中国法官身份保障制度缺陷探析,法学硕士论文

中国法官身份保障制度缺陷探析,法学硕士论文本篇论文目录导航：【题目】中国法官身份保障制度缺陷探析【绪论】【第一章】【第二章】【第三章】【第四章】【结束语/以下为参考文献】摘要十八届三中全会以来，决定深化司法改革，法官职业保障成为最高院制定改革方案的重要议题，纳入到四五改革纲要中。法官身份保障是法官职业保障制度的中的一环，是法官职业化建设推进的基础，也是中华特点社会法官制度的重要组成部分。完善法官身份保障制度，不仅仅是法律人士的呼声，更是法官们的殷切期盼。法官身份保障制度的建设对于推进审讯独立，提升法官职业荣誉感具有重要的作用。因而，在推进以审讯为中心的诉讼制度改革经过中加快法院队伍精英化进程，就必须以完善法官身份保障为前提。必须做好法官身份保障制度的顶层设计和制度落实。本文分四部分对论题进行阐述：第一部分阐述了法官身份保障制度的基础理论，首先是概念的界定，包括法官身份界定，法官身份保障的界定以及法官身份保障制度的界定。然后是对法官身份保障制度基础理论的阐述，包括法官身份保障的特征；法官身份保障的必要性分析；法官身份保障的可行性分析；与法官身份保障制度相近似的制度辨析。第二部分是对法官身份保障的国外考察，首先，分析与法官身份保障有关的国际规范；其次，从比拟法的角度对法官身份保障制度大概情况进行研究，选取英美法系和大陆法系中比拟有代表性的五个国家英、美、德、法、日五国进行比拟分析。从法官任期制度、法官考核制度、法官惩戒制度等三个方面比拟分析两大法系法官身份保障制度的异同点，试图能够对我们国家法官身份保障制度完善有所借鉴。第三部分主要分析了国内法官身份保障制度现在状况，并发现问题。从立法现在状况和司法实践现在状况两个层面分析。对法官任期制度；法官考核制度；法官惩戒制度等三个方面的缺乏逐一梳理。第四部分提出解决对策，针对第三部分中法官任期制度、法官考核制度、法官惩戒制度中分别存在的问题提出可行的解决建议。本文关键词语法官身份保障任期考核惩戒Abstract：SincetheCommunistPartyofChinathird-eighthplenarymeeting,theCentralCommitteedecidedtopromotethejudicialreformfurther,JudgesjobsecurityhasbecomeanimportanttopicofjudgesoftheSupremePeopledevelopreformprograms,intotheFourthFive-YearReformOutlinecourts.Judgesidentitysecurityispartofthejudgesprofessionalsecuritysystem.Isthebasisfortheconstructionofjudgesprofessionaladvancement,butalsoanimportantpartofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsjudgeSystem.Judgeimproveidentitysecuritysystemisnotonlythevoiceofthelegalprofession,butalsojudgesardentdesire.Buildingsecuritysystemasjudgeforthetrialtopromotetheindependenceofjudgestoenhanceprofessionalpridehasanimportantrole.Therefore,acceleratingtheeliteteamsinthereformprocessofthecourtlitigationsystemcenterduringthetrial,itisnecessarytoimprovetheprotectionoftheidentityofthejudgeasaprecondition.Top-leveldesignandthesystemmustbepreparedtojudgetheidentityofsafeguardsimplementation.Thearticleisdividedintofourpartselaborateonthetopic:Thefirstpartdescribesthetheoreticalbasisofthesafeguardssystemasjudge.Thefirstisthedefinitionoftheconcept;Includingthedefinitionofthestatusofjudgesanddefinedasjudgesidentitysecurity,definedasjudgesecuritysystem.Thenelaboratedthebasictheoryonjudgeidentitysecuritysystem,includingthefeaturesofjudgesidentityprotection;Necessityanalysisofjudgesidentityprotection;Feasibilityanalysisofjudgesidentityprotection;Discriminatewithothersimilarregimes.Thesecondpartistostudyabroadonjudgeidentitysecuritysystem.Firstly,analysissomerelatedinternationalnormsgoverningjudgesidentitysecuritysystem.Second,fromtheperspectiveofcomparativelawstudiesonjudgeidentitysecuritysystemoverview,selectthecommonlawandcivillawinfiverepresentativecountries,Britain,UnitedStates,Germany,FranceandJapantocomparativeanalysis.Formfouraspectsonjudgetenuresystem,judgeevaluationsystem,judgesdisciplinarysystem.Comparativeandanalysisthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwolegalsystemsasjudgeidentitysecuritysystem,hopingtofindSomereferenceforChinawithjudgeidentitysecuritysystem.Thethirdpartanalyzesthedomesticsituation,andidentifyproblemsonjudgeidentitysecuritysystem.Fromtheanalysisofcurrentlegislationandjudicialpracticestatusoftwolevels.Cardingshortcomingsinfourareaswithjudgetenuresystem,judgeevaluationsystem,judgesdisciplinarysystem.Thefourthpartisagainstonthethirdpartaboutjudgetenuresystem,judgeevaluationsystem,judgesdisciplinarysystem,respectivelytoputforwardsomeviableproposition.Keywords：Judgesidentitysecurity;tenure;discipline;evaluation.目录一、研究背景............................................................................................4二、研究意义............................................................................................5三、研究现在状况............................................................................................5四、研究方式方法............................................................................................9〔一〕逻辑思辨法................................................................................9〔二〕文献研究法..............................................................................10第一章法官身份保障的基础理论........................................................11一、法官身份保障制度的概述.........................................................11〔一〕法官身份的界定..............................................................11〔二〕法官身份保障的界定..............................................................11〔三〕法官身份保障制度的界定......................................................12〔四〕法官身份保障的内容..............................................................12二、法官身份保障制度特征..............................................................13〔一〕保障对象的特定性..................................................................13〔二〕职务变动事由法定性..............................................................13〔三〕职务变动程序法定性..............................................................14三、法官身份保障的必要性分析....................................................14〔一〕法官身份保障是法官职业化建设的前提..............................14〔二〕法官身份保障是司法公正的现实需要..................................15〔三〕法官身份保障有助于提高司法权威......................................15四、法官身份保障的可行性分析....................................................16〔一〕观念层面..................................................................................16〔二〕制度层面..................................................................................17〔三〕技术层面..................................................................................18五、法官身份保障制度与相近制度辨析......................................18〔一〕法官身份保障与法官职业保障..............................................18〔二〕法官身份保障与公务员身份保障..........................................19第二章国外法官身份保障的考察........................................................20一、法官身份保障相关的国际规范................................................20〔一〕法官任期相关规范..................................................................20〔二〕法官考核相关规范..................................................................21〔三〕法官惩戒相关规范..................................................................21二、两大法系法官身份保障大概情况....................................................22〔一〕法官任期制度大概情况..................................................................22〔二〕法官考核制度大概情况..................................................................25〔三〕法官惩戒制度大概情况..................................................................27第三章我们国家法官身份保障现在状况及存在的问题................................30一、我们国家法官身份保障制度现在状况....................................................30〔一〕法律规范现在状况..........................................................................30〔二〕制度执行现在状况..........................................................................32〔三〕改革中政策调整情况..............................................................33二、法官身份保障制度存在的问题................................................34〔一〕法官任职期限短......................................................................34〔二〕法官职务不稳定......................................................................35〔三〕法官考核随意化......................................................................37〔四〕法官惩戒行政化......................................................................39第四章我们国家法官身份保障制度的完善建议.....................................42一、法官任期设置科学化................................................................42〔一〕建立区别化的法官任期制......................................................42〔二〕构建中、高院法官延迟退休制..............................................43〔三〕构建基层法院优秀退休法官返聘制......................................45二、法官职务稳定化............................................................................45〔一〕法官免职程序法定化..............................................................45〔二〕法官职务变更自愿..................................................................46二、法官考核科学化............................................................................47〔一〕考核标准客观化......................................................................47〔二〕考核方式规范化.........................