库存管理系统论文供应链库存优化零库存方法中英文资料对照外文翻译文献

库存管理系统毕业论文中英文资料外文翻译InventoryOptimizationinSupplyChain:ZeroInventoryApproachKanakaB*Managingoptimalinventoryinthesupplychainiscriticalforanenterprise.Theabilitytoincreaseinventoryturnsandtheuseofbestinventorypracticeswillreduceinventorycostsacrossthesupplychain.Movingtowardszeroinventorywillresultineffectiveinventorymanagementinthebusinessprocess.InventoryOptimizationSolutionscanbeimplementedeasilyusinginventoryoptimizationsoftware.RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)technology,inventorycanbeupdatedinrealtimewithoutproductmovement,scanningorhumaninvolvement.Companieshavetoadoptbestpracticestooptimizeoperationalprocessesandlowertheircoststructurethroughinventorystrategies.IntroductionWithsupplychainplanningandlatestsoftware,companiesaremanagingtheirinventoryinthebestpossiblemanner,keepinginventoryholdingstotheminimumwithoutsacrificingthecustomerserviceneeds.Thezeroinventoryconcepthasbeenaroundsincethe1980s.Ittriestoreduceinventorytoaminimumandenhancesprofitmarginsbyreducingtheneedforwarehousingandexpensesrelatedto it.Theconceptofasupplychainistohaveitems flowingfromonestageofsupplytothenext,bothwithinthebusinessandoutside,inaseamlessfashion.Anystockinthesystemiscausedbyeitherdelaybetweentheprocesses(demand,distribution,transfer, recording and production) or by the variation in Eliminating/reducingstockcanbeachievedby:linkingprocesses,makingthesamethroughputrateonprocesses,locatingprocessesneareachotherandcoordinatingflows.Recentadvancedsoftwarehasmadezeroinventorystrategyexecutable."Inventory optimization is an emerging practical approach to investment andservice-levelgoalsoveraverylargeassortmentofStock-Keeping1库存管理系统毕业论文Units(SKUs).Incontrasttotraditional‘one-at-a-time’marginalstocklevelsetting,inventoryoptimizationsimultaneouslydeterminesallSKUstocklevelstofulfilltotalserviceandinvestmentconstraintsorobjectives".Inventoryoptimizationtechniquesprovideanewlogictodrivethesystemwithinformationsystems.Toeffectivelymanageinventory,businessesmustoptimizethecostsofbuying,holding,producing,movingandsellinginventory.Theobjectiveofinventoryoptimizationistosustainminimallevelsofinventorywhileprovidingthemaximumpossiblelevelsofservice.SupplyChainDesignandOptimization(SCDO)isaninventoryoptimizationsolutionwhichhelpscompaniessatisfycustomerdemandswhilebalancinglimitationsonsupplyandtheneedforoperationalefficiency.Inventoryoptimizationfocusesonmodelinguncertaintyandvariabilityandminimizingtheriskstheyimposeonthesupplychain.Inventoryoptimizationcanhelpresolvetotalsupplychaincostoptionslike:In-housemanufacturingvs.contractmanufacturing;Domesticvs.offshore;andNewsupplier'scostvs.currentsuppliers'cost.Companiescanbenefitfrominventoryoptimization,providedtheycontroltheirsupplychainprocessesandthecomplexityofsupplychain.Incasethesupplychainisverycomplex,besidesinventoryoptimization,networkdesignhastobeusedtoreapthebenefitsfully.ThispapercoversvariousinventorymodelsthatareavailableandthendescribesthetechnologieslikeRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)andnetworkingusedfortheoptimizationofinventory.Thepaperalsodescribessoftwaresolutionsavailableforachievingthesame.Itconcludesbygivingaexampleswhereinventoryoptimizationhasbeensuccessfullyimplemented.InventoryModelsHexagonModelThehexagonmodelwasdevelopedduetotheneedtostructureday-to-daywork,reduceheadcountandotherinventorycostsandimprovecustomersatisfaction.Inthefirstphase,operationstrategieswereestablishedinalignmentwithinte-rnalcustomers.Later,continuousimprovementplansandbusinesscontinuitypl-answereadded.Thefivestrategiesusedwere:forecastingfutureconsumption,settingfinancialtargetsto2库存管理系统毕业论文minimizeinventorycosts,preparingdailyreportstomonitorinventoryoperationalperformance,studyingcriticalsuccessindicatorstotracktheaccomplishments,forminventorystrategicobjectivesandinventor-yhealthandoperatingstrategies.Thehexagonmodelisacombinationoftwotriangularstructures(Figure1).Theuppertrianglefocusesonthesoftmanagementofhumanresources,customerorientationandsupplierrelations;thelowerfocusesontheexecutionofinventoryplanswiththeirsuccesscriteria,continuousimprovementmethodologyandbusinesscontinuityplans.Theinventoryindicatorsare:totalinventoryvalue,availabilityofspares,daysofinventory,costofinventory,costsavingandcashsavingoutputexpen-ditureandqualityimprovement.Thehexagonmodelcombinestheelementsofthepeopleinvolvedinmanaginginventorywithoperationalexcellence(Figur2).Managinginventorywithoperationalexcellencewasachievedbyreducingnumberofemployeesinthematerialdepartment,changingthemixofpeo-pleskillssuchasintroducingengineeringintothedepartment structureandreducingthecostofownershipofthematerialdepartmenttotheoperationthatitsupports.Normally, this is implemented with reduction in headcount of materialdepartment,havinglesspeoplewithengineeringskillsinthedepartment.Operationresults include, improvement in raw material supply line quality competitivedaysofinventoryandimprovedandstabilizedsparesavailability.Andthefinancialresultsinclude,increaseincostsavingsandreducedcostofinventory.Itcanbeestablishedbyoutsourcingsomeoftheinventoryfunctionsasrequired.Thelevelofefficiencyoftheinventorymanagedcanbemeasuredtoaspecificrisklevel,changingrequirementsorchangesintheenvironment.Just-In-Time(JIT)Just-in-time(JIT)inventorysystemisaconceptdevelopedbytheJapanese,wherein,thesuppliersdeliverthematerialstothefactoryJITfortheirprocessing, theneedforstorageandretrieval.Therateofoutputandtherateof supplyofinputsaresynchronized,tomanageazeroinventory.ThemainbenefitsofJITare:setuptimesaresignificantlyreducedinthe theflowofgoodsfromwarehousetoshelvesimproves,employeeswho possess3库存管理系统毕业论文multipleskillsareutilizedmoreefficiently,betterconsistencyofschedulingandconsistencyofemployeeworkhours,increasedemphasisonsupplierandcontinuousroundtheclocksupplieskeepingworkersproductiveandbusinessesfocusedonturnover.AndthoughaJITsystemmightevenbeanecessity,giventheinventorydemandsofcertainbusinesstypes,itsmanyadvantagesarerealizedonlywhensomesignificantriskslikedelaysinmovementofgoodsoverlongdistancesaremitigated.Vendor-ManagedInventory(VMI)Vendor-ManagedInventory(VMI)isaplanningandmanagementsysteminwhichvendorisresponsibleformaintainingthecustomer’sinventorylevels.VMIisdefinedasaprocessormechanismwherethesuppliercreatesthepurchaseordersbasedonthedemandinformation.VMIis acombinationofe-commerce,softwareandpeople.Ithasresultedinthedramaticreductionofinventoryacrossthesupply chain.VMIiscategorizedintherealworldascollaboration,automationandcosttransference.ThemainobjectivesofVMIarebetter,cheaperandfastertransactions.InordertoestablishtheVMIprocess,managementcommitment,datasynchronization,settingupagreements,dataexchange,ordering,invoicematchingandmeasurementhavetobeundertaken.ThebenefitsofVMItoanorganizationarereductionininventorybesidesreductionofstock-outsandincreaseincustomersatisfaction.Accurateinformationwhichisrequiredforoptimizingthesupplychainisfacilitatedbyefficienttransferofinformation.TheconceptofVMIwouldbesuccessfulonlywhenthereistrustbetweentheorganizationanditssuppliersasallthedemandinformationisavailabletothesupplierswhichcanberevealedtothecompetitors.VMIoptimizesinventoryinsupplychainandreducesstock-outsbyproperplanningandcentralizedforecasting.ConsignmentModelConsignmentinventorymodelisanextensionofVMIwherethevendorplacesinventoryatthecustomer’slocationwhileretainingownershipoftheinventory. Theconsignmentinventorymodelworksbestinthecaseofnewandunprovenproductswherethereisahighdegreeofdemanduncertainty,highly expensiveproductsandservicepartsforcriticalequipment.Thetypesofconsignmentinventoryownership4库存管理系统毕业论文transfermodelsare:payassoldduringapre-definedperiod,ownershipchangesafterapre-definedperiod,andordertoorderconsignment.TheissuesthattheVMIandconsignmentinventorymodelencounterarecostofdevelopingVMIsystem,invoicingproblems,cashflowproblems,ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)problemsandobsoletestock.EnablingPracticesThedecisionmakershavetomakeprudentdecisionsonfuturecourseofactionofaprojectrelatingtothefollowingvariables:ForecastingandInventoryManagement,Inventory Management practices, Inventory Planning, Optimal MultichannelInventory,Movingtowardszeroinventory.Toimproveinventorymanagementforbetterforecasting,the14bestpracticesthatwillmostlikelybenefitbusinessthemostare:Synchronizepromotions;Revamptheorganizationalstructure;Takealongerviewofitemplanning;Enforcevendorcompliance;Trackkeyinventorymetrics;Selecttherightsystems;Mastertheartofmasterscheduling;Adheretoexceptionreporting;Identifylostdemands;Planbyassortment;Trackinboundreceipts;Createcoveragereports;Balanceunderstock/overstock;andOptimizeSKUs.Thiswillleveragetheretailer’sabilitytobuylargerquantitiesacrossallchwhilebuyingonlywhatisrequiredforaspecifiedperiodinordertomanageriskinabetterway.Inmostmultichannelcompanies,inventoryisthelargestassetonthebalancesheet,whichmeansthattheirprofitabilitywillbedeterminedtoalargedegreebythewaytheyplan,forecast,andmanageinventory(CurtBarry,2007).Theycan5库存管理系统毕业论文followsomestepslikecreatingastrategy,integratingplanningandforecasting,equippingwiththebest-laidplansandbuildingstrongvendorrelationshipsandeffectiveliquidation.MovingTowardsZeroInventoryAttheforeisthedevelopmentandwidespreadadoptionofnimble,sophisticatedsoftwaresystemssuchasManufacturingResourcePlanning(MRPII),EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),andAdvancedPlanningandScheduling(APS)systems,aswellasdedicatedsupplychainmanagementsoftwaresystems.Thesesystemsmanufacturersgreaterfunctionality.Toimplement‘ZeroStock’system,companiesneedtohaveagoodinformationsystemtohandlecustomerorders,sub-contractororders,productinventoryandallissuesrelatedtoproduction.IfthecompanyhasnoITinfrastructure,itwillneedtobuilditfromthescratch.Agoodinformationsystemcanhelpmanagerstogetaccuratedataandmakestrategicdecisions.ITinfrastructureisnotacost,butaninvestment.Acompanycanuse RFID method, network inventory and other software tools for optimization.RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)RFIDisanautomaticidentificationmethod,whichreliesonstoringandremotelyretrievingdatausingdevicescalledRFIDtagsortransponders.RFIDuseinenterprisesupplychainmanagementincreasestheefficiencyofinventorytrackingandmanagement.RFIDapplicationdevelopsassetutilizationbytrackingreusableassetsandprovidesvisibility,improvesqualitycontrolbytaggingrawmaterial,work-in-progress,andfinishedgoodsinventory,improvesproductionexecutionandsupplychainperformancebyprovidingaccurate,timelyanddetailedinformationtoenterpriseresourceplanningandmanufacturingexecutionsystem.ThestatusofinventorycanbeobtainedautomaticallybyusingRFID.TherearemanybenefitsofusingRFIDsuchasreducedinventory,reducedtime,reducederrors,accessibilityincrease,highsecurity,etc.NetworkInventoryANetwork Inventory ManagementSystem (NIMS)tracksmovement ofacross the system and thus can locate malfunctioning equipment/process 6库存管理系统毕业论文provideinformationrequiredtodiagnoseandcorrectproblemareas.Italsodetermineswherecapacityistobeadded,calculatesimpactofmarketconditions,assessesimpactofnewproductsandtheimpactofanewcustomer.NIMSisimportantwhenthecomplexityofasupplychainishigh.Itdeterminesthemanufacturinganddistributionstrategiesforthefuture.Itshouldtakeconsiderationproduction,location,inventoryandtransportation.TheNIMSsoftware,includingassetconfigurationinformationandchangemanagement,isanessentialcomponentofrobustnetworkmanagementarchitecture.NIMSprovideinformationthatadministratorscanusetoimprovenetworkmanagementperformanceandhelpdevelopeffectivenetworkassetcontrolprocesses.A network inventory solution manages network resource information multiplenetworktechnologiesaswellasmultiplevendorsinonecommonaccuratedatabase.Itisanextremelyusefultoolforimprovingseveraloperationprocesses,suchasresourcetroublemanagement,serviceassurance,networkplanningprovisioning,fieldmaintenanceandsparepartsmanagement.The NIMS software, including asset configuration information and management,isanessentialcomponentofstrongnetworkmanagementarchitecture.Inaddition,softwaretoolsthatprovideplanning,designandlifecyclemanagementfornetworkassetsshouldprominentlyappearonenterpriseradarscreens.InventoryOptimizationi2InventoryOptimizationi2solutionsenablecustomerstorealizetopandbottom-linebenefitsthroughtheuseofsuperiorinventorymanagementpractices.i2InventoryOptimizationcanhelpcompaniesmonitor,manage,andoptimizestrategiestodecide—whattomake,tobuyandfromwhom,whatinventoriestocarry,where,inwhatformandhowmuch—acrossthesupplychain.Itenablescustomerstolearnandcontinuouslyimproveinventorymanagementpoliciesandprocesses,strategicanalysisandoptimization.Product-orientedindustrycaninstalli2InventoryOptimizationanddevelopsupplychain.Throughthis,thecompanycanreduceinventorylevelsandoverall7库存管理系统毕业论文logisticscosts.Itcanalsogethigherservicelevelperformance,greatercustomersatisfaction,improvedassetutilization,acceleratedinventoryturns,betterproductavailability,reducedrisk,andmorepreciseandcomprehensivesupplyvisibility.OracleInventoryOptimizationOracle Inventory Optimization considers the demand, supply, constraints andvariabilityinextendedsupplychaintooptimizestrategicinventoryinvestmentdecisions.Itallowsretailerstoprovidehigherservicelevelstocustomersatalowertotalcost.OracleInventoryOptimizationispartoftheOraclee-BusinessSuite,anintegratedsetofapplicationsthatareengineeredtoworktogether.OracleInventoryOvidesgraphicrepresentationoftheplan.Itcalculatescostandrisk.MRO SoftwareMRO Software (now a part of IBM's Tivolisoftware business) announced marketingalliancewithinventoryoptimizationspecialistsXtivitytoenhancetheserviceofferingofinventorymanagementsolutionsforMROSoftwarecustomers.MROoffersXtivity'sInventoryOptimizer(xIO)serviceasanextensionofitsassetandservicemanagementsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)Successful implementation of an inventory optimization solution requiressignificant effort and can pose certain risks to companies implementing suchsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)canbeusedonacommonplatform.Anoptimalinventorypolicycanbedeterminedbyusingit.Alongwithit,othermetricssuch as projectedinventorylevels, projectedbacklogs andtheirconfidencebandscanalsobecalculated.Theonlydrawbackofthismethodisthatitmaynotbepossibletoobtainquickreal-timeresultsbecauseofarchitecturalandalgorithmic complexity. However, potential scenarios can be analyzed inanticipationofresultsstoredpriortouserrequests.SomeExamplesToyota’sPracticeinIndiaToyota,aqualityconsciouscompanyworkingtowardszeroinventoryhasselected8库存管理系统毕业论文MitsuiandTransportCorporationofIndiaLtd.(TCI)fortheirentire logisticsolutionsencompassingplanning,transportation,warehousing,distribution andandrelateddocumentation.Infrastructureisabottleneckthatcontinuestoeconomic growth in India. Transystem renders services like procurement,consolidationandtransportationoforiginalequipmentmanufacturer'sparts,throughmilkrunoperationsfromvarioussuppliersalloverIndiaonaJITbasis,transportationofCompleteBuilt-upUnits(CBU)fromplanttoalldealersinthecountryandoperationofCBUyards,coordinationandtransportationofKnockDown(KD)partsfromportofentrytomanufacturingplant,transportationofaftermarketpartstodealersbyroadandairtoToyotaKirloskarMotorsPvt.Ltd.Wal-MartWal-MartisthelargestretailerintheUnitedStates,withanestimated20%oftheretailgroceryandconsumablesbusiness,aswellasthelargesttoysellerintheUS,withanestimated22%shareofthetoymarket.Wal-MartalsooperatesinArgentina,Brazil,Canada,Japan,Mexico,PuertoRicoandUK.Wal-Mart keeps close track of the inventories by extensively vendor-managedinventorytostreamlinetheflowofgoodsfrommanufacturertothestoreshelf.Thisresultsinmoreturnsandthereforefewerinventories.Wal-MartisanearlyadopterofRFIDtomonitorthemovementofstocksdifferentstagesofsupplychain.Thecompanykeepstabson allofitsmerchandizebyoutfittingitsproductswithRFID.Wal-Marthas indicated recently that it is moving towards the theoreticalzeroinventorymodel.ChordusInc.ChordusInc.hasthelargestdivisionofofficefurnitureinUSA.Ithasadvancedlogisticsandamodelofzeroinventory.IthasInternet-basedsystemfordistributionnetworkwithreal-timeupdatesandlowcosts.ChordusdeterminedthatonlyR/3couldaccommodatethiscutting-edgeoperationalmodelforitsnetworkof150dealer-ownedfranchisesin44statessupportedbyfivenationwideDistributionCenters(DCs)andafleetof65deliverytrucks.SmallScaleCycleIndustryAroundLudhiana9库存管理系统毕业论文InandaroundLudhiana,therearemanysmallbicycleunits,whicharenotorganized.Theyhaveasharpfocusonfinancialandrawmaterialmanagementenjoyingalowemployeeturnover.TheyhavebeenpracticingzeroinventorymodelswhichbecamepopularinJapanonlymuchlater.Rawmaterialisbroughtintotheunitinthemorning,processedduringthedayandbyeveningthefinishedproductispassedontothenextunit.Thus,thechaincontinuestilltheultimatefinishedproductismanufactured.Inthisway,thebicyclesusedtobeproducedinLudhianaathalftheproductioncostofTICycles.Eventhelargemanufacturersofcycles,likecycles,AtlascyclesandAvoncyclesarereportedtomaintainonlyoneweek'sinventory.ConclusionInventorymanagersarefacedwithhighservice-levelrequirementsandmanySKUsappreciatethecomplexityofinventoryoptimization,aswellastheexplicitcontrolthatisneededovertotalinvestmentinwarehousing,movingandlogistics.Inventoryoptimization canprovideboth anenormous performanceimprovement forthesupply chain and ongoing continuous improvements over competitors. companyachievesthestabilityneededtohaveenoughstocktomeetunpredictabledemandswithoutwastefulallocationofcapital.Havingtherightamountofstockintherightplaceattherighttimeimprovescustomersatisfaction,marketshareandbottomline.Certainly,theorganizationsthatareabletotakeinventoryoptimizationtotheenterpriselevelwillreapgreaterbenefits.Zeroinventorymaybewishfulthinking,butembracingnewtechnologiesandprocessestomanageone'sinventorymoreefficientlycouldmoveonemuchclosertothatideal.10库存管理系统毕业论文供应链库存优化：零库存方法RIDF公司必须通过库存策略采取最佳方法去优化操作流程和降低成本结构。引言80供应链的概念系统中的任何库存都是由流程之间的延迟（需求、分配、转接、记录和生产）变更引起的。消除/减少库存可用下列方法实现：使各流程相链接，流程间使用（型号SKU的库存水平和实现整个服务和投资的限制或目标。理库存，企业也必须优化购买成本，持有成本，运输成本和销售成本。性，变异性和减少风险进行建模。库存优化能帮助解决整体供应链成本的方案，例如：11库存管理系统毕业论文内部生产和外包生产国内和国外的新供应商成本和原有供应商