翻译技巧之句子的重组

第四讲

汉译英技巧之句子的重组试译：同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏林墙被枪杀的青年。同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏林墙被枪杀的青年。DifferentfromothernationsthatcloselyreadtheBerlinWallintheaspectofgeographyandpolitics,competitivecountries,socialsystem,ideologyandeconomicfundmentandsoforth,BerlinWallwasabookletofstories,whicharefulloftearsandlaughsandevenhumourous,incommonGermany’smind.Forexample,ayoungmanwasshotbecausehegotovertheBerlinWallsecretly.TheyalwaysliketoreadthedifferenceofBerlinWallwithotherforeignersthroughgeographicalpolitics,competitivecountries’rivalry,ideologyaswellaseconomicfundament.TheBerlinWallbearsmanylivelyandvividstorieswhicharefulloftears,laughandevenhumourstalesinthemindofGermany.Forexample,thefirstyoungmanwereshotforgettingitoversecretly.ForeignpeoplealwaysprefertosupervisetheBerlinWallfromdifferentsights,forinstance,geographicpolitics,competitionamongbigcountries,socialsystems,waysofthinking,economicfoundationandsoon,Butonthecontrary,whatiswidespreadamongnormalGermansisthatthewallislinkedtohumaneandalivestoriesabouthumans,whichcontaintears,laughterandevenhumor.同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏林墙被枪杀的青年。Unlikeforeigners,wholiketoobservetheBerlinWallfromgeographicpolitics,conceptionformality,economicbasis,andetc,BerlinWallhasahistoryofhumanandlivingpersonsforordinaryGermans,whichincludestears,laughs,evenhumers,suchas,thefirstyoungmanwhowaskilledforcrosstheBerlinWallsilently.ForeignersalwayslikecheckingthedifferencesofBerlinWall

intheviewsofpolitics,catchingupwitheachotherbetweenbigcountries,socialsystem,consciouspatternandeconomicalfoundation.InnormalGerman’seyes,BerlinWallhasalotofstoriesaboutpeoplewhicharesad,happyandevenhumous.Forexample,thefirststoryistheyoungmankilledasclimbingBerlinWallintheconditionofnobodyknows.同外人总是喜欢从地缘政治、大国角逐、社会制度、意识形态、经济基础等等视角来审视柏林墙不同，柏林墙在普通德国人中流传的却是一个个贯穿着人性的、鲜活的人的故事，有眼泪、有欢笑，甚至有幽默的故事，比如第一个因为偷越柏林墙被枪杀的青年。译例1：Unlikeforeigners,theregularGermansdon’texaminetheBerlinWallfromtheperspectiveofgeographicalpolitics,competitionamongbigcountries,socialsystem,ideologyandeconomicbase;instead,theyseefromithumaneandvividstories,whicharefulloftears,laughterandhumor,forexample,thestoryofayoungmanwhogotkilledforbeingthefirsttotrespasstheWall.译例2：OutsidersusuallyliketoevaluatetheBerlinWallfromthevantagepointofgeopolitics,competingpowers,socialsystems,ideologyandeconomicbase,butthelegacyofregularGermansisastorypermeatedwithhumanityandthefreshnessoflife.Therearesad,joyfulandevenfunnystories,suchasthefirstyouthtotrytosneakoverthewallwhowasshottodeath.语法的重组及语序的调整汉英语言中的主语和谓语差异：三鹿事件一周年，显然是一个值得反思的日子。IthasbeenoneyearsincetheSanlucontaminatedmilkpowderscandalbecamepublic,whichmakesthisdayoneworthreflectingon.解决办法：确定主语和中心谓语，添加枝叶主语突出主体突出汉英语言中的主语和谓语例2：我打算赶头班火车回北京。IamgoingtocatchthefirsttrainbacktoBeijing.例3：他决定不当司机了，去学一门新手艺。Hedecidedtogiveuphisoccupationasbusdriverandtolearnanewtrade.例4：一想到出国深造，他就激动不已。Theideathathewouldgoabroadforfurtherstudymadehimgreatlyexcited.Hefeltgreatlyexcitedatthethoughtofgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.试译：近年来，中、泰两国国民经济发展迅速，为两国的经济、贸易合作提供了良好的基础。InrecentyearsthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandhavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesinChinaandThailand,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.ChinaandThailand,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirnationaleconomiesinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.TherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandinrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.语序的调整汉英思维方式差异：汉语：主体行为标志行为行为客体英语：主体行为行为客体行为标志汉英语言表达模式差异：汉语：主语+状语+谓语+宾语（定语必须前置）英语：主语+谓语+宾语+状语（较长定语必须后置）定语的位置调整汉语：表事物本质的居前，表规模大小或力量强弱的居后英语：表本质的要靠近它所修饰的名词例1：到场的来宾中还有一些外宾。Theguestspresentincludedsomeforeignvisitors.例2：我们已经试过各种可能的办法了。Wehavetriedeverywaypossible.例3：在太空中有各种各样的肉眼看不见得波。Therearevariouskindsofwavesinvisibletothenakedeyeintheaerospace.定语的位置调整例4：我们要把祖国建成社会主义的

现代化

强国。Wewillbuildourmotherlandintoamodernpowerfulsocialistcountry.例5：他是一位中国现代优秀作家。HeisanoutstandingcontemporaryChinesewriter.例6：那是中国内地出版的第一份报纸。ThatwasthefirstnewspaperthathadbeenpublishedininlandChina.状语位置的调整汉语：习惯放在主语之后、谓语之前。有事为了强调，也可以置于主语之前。英语：位置富于变化。例1：复杂的计算我们可以用计算机进行，因为它能迅速地求出准确答案。Incomplicatedcalculationswecanuseacomputer,becauseitquicklygivesusanexactsolution.例2：李芳通常骑自行车上学。LiFangusuallygoestoschoolbybike频度副词：always,often,usually,frequently,sometimes,seldom,hardly,never,occasionally,constantly叙事部分和表态部分的换位例1：如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesand/orbrochurecouldbesoonforwardedtous.例2：驾车经过这一地区真是太危险了！Itisdangeroustodrivethroughthisarea.娱乐：中文电影片名翻译赏析farewellmyconcubine《霸王别姬》

Chineseodyssey2:cinderella《大话西游之仙履奇缘》

dreamfactory

《甲方乙方》

inthemoodforlove《花样年华》flirtingscholar

《唐伯虎点秋香》

royaltramp

《鹿鼎记》

试译：我已是一个中年的人。一到中年，就有许多不愉快的现象，眼睛昏花了，记忆力减退了，头发开始秃脱而且变白了，意兴，体力，什么都不如年青的时候，常不禁会感觉到难以名言的寂寞的情味。尤其觉得难堪的是知友的逐渐减少和疏远，缺乏交际上的温暖的慰藉。Iamalreadyamiddle-agedman.Atmiddleage,Ifeelsadtofindmyeyesightandmemoryfailing,myhairthinningandgraying,andmyselfnolongermentallyandphysicallyasfitaswhenIwasyoung.Ioftensufferfromanamelessloneliness.Themostintolerableofallisthelackoffriendlywarmthandcomfortduetothegradualpassingawayandestrangementofmoreandmoreoldpals.逻辑关系与翻译技巧汉语中的复句分析及转换汉语句内关系的特点：【1】从句通常在主句之前【2】从句中连词较少，逻辑关系常处于隐藏状态。1.并列关系例：早期的电影是无声的，你既听不到演员的对话，也听不到动作所发出的响声。Theearlyfilmsweresilent,youcouldneitherhearthedialoguesbetweencharacters,northesoundsandnoisesmadebyactions.例：这两种文明产生于不同地区，它们的发展并行不悖，互不影响。Thesetwocivilizations,whichwerecreatedindifferentareas,developedinparallelandwithoutinterinfluence.汉语中的复句分析及转换2.连贯关系例：计算机刚一启动，就发现有病毒。Hardlyhadthecomputerstartedworkingwhenviruseswerefound.英语常用：and,andthen,assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than.3.递进关系例：不但树木能为野生动物提供栖息之所，而且野生动物也能使树木茂盛起来。Notonlycanaforestprovideahomeforwildlife,butwildlifecaninturncaninturnmakethetreesandplantsflourish.汉语中的复句分析及转换4.选择关系例：我们宁可把这项实验进行下去，也不愿放弃不做。Wewouldrathergoonwiththeexperiencethangiveitup.英语常用：or,either…or,wouldrather…than,ratherthan,better…than5.转折让步试译：燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。但是，聪明的你，告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢？Swallowsmayhavegone,butthere’satimeofreturn;willowtreesmayhavediedback,butthere’satimeofregreening;peachblossomsmayhavefallen,buttheywillbloomagain.Now,youthewise,tellme,whyshouldourdaysleaveus,nevertoreturn?英语常用：but,though,although,evenif,as汉语中的复句分析及转换6.假设关系(if,evenif)7.条件关系例1：只有经过最大的努力，才会取得成功。Onewillonlysucceedifonedoeshisbest.例2：除非受到外力的作用，静止的物体将永远保持静止。Abodyatrestalwaysremainsatrestunlessitisactedonbyexternalforces.例3.他下定决心，不管碰到什么困难都要坚持做这项工作。Hewasdeterminedtoholdontothisjobwhateverdifficultieshemightruninto.英语常用：only…if,unless,as/solongas,ifonlynomatterhow/what/when/why/who;however…汉语中的复句分析及转换8.因果关系例1：这附近有许多大的工厂，所以空气受到烟尘的严重污染。Therestandssomanyb