传统文化高分语料 讲义-高考英语应用文专题复习

高考英语应用文预测讲义：传统文化高分语料AncientScienceandTechnology1、FourGreatInventionsCompass指南针·showsgeographicdirections

显示地理方向·usetheearth'smagneticfield

利用地球磁场•

enablesinternationaltradeandexploration·

denoteseightmaindirections

表示八个主要方向·

helpfulfortheexplorationsofZhengHe,ChristopherColumbus（哥伦布),CompassVehicle指南车·equippedwithgearwheelsandawoodenfigure配备齿轮和木制人物•alwayspointssouth•

anearlierandmoreprimitiveformofcompass

一种更早、更原始的指南针形式Gunpowder火药·

inventedbyalchemistsseekingtheelixirofimmortality

由寻求长生不老药的炼金术士发明·

militaryapplicationsbeganintheTangdynasty

军事应用始于唐代·introducedtotheArabworld(阿拉伯)andEuropeintheYuandynasty·broughtaseriesofrevolutionstoweaponmanufacturing给武器制造带来了一系列革命Papermaking造纸术•

inventedbyCaiLunusingcheapmaterialssuchasbark,hemp,rags,and

othermaterials

蔡伦用树皮、麻头、抹布等廉价材料发明的·

introducedtotheworld,contributingthedisseminationofknowledge

介绍给世界，为传播知识做出贡献Printing印刷术·knownas"motherofcivilization"被誉为“文明之母”·

includesblockprintingandmovabletypeprinting（雕版印刷、活字印刷)·

blockprintingistime-consumingandtheblocksbecomeuselessaftertheprinting"movabletypeprintingis

moreconvenientwiththepiecesbeingdurableand

reusable（耐用且可重复使用)2、TraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)中医·

hasalonghistoryandstillpopulartoday•

differentfromWesternmedicineinitsmeansofdiagnosisandtreatment,anditscompositionofdrugsandprescriptions

与西医不同的是诊断和治疗手段,以及药物和处方的组成•

aholisticapproachistakenfordiagnosis,diet,age,habits,emotions,lifestyleandlivingenvironmentsarealltakenintoconsideration采用整体方法进行诊断，饮食，年龄，习惯，情绪，生活方式和生活环境都被考虑在内•

basedonthepremisethatthecauseofsicknessisanimbalanceandblockageoftheflowofqi基于疾病原因是气流动不平衡和阻塞的前提·

emphasizesonpreventingillness•thefourmethodsofdiagnosisincludeobservation,auscultationandolfaction,interrogation,andpalpationandpulsefeeling（望、闻、问、切)Medicalexpertsandtheirdescriptions1)TheauthorofOnDiseases(《伤寒杂病论》)iszhangzhongjing.(张仲景)2)TheauthorofCompendiumofMeteriaMedica《本草纲目》isLishizhen.(李时珍)3)

Theinventorofthefourmethodsofdiagnosis:observation,auscultationandolfaction,interrogation,andpalpation/theearliestknownChinesephysicianisBianQue.(扁鹊）4)

TheinventoroftheFive-AnimalExercises（五禽戏)isHuaTuo.（华佗）3、OtherImpressiveAncientInventionsFireworks烟火"probablyfirstmadebystuffinggunpowderintobamboosticks

（将火药塞入竹棍中)·theexplosionscanscareoffevilspiritsandghosts爆炸可以吓跑恶灵和鬼魂•settingofffireworksonholidaysisstillpopularSilk丝绸·firstdevelopedinancientChina·firstfoundasearlyas3,500BC.originallyreservedfortheemperorsandnobles（皇帝和贵族)·laterspreadtootherpartsoftheworldPorcelain光器·madegenerallyfromclay通常由粘土制成

·heatedatahighdegree

•thefirstglazingcolorisblue第一层釉颜色是蓝色Abacus茅盘

·anearlyformofcalculator

·aframewithrowsofbeadsaroundtherods杆周围有一排串珠子的框架

•usedforfourfundamentaloperationsofarithmetic算术的四种基本运算Seismograph地仪

·inventedbyZhangHeng

·usedtoindicatethedirectionofadistantearthquake

*asimilarinstrumentinventedinEuropeover1,700yearslaterAnaethetic麻醉药

·usedforsurgicaloperations

·exampledby"toxicwine"inventedbyBianQueandmafeisaninventedbyHuaTuoWeiqi围棋

·apopularboar