英语含有二真题1986年-2009统一卷

2000年入学统一考试英语试PartⅠClosethecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)①Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.②Hemuststorealargetyofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmedia③Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.⑤Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.⑦Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.⑧Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.［139otheraswellinsteadmoreonlymuchlongever［C］［C］［A］ ［B］ ［C］ ［D］PartⅡReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Passage①Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.②WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④(11)AmericaandAmericanswereprosperousbeyondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroyed.①Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justasinevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.③Bythemid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelectronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.⑤By1987therewasonlyoneAmericanevisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:weresweeintothedomesticmarket.America’smachine-toolindustrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.③Theybegantobelievethattheirwayofngbusinesswasfailing,andthattheir eswouldthereforeshortlybegintofallaswell.④Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica’sindustrialdecline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfromoverseas.①Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhileJapanhasbeenstruggling.③（14）FewAmericansattributethissolelytosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollarortheturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤“Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,”accordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executivedeanofHarvard’sKennedySchoolofernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehowourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,”saysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-inWashington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeopleStates.［429TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarII［A］ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthis［B］itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthan［C］thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotential［D］theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitsThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthattheAmerican.［A］TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomestic［B］semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeign［C］machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidal［D］autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticWhatcanbeinferredfromthe［A］Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblind［B］Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomic［C］Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternational［D］AlonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherTheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeto［A］turningofthebusiness ［B］restructuringof［C］improvedbusiness ［D］successinPassage①（15）Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbornforevery100females,butthisratiodropstonearbalanceattheageofmaturity,andamong70-year-oldstherearetwiceasmanywomenasmen.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.④Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellasgirlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyaresearchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.⑦Fiftyyearsago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightortooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisduetogenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewer②Fewpeopleareasfertileasinthepast.③Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,has average.⑤Mostofushaveroughlythesamenumberofoffspring.⑥（16）Again,differencesbetweenpeopleandtheopportunityfornaturalselectiontotakeadvantageofithavediminished.⑦showswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthegreatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.⑧Thegrandmediocrityoftoday—everyonebeingthesameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring—meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerinupper-middle-classcomparedtothetribes.Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.②Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittlephysicalchange.③Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,000years—eventhepast100years—ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshave⑤（17）Wedidnotevolve,becausemachinesandsocietydiditforus.⑥Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:they“lookatanorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.”⑦Nodoubtwewillremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.ButhoweveramazedourdescendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.［406words］Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirst［A］Alackof ［B］Afierce［C］Alowersurvival ［D］AdefectiveWhatdoestheexampleof［A］Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoor［B］Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthe［C］Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthe［D］isoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthTheauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolving［A］lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnological［B］thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeen［C］ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageof［D］thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthe［A］SexRatioChangesinHuman［B］WaysofContinuingMan’s［C］TheEvolutionaryFutureof［D］HumanEvolutionGoingPassage①（20）Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesareaimingat,for,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearstocometheymayberegardedasnormal.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,forwhateverFuturistpoetrymaybe—evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight—itcanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionallyspeedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseand andspeed.②Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughtsandemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③（21）Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFuturist,requiresanewformofexpression.④Wemustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wemustpouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.⑥Insteaddescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeanddifferentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.①Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadtheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers:“Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fiveasLiterature.②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotionallifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?［334words］Thispassageis［A］asurveyofnewapproachesto［B］areviewofFuturist［C］aboutmeritsoftheFuturist［D］aboutlawsandrequirementsofWhenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtry［A］determineits ［B］ignoreits［C］followthenew ［D］accepttheFuturistsclaimthatwe［A］increasetheproductionof［B］usepoetrytorelievemodern［C］developnewmodesof［D］avoidusingadjectivesandTheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetry［A］basedonreasonable［B］newandacceptabletoordinary［C］indicativeofabasicchangeinhuman［D］moreofatransientphenomenonthanPassage①（23）AimlessnesshashardlybeentypicalofthepostwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyaretheenvyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapaneseareseeingadeclineofthetraditionalwork-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreasonforbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon’tknowwheretheyshouldgonext.①Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarkethavelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningthe ②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsintheUnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheircounterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.①Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics,Japaneseeducationtendstostresstesttakingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②（25）“Thosethingsthatdonotshowupinthetestscores—ality,ability,courageorhumanity—arecompleyignored,”saysToshikiKaifu,chairmanoftherulingLiberalDemocraticParty’seducationcommittee.③“Frustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskidstodropoutandrunwild.”④LastyearJapanexperienced2，125incidentsofschool ,including929assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasisonmoraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhearguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe“Japanesemoralityofrespectforparents.”①（26）ButthatmayhavemoretodowithJapaneselife-styles.②“InJapan,”sayseducatorYokoMuro,“it’sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan’s119millioncitizensliveincitieswherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,the fortisbeginningtol.⑤Inthepastdecade,theJapanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,andsuicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.［447words］IntheWesterners’eyes,thepostwarJapan［A］underaimless ［B］apositive［C］arivaltothe ［D］ontheAccordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanese［A］Women’sparticipationinsocialactivitiesis［B］Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeir［C］Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthe［D］Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe［A］Japaneseeducationispraisedfor theyoungclimbthesocial［B］Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellas［C］Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationof［D］DropoutleadstofrustrationagainsttestThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefact［A］theyoungarelesstolerant fortsin［B］thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatinthe［C］theJapaneseenduremorethanever［D］theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentPassage①（27）Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone’sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition’sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselvesadmired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③（28）Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition—ifnotalwaystheirownthenthatoftheirparentsandgrandparents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,acaseofclosingthebarndoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.①Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,Europeantravel,BMWs—thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseemlessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③（29）Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitiveandvulgar.④Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproperformulationis,“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.”①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersfewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsandpromptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.④Consequencesfollowfromthis,ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythingsstand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnestpeopletryingtogetoninlife.［431words］Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregarded［A］itsreturnswellcompensateforthe［B］itisrewardedwithmoney,fameand［C］itsgoalsarespiritualratherthan［D］itissharedbytherichandtheThelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatit［A］customaryoftheeducatedtodiscardambitionin［B］toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenlet［C］dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthe［D］impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromSomepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambition［A］theythinkofitas［B］theirpursuitsarenotfameor［C］ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterial［D］theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandFromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbe［A］secretlyand ［B］openlyand［C］easilyand ［D］verballyandPartⅢEnglish-ChineseReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoYourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15ernmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.32）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthaternmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofall33）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopment munications,peopleeverywherefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whileernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelonationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfortheernmentsconcerned.35）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,ernmentsare ingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.［390SectionⅣWriting(15Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETYouressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1）Describethepictures.2）Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.3）Suggestcounter-measures.2000PartⅠCloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 9. 10.PartⅡReadingPassage11.12.14.PassagePassagePassagePassagePartⅢEnglish-Chinese想。由于上述原因，常常得推出的革新。在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构持了大约个世纪久而如一个发国家在十左右就能完成个过程由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种SectionⅣWriting(15PartⅠClose满足农业再生产等需要。⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从论证余\[Aotherthan不同于，除了……[B]aswellas也，又（表示附加[C]insteadof而不是……（表选择）[D]morethan比……（表比较）［快速解题］文章首句的含义是：一个农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产（大量的粮食另一种是consumingallhisgrainimmediay（立即把他所有的粮食都分，而且其后能跟现在分词。选项中，只有介词短语insteadof符合要求，意为“他必须存［空格设置］insteadof是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。insteadof表如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadofgoingout.我将待在家里，不出门。其他连接性介词还包括，despite（，besides（［干扰项设置］其他项的短语都可用于连接前后并列的两部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，实际上是对后面部分的肯定，如：Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了The编辑和校对者都在加班工作。Ilikehermorethanherhusband.我比较喜欢她，不太喜欢她丈2.[A]onlyif只要，只有(表条件 [B]muchas尽管，虽然(表让步[C]longbefore早在…以前(表时间) [D]eversince自从(表时间)［快速解题］考生需判断空格前后部分之间的逻辑关系。显然，heproducesasurplushecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamilyonlyif引导条分句继续强调粮食的必要性，符合上下文意。［篇章分析］己及家人。②句的storealargetyofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近义复现，实［空格设置］onlyifonlyifif的强调形式，在文中用于强调粮食的必要性。onlyif用于句首时，主句一般要倒装，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanythingwrongwiththemachine.只要红灯一亮，就表示机器出毛病esp.money,sothatsb/sthcanliveorexistMarkhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.马克得供养他第一次生的。Heturnedtocrimetosupporthisdrughabit.他为维持吸毒的恶习而走上的道路。二，根据上下文选词。句中surplus为名词，意为“过剩（量，剩余（额agriculturalsurpluses过剩的农产品。它和上文storealargety相呼应。［干扰项设置］其他项也是主从复合句的连接词。例句：Muchassheneededthejob,shehadtorefuse.虽然她非常需要这份工作，她只能。ShehadseenthefilmabroadlongbeforeitwasshowninBeijing.早在这部在上映之前，她就在国外看过了。Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不安。3.[A]for[B]against，靠着，相反，对…不利,预[Cof[D]towards+acommoditytheunpredictableeffectsofbadweather搭配，做insuranceinsurance（against。［篇章分析］③句和④⑤句是并列关系，共同支持②句的观点：必须粮食。③句inthreeways做状语，冒号后三个并列的as...介词结构列举了使用余粮的三种方式。［空格设置］against作为常用介词，其含义和用法非常丰富。against意为“，违him.对他不利；Putthepianoagainstthewall.把钢琴紧靠着墙；precautionsagainstfire防（备不测的）Atthattimepeoplehadlargefamiliesasaninsuranceagainstsomechildrendying.那时人们养的很多，以防有孩子夭折。fightingfortheircountry为祖国出征的；或表示目的或用途，如：amachineforslicingattitudetowardsdeath我们对的态度；Themoneywillgotowardsanewschoolbuilding.这笔将用于修建新校舍。of可指“……的。它们的中文释义都有干扰，要注意各自的用4.[A]replace[B]purchase[Csupplement[D]dispose（~of）+排（dispose）replace表达的“用余粮换得的钱来买新农具以更换旧农具”符［篇章分析］commoditywhich引导的定语从句，具体说明余粮作为商品的用途：更换旧农具及化肥。定语从句中，inorderto连接两个并列的不定式结构toreplace...and(to)obtain...做目的状语。［空格设置］which引导的定语从句。replace一词含义虽然简单，但需要通过理解上下文意来解答。例句：toreplacemealswithsnacks不吃正餐，改吃点心；You’llbeexpectedtoreplaceanybrokenglasses.玻璃杯损坏，要负责赔偿。［干扰项设置］implements（构成动宾搭配。例句：Theypurchasedthelandfor$1million.他们以100万买下了这块土地。adietsupplementedwithvitaminpillsdisposedisposeofsb/sthHedisposedofhisoldcar.他处理掉他的旧汽车。也指“解决，处理（问题、等；击败，杀死（。][Cfeed[D]raise［快速解题］空格部分谈到农民把余粮作为商品出售的另一目的：obtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoilenhance从含义上看似乎符合上下文语义要求，但它通常与抽feedsoil搭配，feed［空格设置］此题重点考查动词的用法及搭配。feed（养，养活，如：Youcan’tfeedafamilyoffiveon$100aweek.你无法靠每周100的收入来养活一家五口。文中feed是比喻用法，需要根据上下文意理解。［干扰项设置］enhance在词义上形成干扰，如：Healthenhancesbeauty.健康使人显Oildoesnotmixwithwater.油不和水相溶。raise对feed构成近义干扰，如：raisecorn/cattle种植玉米/养牛；Theyraisedher(as)aCatholic.他们把她培养成为天主。6.[A]vessels船，容器，导管，脉管[B]routes[C]paths路，小路 [D]channels，管道本题考核的知识点是：固定搭配+名词词义辨析。正确率paths，它们主要指空中或地面的道路。vesselirrigationchannel（水渠或以其他方式来改进农场。⑤句中also一词表明了它与上文的并列逻辑关系。［空格设置］名词的固定搭配也是知识运用的常考点。channel含义丰富，意为“电throughtheproperchannels.必须通过正当途径进行。drainagechannelsinthericefields稻田的排水沟。考生较熟悉的是它的前几个义项，此处了它表示“水渠”的含义及与irrigation的搭配。，［干扰项设置］其他项与channel（ascenic/coastalroute景色优美的/沿海的公路；anair/busroute飞行航线/路线，它也可比喻为“途径如：theroutetofame/power成名的/获取权力的途径。path意为“小路，（行进的）abicyclepath自行车道；thepathofahurricanetofreedom/success通向自由/成功的道路。vessel（盛液体的）（人或动物的）植物的）bloodvessel血管。，7.[A]self-confident自信 [B]self-sufficient自给自足[Cself-satisfied自满的，自鸣得意的[D]self-restrained自我控制的，有节制的［A粮的。⑥句是统领了⑦⑧句的总起句。［空格设置］此题实际上是通过考查复合形容词来考查上下文的语义。self-sufficientsupporthimselfandhisfamilyself-sufficientThecountryistotallyself-sufficientinfood［干扰项设置］selffarmers。例句：aself-confidentmanner自信的态度。Hehadaself-satisfiedsonhisface.他脸上挂着得意洋洋的笑容。herself-restraineds她克制的微笑。8.[A]search搜 [B]save，节[C]offer提供，出价[D]seek寻求，寻找［快速解题］⑦句（如果农民没有生产剩余）他必须变卖部分家产或以的形意为“寻求以的形式获得的额金。［篇章分析］cannotbeself-sufficient：他或者需要［干扰项设置］其他项都可接fundssearch干扰性较强，因此必须理offersearch“找寻（/物，如：searchedtheplaneforsurvivors搜查飞机寻找幸存者，Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她翻找自己的护照，但没找着。9.[A]proportion比例，比率，均 [B]percentage百分[C]rate比率，速度，等级 [D]ratio比率，对比，比值interest应表示利率。rateofinterestinterestrate［篇章分析］⑦⑧句是承接关系，⑦句提到农民不能自足时，要去借贷，⑧句说明借贷时会遇到的。⑧句中borrowmoney与⑦句中extrafundsintheformofloans是近义复［空格设置］本题考查名词的搭配用法。rate发生的次数或事例存在的个数的测量方法，如：theannualdivorcerate（收取或付给的固定的）费用，价格，如：alow/highhourlyrateofpay按小时支付的低/高；thebasicrateoftax基本税额。文中用到的是第二个含义。［干扰项设置］rate的近义干扰。proportiontheproportionofsthtosth（即事物或事物各部分之间在大小、数量或程度上的关系，如：theproportionofbirthstodeaths人口出生与的比例；另相应的变化如：happinessnotinproportiontovirtue与美德不成比例。percentage意为“百分比如：Whatpercentageofthestudentswereabsent?的学生占百分之几？ratio指Theratioofhydrogentooxygeninwateris2to1.2∶1。10.[A]genuinely地，诚实 [B]obviously明显[Cpresumably可能地，大概,推测起来[D]frequently经常地［快速解题］空格处是but引导的转折分句，前文提到农民自然想获得低利率，义上不与obtainable搭配。obviously表示的“明显不可获得”过于绝对，不符合逻辑。presumably一般做句子副词单独使用，不和其他形容词连用。从意义上来看，只有［D］符［篇章分析］but连接的表转折关系的并列句，thiskindlowrateofinterest（低利率。［空格设置］notfrequently与上文Naturallyhewill存在转折关系。［干扰项设置］其他项都是副词，是根据中文含义设置的干扰。例句：Hegenuinelybelievesinwhathesells.Hewasobviouslydrunk.他显然是喝醉了。Presumablythebadweatherhasdelayedtheflight.大概恶劣的天气使飞机误点了。一个农民要想成功，就必须在消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距。他必须大量他必须用以下三种方式来使用这些余粮：留作，留作预防恶劣天气影响的保障措施，以产或通过寻求额外的。自然，他会尽量争取低息，但这种不是经常能够得PartⅡReadingPassage一、词汇注ata例：I’matalosswhattodonext.我对下一步做什么心里没谱［C（3.［U］急救室，vi.*1.tograduallydisappear逐渐例：Herbeautyhasfadedalittle.美貌已有点失色。2.to eweakerphysically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或）vt.&vi.（使）褪色（使）失去光泽例：Thesunhadfadedthecurtains.把窗帘晒得a1.2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的aglowingaccount/report热情洋溢的叙述/*3.光明的，辉煌的；glowv.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉vt.giveorbeadisadvantagetosb/sth对（、某物）设置不利条件;被施加不利条件例：behandicappedbyalackofeducation因文化水平低而吃亏n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.，不利条件例：Illiteracyisaserioushandicapinlife.不能读写是生活中的严重。3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：Shehadahandicapof7ingolf.她在球比赛7杆。onthe岌岌可危，即将，处于困n.优势，主导地位；predominanta.占优势的；主要的；突出的quick-a.的，富于机智的；witn.智力，才智，智［U（（*2.［C，U］amovementawayfromaplaceoranenemybecauseofdangerordefeat撤退，退却，例：Napoleon’sretreatfromMoscow从莫斯科的撤退［C］（对某个环境的）（（numberofstudentshasshrunkfrom120to70.120减70人。vi.（尤指因恐惧而）例：Iwillnotshrinkfrommyduties.我不会逃避责任。takeforgrantedtakeitforgranted（that…）*2.takesb/sthforgranted（因习以为常）（因视为当然而）例：Wetakehavinganendlesssupplyofcleanwaterforgranted.我们想当然地认为洁净水的供应无穷无尽而不予以珍惜n.，思想yieldtostopresisting屈服，让步例：Hereluctantlyyieldedtotheirdemands.他不情愿地屈从于他们的要求。*2.tobereplacedby例：Bargesyieldedtoroadvehiclesfortransportinggoods.在货物方面，驳船让位给了公路车辆。1.Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmay eadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscaleithadamarket...Whengiving相当于whichgave...，为结果状语。unparalleledForawhileitlookedasthough［themakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahadinventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty］.itlooked；asthoughlooked的表语，其中在这个表语themakingofsemiconductorswasgoingtobe...之间，又插入了两个并列品击败的本土产品。Americanindustryhaschangeditsstructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-身体健康”进行类比，达到形象生动的效果。我们可以反过来形容人，如：Mr.Smithwasadvisedbythedoctortoloseweight.Nowhehaschangedhisbodystructure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnedtobemorequick-moving.本文题材涉及经济。全文通过描述二战后到90年代经济发展所经历的“兴第二至三段：描述80年代经济霸主地位的丧失及其影响。第二段使用举例论证法加以证明。第三段分析影响，即作出了和调整。第四段：描述90年代经济的复苏及随之而来的盲目乐观情绪。该段最后一些11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceWorldWarⅡ[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowards[A][B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimesthan[B][C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofpotenti