教学内容与组织安排

教学内容与组织安排CommonMethodsofIntroductionBeginwithabroad,generalstatementofyourtopicandnarrowitdowntoyourthesisstatement.Bookstoreshelvestodayarecrammedwithdozensofdifferentdietbooks.TheAmericanpublicseemswillingtotryanysortofdiet,especiallytheonesthatpromiseinstant,miraculousresults.Andauthorsaremorethanwillingtoinventmewfaddietstocashinonthiscraze.Unfortunately,someofthesefaddietsareineffectiveorevenunsafe.Oneoftheworstisthe“PalmBeachdiet”.Itisimpractical,doesn'tachievetheresultsitclaimsandisasureroutetopoornutrition.Startwithanideaorsituationthatistheoppositeoftheoneyouwilldevelop・WhenIdecidedtoreturntoschoolatagethirty-five,Iwasn'tatallworriedaboutmyabilitytodothework.Afterall,Iwasagrownwomanwhohadraisedafamily,notaconfusedteenagerfreshoutofhighschool.ButwhenIstartedclasses,Irealizedthatthose“confusedteenager”sittingaroundmewereinmuchbettershapeforcollegethanIwas.Theystillhadalltheirclassroomskillsinbright,shinycondition.WhileminehadgrownrustyfromdisuseIhadtotallyforgottenhowtolocateinformationinalibrary,howtowriteareport,andevenhowtospeakupinclassdiscussion.Iamverydisturbedbytheviewofsomepeoplethat,sincemoderntechnologyhascreatedsuchproblemsaspollutionoftheenvironmentanddepletionofournaturalresources,weshouldturnawayfromscience.TheyfeelweshouldAskoneormorequestions・Whatislove?Howdoweknowthatwearereallyinlove?Whenwemeetthatspecialperson,howcanwetellthatourfeelingsaregenuineandnotmerelyinfatuation?And,Iftheyaregenuine,willthesefeelingslast?Loveasweallknow,isdifficulttodefine.Butmostpeopleagreethattrueandlastingloveinvolvesfarmorethanmerephysicalattraction.Itinvolvesmutualrespect,thedesiretogiveratherthantake,andthefeelingofbeingwhollyatease.Whatwouldlifebelikeifwecouldreadeachother'sminds?Wouldcommunicationsbeinstantaneousandperfectlyclear?Thesequestionswillneverbeansweredunlessmentaltelepathybecomesafactoflife.Untilthen,wewillhavetomakedowithless-perfectmeansofcommunication,suchasletters,telephonecalls,andface-to-faceconversations.Eachofthesehasitsdrawbacks.Haveyouevergoneswimminginahotstuffysummerday?Haveyoueverbeentotheseashoretoseethesplendidwaves?Haveyoueverstoodonthepeakofamountainwithcloudaroundyou?Haveyoueverwalkedinthequietsilvermoonlight?Ifyouhavenoexperiencelikethese,yourlifeisaninadequateone.Useaquotation・“Fishandvisitors”，wroteBenjaminFranklin,“begintosmellafterthreedays.”Lastsummer,whenmysisterandherfamilycametospendtheirtwo-weekvacationwithus,IbecameconvincedthatFranklinwasright.Afteronlythreedays,Iwasthoroughlysickofmybrother-in-law'scornyjokes,mysister'sendlesscomplaintsaboutherboss,andtheirchildren'sconstantinvasionsofourprivacy.“Timecannotbeaddedtoperson'slife,butitcanbemademorevaluablebyavoidingwaste.”Thiswasthephilosophyofamanwhodevotedmostofhistimetothecreationofnewplants:LutherBurbank.Burbanktrulyastonishedtheworldwithhisachievementsinthedevelopmentofmanykindsofplants,suchasgiantfruitswithnewflavorsandtreeswhichgrewfasterthantheirancestors.These,andmanymoreachievements,wereofgreateconomicvalueandbenefittopeopleallovertheworld.“Fewthingsarehardertoputupwith,”saidMarkTwain,“thantheannoyanceofagoodexample.”Twainobviouslyknewtheproblemsfacedbysiblingscursedwitholderbrothersorsisterswhoaremodelsofperfection.Allourlives,myoldersisterShelleyandIhavebeencompared.Unfortunately,mylooks,talents,andaccomplishmentsalwaysendeduponthelosingside.Commonmethodsofconclusion:Catalogshoppingathome,then,hasseveraladvantages.Suchshoppingisconvenient,savesyoumoney,andsavesyoutime.Itisnotsurprisingthatgrowingnumbersofdevotedcatalogshoppersarewelcomingthosefull-color

mailbrochuresthatoffereverythingfromturnipseedstotelevisions.(Opening)Industry,businessandindividualsmustcooperatetoreducethequantityofpollutantsbeinflicteduponoursociety.(Ending)Thecostisnotlost.Ifindustrywillcooperate,itcanreducepollutionagreatdeal.Businesscanassistmaterially,individualswhoexerciseasenseofrestraintandresponsibilitycanmakeapositivecontribution.Thenameofthegameiscooperation.Withit,wecansucceed.Withoutit,wewillfail.IncludeathoughtprovokingquestionorshortseriesofquestionsWhythesubjectofyourpaperisimportantWhatmighthappeninthefuture?Whatshouldbedoneaboutthissubject?Whichchoiceshouldbemade?ItwilWhat,then,willhappeninthetwenty-firstcenturywhenmostofthepopulationwillbeoversixtyyearsold?Retirementpoliciescouldchangedramatically,withtheage-sixty-fivetestimonialdinnerandgoldwatchpostponedforfiveortenyears.EventelevisionwouldchangeastheGenitalgenerationreplacesthePepsigeneration.Glamorousgray-hairedmodelswouldselleverythingfromtoiletpapertotelevisions.Newsoapoperasandsituationcomedieswouldrevealthesecretsofthe“sunsetyearsdifferentworldindeedwhentheyoungfinallyfindthemselvesoutnumbered.ItwilWithpollutioncausingsomuchdamagestoourenvironmentorevenhurtingourlives,canwestillremainquietandkeepourdisquiettoourselves?Endwithapredictionorrecommendation•呼吁Ifpeoplestoppedtothinkbeforeacquiringpets,therewouldbefewerinstancesofcrueltytoanimals.Manytimes,itisthepeoplewhoadoptpetswithoutconsideringtheexpenseandresponsibilityinvolvedwhomistreatandneglecttheiranimals.Petsarelivingcreatures.Theydonotdeservetobeacquiredascarelesslyasonewouldacquireastuffedtoy.Stereotypessuchasthehelplesshomemaker,harriedexecutiveanddottygrandparentareinsultingenoughtobeginwith.Placedinmagazineadsortelevisioncommercials,theybecomeevenmoreinsulting.Nowtheseunfortunatecharactersarenotjustbeinglaughedat;theyarebeingturnedintohucksterstosellproductstoanunsuspectingpublic.Consumersshouldboycottcompanieswhoseadvertisingcontinuestousesuchstereotypes.结尾段通常有两种写法2.重申观点2•总结主题句第一种方法是将第一段中说出的观点再说一遍，第二种方法是将各种理由段的主题句再说一遍。建议用第一种方法写。这一段可分为两个部分。第一部分为连接词，如：Inaword、Inshort、Generally、Onthewhole、Inconclusion。第二