-mailingeachother,forwe_______moreconvenientelectroniccommunicationtoolsbythen.A.

havedeveloped

B.

haddeveloped

C.

willhavedeveloped

D.

developed答案：C知识点：其他语态与时态难度：较易解析：句意：有望在2025年我们不再相互发电子邮件，因为到那时我们将已经开发出更加便捷的电子通讯工具。by+时间，到……时候为止，是完成时态的标志，此处then指2025年，是将来的时间，所以此处用将来完成时，故答案为C。

22.（2018•江苏）Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingonthe_______you'vemade.A.

assignment

B.

association

C.

acquisition

D.

assumption答案：D知识点：名词难度：较易解析：句意：尽力弄清楚实际正在发什么而不是按照你所假设的去行事。assignment任务；委派；associate联合；协会；acquisition获得；assumption假设。根据句意可知答案为D。

23.（2018•江苏）China'ssoftpowergrows_______theincreasingappreciationandunderstandingofChinaglobally.A.

inlinewith

B.

inreplyto

C.

inreturnfor

D.

inhonourof答案：A知识点：短语与固定搭配难度：较易解析：句意：中国软实力的增长符合全球对中国与日俱增的赏识和理解。inlinewith符合；与……一致；inreplyto对……答复；inreturnfor作为对……回报；inhonourof为了纪念……。根据句意，故答案为A。

24.（2018•江苏）Despitethepoorserviceofthehotel,themanageris_______toinvestinsufficienttrainingforhisstaff.

A.

keen

B.

reluctant

C.

anxious

D.

ready答案：B知识点：形容词难度：较易解析：句意：尽管该旅馆服务很差，经理还是不情愿在全员充分培训方面投资。bekeenon热衷于；reluctant不情愿的；勉强的；anxious焦急的；渴望的；ready准备好的。despite（尽管）表示让步，前后是转折的关系，根据句意，故答案为B。

25.（2018•江苏）—Whathappened?Yourbossseemsto_______.—Didn'tyouknowhissecretaryleakedthesecretreporttothepress?overthemoon

hisheadoff

allears

offthehandle答案：D知识点：短语与固定搭配难度：中等解析：句意：发生什么了？你老板好像火冒三丈。难道你不知道他的秘书把秘密报告透露给报界了吗？beoverthemoon欣喜若狂；laughhisheadoff笑得前仰后合；beallears洗耳恭听；flyoffthehandle火冒三丈。根据答语可知老板很生气，故答案为D。

四、完形填空26.（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen1

topaylawyers'fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed（诊断）witha2

disease.Therewasno3,onlypainrelief.

Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea4

journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'（徒步旅行者）guide.

Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand5

recovery.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe6

lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe7hamburgershoptreat.

Wildcampingis8

inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught,theWinnshadtogettheirtentup9andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot10

thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor11

alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitial12,foundhissymptomswerestrangely13

bytheirdailytiringjourney.

14,thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad15

forever."Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes16

toathread,butwewerealive."

Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,"17

hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)18

writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea19,eithertoleavethatpage20

ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope."1.A.drawnupB.usedupC.backedupD.keptup2.A.mildB.commonC.preventableD.serious3.A.cureB.luckC.careD.promise4.A.businessB.walkingC.busD.rail5.A.expectedB.frighteningC.disappointingD.surprising6.A.budgetB.revenueC.compensationD.allowance7.A.frequentB.occasionalC.abundantD.constant8.A.unpopularB.lawfulC.attractiveD.illegal9.A.soonB.earlyC.lateD.slowly10.A.harderB.easierC.cheaperD.funnier11.A.rolledB.bledC.achedD.trembled12.A.struggleB.progressC.excitementD.research13.A.developedB.controlledC.reducedD.increased14.A.InitiallyB.EventuallyC.TemporarilyD.Consequently15.A.gainedB.keptC.woundedD.lost16.A.sewnB.washedC.wornD.ironed17.A.DoctorsB.HikingC.LawyersD.Homelessness18.A.wellB.partlyC.neatlyD.originally19.A.choiceB.rewardC.promiseD.break20.A.looseB.fullC.blankD.missing答案：（1）B；（2）D；（3）A；（4）B；（5）D；（6）A；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）A；（11）C；（12）A；（13）C；（14）B；（15）D；（16）C；（17）D；（18）B；（19）A；（20）C；知识点：选词填空难度：中等解析：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了Raynor夫妇因为投资错误而无家可归，同时丈夫Moth又身患疾病，于是夫妇二人决定徒步旅行。在徒步的旅行中丈夫的病情得到了很大改善，同时妻子也成为了naturalwriter，二人在经历的困难中找到了生活的方向。

(1)句意：Raynor和丈夫Moth因为错误的投资变得无家可归。他们的积蓄也花光了来支付律师费。A、drawnup起草；B、usedup用完；C、backedup支援；D、keptup保持；继续。根据句意可知用完了积蓄，故答案为B。

(2)

句意：Moth被诊断患有一种严重的疾病。A、mild温和的；B、common常见的；普遍的；C、preventable可预防的；D、serious严重的。由下一句可知此病无法治愈，只能缓解疼痛可知是“严重的”，故答案为D。

(3)句意：此病无法治愈，只能缓解疼痛。A、cure治愈；B、luck运气；C、care关心；D、promise承诺；保证。根据后半句onlypainrelief可知无法“治愈”，故答案为A。

(4)句意：找不到别的解决办法，他们决定徒步旅行，因为他们看到一本徒步旅行者指南。A、business商业；B、walking步行；C、bus公交车；D、rail铁路。根据hiker可知是步行，故答案为B。

(5)句意：这是一段漫长的旅行，有着难以习惯的艰难和令人意想不到的恢复。A、expected预期的；B、frightening令人害怕的；C、disappointing令人失望的；D、surprising令人吃惊的。根据下文可知Moth通过徒步旅行很快地恢复了，所以让人感到惊讶，故答案为D。

(6)

句意：离开家的时候，他们只有银行里的320英镑的存款，他们计划保持较低的预算，靠吃煮面条为生。A、budget预算；B、revenue收益；C、compensation补偿；D、allowance津贴。因为钱少，所以预算紧张，故答案为A。

(7)

句意：主要吃面条，偶尔吃一顿汉堡。A、frequent频繁的；B、occasional偶尔的；C、abundant充裕的；D、constant连续的。句中的treat意思是“款待”，结合前文bylivingonboilednoodles可知“偶尔”汉堡算是款待自己，故答案为B。

(8)句意：野营在英国是非法的。A、unpopular不受欢迎的；B、lawful法定的；C、attractive吸引人的；D、illegal非法的。根据下文Toavoidbeingcaught可知，故答案为D。

(9)句意：为了避免被抓住，Winn夫妇不得不很晚才支起帐篷，大清早就把帐篷收起来。A、soon很快；B、early早的；C、late晚的；D、slowly慢地。后半句earlyinthemorning对应，故答案为C。

(10)句意：Winn夫妇很快发现现在他们50多岁时的远足比记忆中20多岁时远足要困难的多。A、harder更难的；B、easier更容易的；C、cheaper更便宜的；D、funnier更搞笑的。根据常识推理可知，故答案为A。

(11)句意：Raynor浑身疼痛，渴望洗个澡。A、rolled滚动；B、bled流血；C、ached疼痛；D、trembled颤抖。通过逻辑进行排除，长时间走路当然会引起身上疼痛，故答案为C。

(12)句意：同时，Moth经过最初的挣扎之后，发现通过每天疲劳的旅行自己身上的症状莫名地减轻了。A、struggle挣扎；努力；B、progress进步；C、excitement兴奋；D、research研究。根据前文描述50多岁了徒步旅行很难，所以开始时是“挣扎”过来的，故答案为A。

(13)句意：发现通过每天疲劳的旅行自己身上的症状莫名地减轻了。A、developed发展；B、controlled控制；C、reduced减少；D、increased增加。由下文theirbodiesturnedforthebetter可知疾病症状减轻，故答案为C。

(14)句意：最终，这对夫妇发现他们的身体变得好多了。A、Initially最初；B、Eventually最终；C、Temporarily暂时；D、Consequently结果。通过前面描述所经历的困难，此处说明远足的效果，故答案为B。

(15)句意：重新获得了曾经以为永远失去了的肌肉。A、gained获得；B、kept保持；C、wounded受伤；D、lost失去。由句意，故答案为D。

(16)句意：我们的头发干枯、散乱，指甲破裂，衣衫褴褛，但是我们还活着。A、sewn缝纫；B、washed洗；C、worn穿坏；D、ironed熨烫。根据本句前部分的描述可知此处描述衣衫破烂，故答案为C。

(17)

句意：在旅途中，Raynor开始了一个当自然作家的职业。她写道：“无家可归，我们失去了所有物质的东西。A、Doctors医生；B、Hiking远足；C、Lawyers法律；D、Homelessness无家可归。根据前文可在投资失败使他们变得一无所有，故答案为D。

(18)

句意：（无家可归）给我留下了一本还没写完的书，还剩下破损的一页空白。A、well好；B、partly部分地；C、neatly整洁的；D、originally原始地。此处指Raynor在旅途中被翻破的没有写完的书，故答案为B。

(19)

句意：这也给我了一个选择，要么这一页继续空着，要么继续用希望书写这个故事。A、choice选择；B、reward奖励；回报；C、promise承诺；D、break打破。根据后面的either……or结构可知此处表示对今后生活的一种”选择“。故答案为A。

(20)

句意：要么这一页继续空着，要么继续用希望书写这个故事。A、loose松的；B、full满的；C、blank空白的；D、missing不见的；失踪的。由下文的ortokeepwriting可知，故答案为C。

五、阅读理解27.（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ATheMetropolitanMuseumofArt1000FifthAvenueNewYork,NY10028

211-535-7710

Entrances

FifthAvenueat82ndStreet

Hours

Open7daysaweek.

Sunday-Thursday10:00-17:30

FridayandSaturday10:00-21:00

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,

January1,andthefirstMondayinMay.Admission

$recommendedforadults,$recommendedforstudents,includestheMainBuildingandTheCloisters(回廊）onthesameday;freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.

FreewithAdmission

Allspecialexhibitions,aswellasfilms,lectures,guidedtours,concerts,gallerytalks,andfamily/children'sprogramsarefreewithadmission.

Askabouttoday'sactivitiesattheGreatHallInformationDesk.TheCloistersMuseumandGardens

TheCloistersmuseumandgardensisabranchofTheMetropolitanMuseumofArtdevotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges.Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture,coloredglass,andpreciousobjectsfromEuropedatingfromaboutthe9thtothe15thcentury.Hours:Open7daysaweek.

March-October10:00-17:15

November-February10:00-16:45

ClosedThanksgivingDay,December25,andJanuary1.（1）Howmuchmaytheypayifan11-year-oldgirlandherworkingparentsvisitthemuseum?

A.

$12.

B.

$37.

C.

$50.

D.

$62（2）TheattractionoftheCloistersmuseumandgardensliesinthefactthat________.

A.

itopensalltheyearround

B.

itscollectionsdatefromtheMiddleAges

C.

ithasamodernEuropean-stylegarden

D.

itsellsexcellentEuropeanglasscollections答案：（1）C

（2）B知识点：细节理解难度：中等解析：本文介绍了Metropolitan艺术博物馆基本信息、门票价格及突出的特点等情况。

（1）数字计算。由题干中的howmuch可定位在$recommendedforadults,$recommendedforstudents,freeforchildrenunder12withanadult.所以11岁的小孩免费，两个大人应该是50美元，故答案为C。

（2）细节理解。将题干中的Cloistersmuseumandgardens定位在最后一段，根据devotedtotheartandarchitectureofEuropeintheMiddleAges可在收藏的是中世纪欧洲的艺术和建筑，故答案为B。

28.（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。B

Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.

Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:putonsomeMozart(莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.（1）Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere

.

A.

notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.

notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

C.

notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.

notfondofthefoodprovided（2）Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

A.

playingclassicalmusic.

B.

Introducinglemonscent.

C.

Makingthelightbrighter,

D.

Usingplatesoflargersize.（3）Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

A.

Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.

Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.

Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.

D.

Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.答案：（1）A

（2）A

（3）D知识点：细节理解难度：中等解析：介绍影响顾客就餐和消费的多种因素。通过对比，现代餐饮业可以通过餐具与食物的颜色搭配、就餐环境的味道、灯光的明暗以及音乐的种类等方式来增加顾客的消费，从而获取更大的收益。

（1）词义猜测。A.没有意识到比平时吃的多；B。不愿意与人共享；C.对食物的品质没有知觉；D.不喜欢所提供的食物。通过表达符合的功能判断答案。nonethewiser后的破折号是对前文的解释，所以通过理解theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert可知，在较暗的光线环境中就餐，人们就变得不那么聪明了——他们没有了饱腹感，而且还要再吃甜点。故答案为A。

（2）细节理解。根据第四段中Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore可知古典音乐比流行音乐更能吸引人消费，所以A正确；选项B定位在第四段最后一句dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent中，所以柠檬的香味不如熏衣草的香味吸引顾客消费；C项在第三段，与文章描述的恰恰相反；D项提到的盘子涉及的是与食物颜色的搭配。故答案为A。

（3）段落大意。最后一段是”总——分“结构，第一句话是主题句：你认为会阻止消费的事情不一定会阻止消费。下文就badtables、crowding和highprices三个方面举出列子来论证这个观点，推翻了人们对于餐厅的一些误解。故答案为D。

29.（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you'dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquicklytochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems(生态系统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition(NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself.Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamongsmallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn'ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.

Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won'thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone'sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.

Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering(多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwithtwo-thirdsofthenation'sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation'sfood.

Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan'tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmsfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.（1）Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce

.

A.

theprogressmadeincarindustry

B.

aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.

atrendofdevelopmentinagriculture

D.

theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry（2）Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?

A.

Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.

B.

Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.

C.

Competitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierce

D.

Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.（3）Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfarmers?

A.

Togainmorefinancialaid.

B.

Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.

C.

Tohavefarmsoftheirown.

D.

Towinoldfarmers'support.（4）Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?

A.

SeeksupportbeyondNYFC

B.

Expandfarmlandconservation.

C.

BecomemembersofNYFC

D.

Investmoretoimprovetechnology.答案：（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A知识点：推理判断难度：中等解析：这是一篇关于美国农业发展的议论文。介绍了美国的小农场主所持有的优势，同时也分析了目前美国农业发展所面临的问题，以及提出的相应的解决办法。

（1）推理判断。文章开头提出与汽车寡头竞争几乎不可能，为了引出下文smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers小农场主可以与大对手竞争，作者这样写是为了让读者理解农业的特点，故答案为B。

（2）推理判断。举例是为了证明某种观点，这是写作的基本首发。所以第二段开头就用了forexample，当然是为了证明第一段的观点smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys，即小农场主可以比大农场主领先一步，故答案为D。

（3）细节理解。将题干中的newfarmers定位在第三段第二、三句Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone'sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.可知，一个关键性的因素是安全的获取耕地，来自投资者、开发者和已经成规模的大农场主的竞争使得拥有自己的耕地对许多新的农场主来说是可望而不可及的。所以newfarmers面临的问题就是耕地问题，故答案为C。

（4）细节理解。将题干中sustainableandfairfarmeconomy定位在最后一段，作者提出了三种解决方案：NYFC提供帮助；敦促国会加强土地保护；消费者与新农民组成同一战线。所以要维持可持续的公平的农业经济，农民还要得到NYFC以外的帮助。故答案为A。

30.（2018•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。D

Childrenasyoungastenarebecomingdependentonsocialmediafortheirsenseofself-worth,amajorstudywarned.

Itfoundmanyyoungsters(少年）nowmeasuretheirstatusbyhowmuchpublicapprovaltheygetonline,oftenthrough"like".Somechangetheirbehaviorinreallifetoimprovetheirimageontheweb.

Thereportintoyoungstersagedfrom8to12wascarriedoutbyChildren'sCommissioner(专员）AnneLongfield.Shesaidsocialmediafirmswereexposingchildrentomajoremotionalrisks,withsomeyoungstersstartingsecondaryschoolill-equippedtocopewiththetremendouspressuretheyfacedonline.

Somesocialappswerepopularamongthechildreneventhoughtheysupposedlyrequireuserstobeatleastyoungstersadmittedplanningtripsaroundpotentialphoto-opportunitiesandthenmessagingfriends—andfriendsoffriends—todemand"likes"fortheironlineposts.

Thereportfoundthatyoungstersfelttheirfriendshipscouldbeatriskiftheydidnotrespondtosocialmediapostsquickly,andaroundtheclock.

Childrenaged8to10were"startingtofeelhappy"whenotherslikedtheirposts.However,thoseinthe10to12agegroupwere"concernedwithhowmanypeopleliketheirposts",suggestinga"need"forsocialrecognitionthatgetsstrongertheoldertheybecome.

MissLongfieldwarnedthatagenerationofchildrenriskedgrowingup"worriedabouttheirappearanceandimageasaresultoftheunrealisticlifestylestheyfollowonplatforms,andincreasinglyanxiousaboutswitchingoffduetotheconstantdemandsofsocialmedia.

Shesaid:"Childrenareusingsocialmediawithfamilyandfriendsandtoplaygameswhentheyareinprimaryschool.Butwhatstartsasfunusageofappsturnsintotremendouspressureinrealsocialmediainteractionatsecondaryschool."

Astheirworldexpanded,shesaid,childrencomparedthemselvestoothersonlineinawaythatwas"hugelydamagingintermsoftheirself-identity,intermsoftheirconfidence,butalsointermsoftheirabilitytodevelopthemselves".

MissLongfieldadded:"Thenthereisthispushtoconnect—ifyougooffline,willyoumisssomething,willyoumissout,willyoushowthatyoudon'tcareaboutthosepeopleyouarefollowing,allofthosecometogetherinahugewayatonce."

"Forchildrenitisvery,verydifficulttocopewithemotionally."TheChildren'sCommissionerforEngland'sstudy—lifeinLikes—foundthatchildrenasyoungas8wereusingsocialmediaplatformslargelyforplay.

However,theresearch—involvingeightgroupsof32childrenaged8to12—suggestedthatastheyheadedtowardtheirteens,theybecameincreasinglyanxiousonline.

Bythetimetheystartedsecondaryschool—atage11—childrenwerealreadyfarmoreawareoftheirimageonlineandfeltunderhugepressuretoensuretheirpostswerepopular,thereportfound.

However,theystilldidnotknowhowtocopewithmean-spiritedjokes,orthesenseofincompetencetheymightfeeliftheycomparedthemselvestocelebrities(名人）ormorebrilliantfriendsonline.Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressuretorespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.

TheChildren'sCommissionersaidschoolsandparentsmustnowdomoretopreparechildrenfortheemotionalminefield(雷区）theyfacedonline.Andshesaidsocialmediacompaniesmustalso"takemoreresponsibility".Theyshouldeithermonitortheirwebsitesbettersothatchildrendonotsignuptooearly,ortheyshouldadjusttheirwebsitestotheneedsofyoungerusers.

JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBamardo's,said:"It'svitalthatnewcompulsoryage-appropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelpequipchildrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmedia.

"It'salsohugelyimportantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing."（1）Whydidsomesecondaryschoolstudentsfeeltoomuchpressure?

A.

Theywerenotprovidedwithadequateequipment.

B.

Theywerenotwellpreparedforemotionalrisks.

C.

Theywererequiredtogivequickresponses.

D.

Theywerepreventedfromusingmobilephones.（2）Somesocialappcompaniesweretoblamebecause

.

A.

theydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration

B.

theyorganizedphototripstoattractmoreyoungsters

C.

theyencouragedyoungsterstopostmorephotos

D.

theydidn'tstopyoungstersfromstayinguplate（3）Children'scomparingthemselvestoothersonlinemayleadto

.

A.

lessfriendlinesstoeachother

B.

lowerself-identityandconfidence

C.

anincreaseinonlinecheating

D.

astrongerdesiretostayonline（4）AccordingtoLifeinLikes,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxiousto

.

A.

circulatetheirpostsquickly

B.

knowthequalitiesoftheirposts

C.

usemobilephonesforplay

D.

getmorepublicapproval（5）Whatshouldparentsdotosolvetheproblem?

A.

Communicatemorewithsecondaryschools.

B.

Urgemediacompaniestocreatesaferapps.

C.

Keeptrackofchildren'suseofso