如果出项问题用这个文件1980-2019真题答案英语一全这里也有详细

SectionI:StructureandIneachsentence,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoicesintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Theboarddeemediturgentthatthese righthadtobeshouldhavebeenmustbeshouldbeThelocalhealthorganizationis twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Audonbecameits.tobesetbeingsettohavebeensethavingbeensetTheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthedemandsthathis behadbeenhaveTedhadtoldmethathealways ashehasgotaveryfastsporttotobebeinghavingbeenMorethanonethirdoftheChineseintheUnitedStateslivein inSanProf.Lee’sbookwillshow canbeusedinotherthatyouhavethathowyouhavehowthatyouhavehowwhatyouhaveAll becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethewerehadbeenhavinghavingbeenThenewsecretaryhaswrittena reportonlyinafewpagesbutwithalltheWith somuch,it’shardforthecompanytoplanaExpertsaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysfor Expectednoisesareusually thanunexpectedonesofthelikeItisn’tsomuchwhetherheworkshard;thequestioniswhetherhe aboveinatafterThereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethateveryoneagrees constitutesabenefittoanindividual.Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothat verymakesupaddsupcomesupputsupAreallypowerfulspeaker thefeelingsoftheaudiencetothefeverofworkworkworkworkBeforethestudentssetoff,theyspentmuchtimesettinga theexpensesoftheAccordingtothepsychoystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomesfrom ofFromthetearsinNedra’seyeswecandeducethatsomething musthavewouldhavemightbeshouldYoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthe youdon’tmindtakingthenightHardlyamonthgoesbywithout ofanothersurveyrevealingnewdepthsofscientificilliteracyamongU.S.citizens.atheIf JerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasdidn’tweren’ttohadn’tSometeenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyaremature.Imustgo ,ifyouwantthatbookI’llbringitnextThereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake, theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.muchmorenomorenolessanymore inSanFrancisco,DaveMitc hadalwayspreferredtorecordtheplainfactsofsmall-townlife.Mostelectronicdevicesofthis manufacturedforsuchpurposes,aretightlythataswhichitAsforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof furnacefuelisallowedsavedfortheAchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysterious scientificbasic.Wecannotalways thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesignedthattheycanalsobedrivenbyhangcountholdcomeThestormsweeoverthisareanowissureto ofvegetablesinthecomingSectionII:ReadingEachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosetheanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(30points)Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcentury,itmaybe.Hotodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackoflanguagehere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyTodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysandmakesvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1,000wordswhichhecanputintosentences,andatfourhislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.Whatisspecialaboutman’sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,isthecomplexsystemwhichenablesachildtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattern“toy-bear.”Andevenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain’sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguagefromthemixtureofsoundaroundhim,toyze,tocombineand binethepartsofalanguageinnewways.Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthemotherandthechild,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild’sbabbling(咿呀学语),grasandsmiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdullstheinteractionbecausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.Sensitivitytothechild’snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentoflanguage.ThepurposeofFrederickII’sexperiment toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytotodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhumantofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtotoprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningaThereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobably theyareincapableoflearninglanguagetheyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageattheirmothersrespond ytotheirattemptstotheirmothersarenot ligentenoughtohelpWhatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildis heisbornwiththecapacitytohehasabrainmorecomplexthananhecanproducehisownheoweshisspeechabilitytogoodWhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromtheThefacultyofspeechisinborninEncouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguageThechild’sbrainishighlyMostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefiniteIfachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,he haveahighbeless beinsensitivetoverbalText2Ingeneral,oursociety ingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucratic(主义的)inwhichman esasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhas epowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershave eeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandinlectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforin ligenceaswellasforthetightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain--bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’s petitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities--thoseofloveandofreason--aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatman anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisworkingincompleteharmonywiththerestoftheanunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingTherealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesis theyarelikelytolosetheirtheyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestintheyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumantheyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandFromthepassagewecaninferthatrealhappinessoflifebelongsto whoareatthebottomofthewhoarehigherupintheirsocialwhoprovebetterthan whocouldkeepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveTosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatwe resorttotheproductionmodeofourofferhigherwagestotheworkersandenablemantofullydevelophistakethefundamentalrealitiesforTheauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbestbesummarizedasone Text3Whenaninventionismade,theinventorhasthreepossiblecoursesofactionopentohim:hecangivetheinventiontotheworldbypublishingit,keeptheideasecret,orpatentit.Agrantedpatentistheresultofabargainstruckbetweenaninventorandthestate,bywhichtheinventorgetsalimitedperiodofmonopoly()andpublishesfulldetailsofhisinventiontothepublicafterthatperiodterminates.OnlyinthemostexceptionalcircumstancesisthelifespanofapatentextendedtoalterthisnormalprocessofThelongestextensionevergrantedwastoGeorgesValensi;his1939patentforcolorTVreceivercircuitryextendeduntil1971becauseformostofthepatent’snormallifetherewasnocolourTVtoreceiveandthusnohopeofrewardfortheinvention.Becauseapatentremainspermanentlypublicafterithasterminated,theshelvesofthelibraryattachedtothepatentofficecontaindetailsofliterallymillionsofideasthatarefreeforanyonetouseand,ifolderthanhalfacentury,sometimesevenre-patent.Indeed,patentexpertsoftenadviseanyonewishingtoavoidthehighcostofconductingasearchthroughlivepatentsthattheonesurewayofavoidingviolationofanyotherinventor’srightistoplagiarizeadeadpatent.Likewise,becausepublicationofanideainanyotherformpermanentlyinvalidatesfurtherpatentsonthatidea,itistraditionallysafetotakeideasfromotherareasofprint.Muchmoderntechnologicaladvanceisbasedonthesepresumptionsoflegalsecurity.Anyonecloselyinvolvedinpatentsandinventionssoonlearnsthatmost“new”ideasare,infact,asoldastheItistheirreductiontocommercialpractice,eitherthroughnecessityordedication,orthroughtheavailabilityofnewtechnology,thatmakesnewsandmoney.Thebasicpatentforthetheoryofmagneticrecordingdatesbackto1886.Manyoftheoriginalideasbehindevisionoriginatefromthelate19thandearly20thcentury.EventheVolkswagenrearenginecarwasanticipatedbya1904patentforacartwiththehorseattherear.Thepassageismainly anapproachtotheapplicationfortheuseoftheaccesstoWhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheWhena esoutofeffect,itcanbere-patentedorextendedifItisnecessaryforaninventortoapplyforapatentbeforehemakeshisinventionApatentholdermustpublicizethedetailsofhisinventionwhenitslegalperiodisOnecangetallthedetailsofapatentedinventionfromalibraryattachedtothepatent nobodywouldofferanyrewardforhispatentpriortothathispatentcouldnotbeputtouseforanunusuallylongtherewerenotenoughTVstationstoprovidecolourthecolourTVreceiverwasnotavailableuntilthatTheword“plagiarize”(line8,Para.5)mostprobablymeans stealandgiverewardmaketakeandFromthepassagewelearn aninventionwillnotbenefittheinventorunlessitisreducedtocommercialproductsareactuallyinventionswhichweremadealongtimeitismuchcheapertobuyanoldpatentthananewpatentexperts mendpatentstoothersbyconductingasearchthroughdeadForeachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(15Althoughinteriordesignhasexistedsincethebeginningofarchitecture,itsdevelopmentintoaspecializedfieldisreallyquiterecent.Interiordesignershave eimportantpartlybecauseofthemanyfunctionsthatmightbe46inasinglelargeTheimportanceofinteriordesign es47whenwerealizehowmuchtimewe48surroundedbyfourwalls.Wheneverweneedtobeindoors,wewantoursurroundingstobe49attractiveandcomfortableaspossible.Wealsoexpect50placetobeappropriatetoitsuse.Youwouldbe51iftheinsideofyourbedroomweresuddenlychangedtolook52theinsideofarestaurant.Andyouwouldn’tfeel53inabusinessofficethathastheappearanceofaschool.It esclearthattheinteriordesigner’smostimportantbasic54isthefunctionofthe55.Forexample,atheaterwithpoorsightlines,poorsound-shaqualities,and56fewentriesandexitswillnotworkfor57purpose,nomatterhowbeautifullyitmightbe58.Nevertheless,foranykindofspace,thedesignerhastomakemanyofthesamekindof59.Heorshemustcoordinatetheshapes,lightinganddecorationofeverythingfromceilingtofloor.60addition,thedesignermustusuallyselectfurnitureordesignbuilt-infurniture,accordingtothefunctionsthatneedtobeserved.[A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]a[A][A][A][A][B][D]Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Anumberof[A]foreignvisitorsweretaken[B]totheindustrialexhibitionwhich[C]theysaw[D]manynewAnswer[C]iswrongbecausethesentenceshouldread,“Anumberofforeignvisitorsweretakentotheexhibitionwheretheysawmanynewproducts.”Soyoushouldchoose[C]andwritethecorrection“where”onthe[A][B][●][D]Hecannot lthedifferencebetweentrue[A]praiseandflattering[B]statementsmaking[C]onlytogain[D]hisfavor.Theywanttoexposethoseeducational[A]disadvantagedstudentstocreative,enriching[B]educationalexperiences[C]forafive-year[D]period.Thechangesthattook[A]placeinairtravelduring[B]thelastsixtyyearswouldhaveseemed[C]comple impossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsat[D]theturnofthe19thcentury.Idon’tthinkit[A]advisablethathewillbeassigned[B]tothejobsincehehasno[C]experiencewhatsoeverBeethoven,thegreatmusician,wrote[A]ninesymphoniesinhislife,mostofthemwerewritten[B]afterhehadlost[C]hishearing[D].Mr.Jankinregrettedtoblame[A]hissecretaryfor[B]themistake,for[C]helaterdiscovered[D]itwashisownfault.Asfor[A]theinfluenceofcomputerization,nowherewehaveseen[B]theresultsmoreclearlythanintheU.S.[C],whichreallyhavesurprised[D]usall.Attimes[A],morecaregoesinto[B]thecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanthewriting[C]offeatures[D]andeditorials.Itisrequiredbylawthatahusbandhavetopay[A]thedebtsofhiswifeuntil[B]formalnoticeisgiven[C]henolongerhastopayherOver[A]theyears,alargenumberofoverseasstudentshavestudied[B]atthatuniversityintheresult[C]thatithas[D]acquiredsubstantialexperienceindealingwiththem.ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(15(71)Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.Thereisnomoredifference,butthereisjustthesamekindofdifference,betweenthementaloperationsofamanofscienceandthoseofanordinary ,asthereisbetweentheoperationsandmethodsofabakerorofabutcherweighingouthisgoodsincommonscales,andtheoperationsofachemistinperformingadifficultandcomplexysisbymeansofhisbalanceandfinelygradedweights.(72)Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterisamuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.Youwillunderstandthisbetter,perhaps,ifIgiveyousomefamiliarexamples.(73)Youhaveallhearditrepeatedthatmenofscienceworkbymeansofinduction(归纳法anddeduction,thatbyth