但丁维吉尔英文简介2

Dante&VirgilVirgil（BC70-BC19）theancientRomepoet,istheancientRomeaugustustimemostimportantpoet.Themostimportantworkistheepicpoem“Aeneid",isintheEuropeanhistoryofliteraturethefirstindividualinitiativeepicpoem.

VirgilAeneidisahistoricalepic,depictingoneofthegreatheroesoftheTrojanwar,recountsAeneas'wanderingsandadventuresfromthefallofTroytotheestablishmentofhisdestinedruleinLatium.ItwaswellunderstoodinVirgil'sowntimethatTheAeneidwasinitsfirsthalfanOdysseyandinitssecondanIliad.Thepoemwaswrittenabout29-19B.C.E.andcomposedinhexameters,about60linesofwhichwereleftunfinishedatVirgil'sdeath.Theworkisorganizedin12books.Virgil’sAeneidhasalmostcertainlygeneratedalongerandlargertra-ditionofcommentarythananyotherpoemintheEuropeancanon.TheAeneid,avenerabletextifevertherewasone,hasbeensubjectedtoacontinualprocessofrevaluationfromthefourthcenturyADuntilourowntime.ArmsandthemanIsing,who,forc'dbyfate,

AndhaughtyJuno'sunrelentinghate,

Expell'dandexil'd,lefttheTrojanshore.

Longlabors,bothbyseaandland,hebore,

Andinthedoubtfulwar,beforehewon

TheLatianrealm,andbuiltthedestin'dtown;

Hisbanish'dgodsrestor'dtoritesdivine,

Andsettledsuresuccessioninhisline,

FromwhencetheraceofAlbanfatherscome,

AndthelonggloriesofmajesticRome.

(fromAeneid,translatedbyJohnDryden)ItiseasytogodownintoHell;nightandday,thegatesofdarkDeathstandwide;buttoclimbbackagain,toretraceone'sstepstotheupperair,there'stherub,thetask."(fromAeneid)DanteDurante

degli

Alighieri

(May/June

1265

-September

14,

1321),

commonly

known

as

Dante,

was

a

major

Italian

poet

of

the

Middle

Ages.

HisDivineComedy,originallycalledCommediaandlatercalledDivinabyBoccaccio,isconsideredthegreatestliteraryworkcomposedintheItalianlanguageandamasterpieceofworldliterature.SomethingaboutDivineComedyTheDivineComedyiscomposedof14,233linesthataredividedintothreecanticas(Ital.pl.cantiche)—Inferno(Hell),Purgatorio(Purgatory),andParadiso(Paradise)—eachconsistingof33cantos(Ital.pl.canti).SomethingaboutDivineComedyThepoemtellsofDante'sjourneythroughthethreerealmsofthedead,lastingfromthenightbeforeGoodFridaytotheWednesdayafterEasterinthespringof1300.TheRomanpoetVirgilguideshimthroughHellandPurgatory;Beatrice,Dante'sidealwoman,guideshimthroughHeaven.BeatricewasaFlorentinewomanwhomhehadmetinchildhoodandadmiredfromafarinthemodeofthethen-fashionablecourtlylovetraditionwhichishighlightedinDante'searlierworkLaVitaNuova.InfernoAllegorically,theInfernorepresentstheChristiansoulseeingsinforwhatitreallyis,andthethreebeastsrepresentthreetypesofsin:theself-indulgent,theviolent,andthemalicious.ThesethreetypesofsinalsoprovidethethreemaindivisionsofDante'sHell:UpperHell(thefirst5Circles)fortheself-indulgentsins;Circles6and7fortheviolentsins;andCircles8and9forthemalicioussins.theyhadtheirfacestwistedtowardtheirhaunchesandfounditnecessarytowalkbackward,becausetheycouldnotseeaheadofthem.…andsincehewantedsotoseeahead,helooksbehindandwalksabackwardpath.——aparagraphofInfernoPurgatoryAllegorically,thePurgatoriorepresentstheChristianlife.Christiansoulsarriveescortedbyanangel,singinginexituIsraeldeAegypto.InhisLettertoCangrande,DanteexplainsthatthisreferencetoIsraelleavingEgyptrefersbothtotheredemptionofChristandto"theconversionofthesoulfromthesorrowandmiseryofsintothestateofgrace."Appropriately,therefore,itisEasterSundaywhenDanteandVirgilarrive.PurgatoryDuringthepoem,Dantediscussesthedifferentstarsvisibleinthesouthernhemisphere,thealteredpositionofthesun,andthevarioustimezonesoftheEarth.Atthisstageitis,Dantesays,sunsetatJerusalem,midnightontheRiverGanges,andsunriseinPurgatory.Afteraninitialascension,BeatriceguidesDantethroughtheninecelestialspheresofHeaven.Theseareconcentricandspherical,asinAristotelianandPtolemaiccosmology.WhilethestructuresoftheInfernoandPurgatoriowerebasedondifferentclassificationsofsin,thestructureoftheParadisoisbasedonthefourcardinalvirtuesandthethreetheologicalvirtues.ParadiseDantemeetsandconverseswithseveralgreatsaintsoftheChurch,includingThomasAquinas,StBonaventure,StPeter,andStJohn.TheParadisoisconsequentlymoretheologicalinnaturethantheInfernoandthePurgatorio.However,Danteadmitsthevisionofheavenhereceivesistheonethathishumaneyespermithimtosee,andthevisionofheavenfoundintheCantosisDante'sownpersonalone.ParadiseTheDivineComedyfinisheswithDanteseeingtheTriuneGod.Inaflashofunderstanding,whichhecannotexpress,DantefinallyunderstandsthemysteryofChrist'sdivinityandhumanity,andhissoulbecomesalignedwithGod'slove.ParadiseButalreadymydesireandmywillwerebeingturnedlikeawheel,allatonespeed,bytheLovewhichmovesthesunandtheotherstars.——aparagraphofParadiseDantedoesnotnamehimselfinLaVitaNuova.HereferstoGuidoCavalcantias"thefirstofmyfriends",tohisownsisteras"ayoungandnoblelady...whowasrelatedtomebytheclosestconsanguinity",toBeatrice'sbrothersimilarlyasonewho"wassolinkedinconsanguinitytothegloriousladythatno-onewasclosertoher".Thereaderisinvitedintotheveryemotionalturmoilandlyricalstruggleoftheunnamedauthor'sownmindandallthesur