2020中考英语被动语态专题学习(含习题及答案)

英语被动语态英语被动语态被动语态被动语态就相当于我们中文的被字句英语中只有两种语态，一种为主动语态，另外一种为被动语态。主动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，谓语的动作源自主语，而施加于宾语表示主语是动作的承受者，主语是谓语动作的受动方汉语往往用"把"等动词来表示主动意义。汉语往往用"被""受"等被动词来表示被动意义。直接使用动词原形作为谓语基本形式：be+done（在英语里，过去分词往往表示被动与完成。）了解基本结构干十"4变化规则时态主动语态被动语态例句一般现在时v/vs/vesbe(am/is/are)+doneKitesisflownbyhim.风筝被他放一般过去时vedwas/were+doneIwasinvitedtothemeetinglastnight.我做完被邀请出席会议

现在进行时bedoingbebeingdoneAnewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一条新铁路正在修建。过去进行时was/weredoingwas/werebeingdoneThecarwasbeingrepairedatthattime.那时候这台车正在被修。一般将来时willdowillbedoneCarswillbesentabroadbysea.begoingtodobegoingtobedoneTheroomisgoingtobecleaned.房间将被打扫。现在完成时has/havedonehas/havebeendoneHisbookhasbeenbroughthere.情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+bedoneAgreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.主动语态与被动语态的互换IIA将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的谓语动词改为"be+done"结构；将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）Eg:Hecleanstheroom.fTheroomiscleanedbyhim.B含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for。Eg:Hegavetheboyanapple.fTheboywasgivenanapple.fAnapplewasgiventotheboy.以下动词与介词to搭配award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,recommend（推荐），sell,send,serve（招待），show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,writeEg:Herfatherboughtherapresent.fShewasboughtapresentbyherfather.fApresentwasboughtforherbyherfather.）以下动词与介词for搭配：boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leavemake,order,pick,prepare,reserve（预留），sing,saveC不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加to:Eg:Theywatchedthechildrensingthatmorning.fThechildrenwerewatchedtosingthatmorning.D带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。Eg:WecallhimLeeSing.fHeiscalledLeeSing.Hecuthishairshort.fHishairwascutshort.Theytoldhimtohelpme.fHewastoldtohelpme.E短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。Eg:Wemusttakegoodcareoftheyoungtrees.fTheyoungtreesmustbetakengoodcareof.F含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式。可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。Itissaidthat...据说Itisreportedthat…据报道Itisthoughtthat…大家认为Itisbelievedthat...有人相信用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedoneThehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired).这房子需要修理。Myclothesneedwashing(tobewashed).我的衣服需要洗了不用被动语态的动词：不及物动词(vi.)女口:happen,takeplace,appear,disappear…Atrafficaccident(happen)justnow.连系动词(Link.v.)女口：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera(sound)beautifulI.用动词的适当形式填空：Thefirstchocolate(eat)peopleinSouthAmericahundredsofyearsago.Inthosedays,thepeopledidnotreallyeatchocolate.Theyusedthecocoabeantomakeachocolatedrinkandtheyenjoyeditverymuch.Manyyearslater,thecocoabean(bring)toothercountriesandpeoplecametolovethetasteofchocolate.In1824,JohnCadbury(open)asmallshopinBritain.Oneofthethingsthey(sell)waschocolatedrink.In1831,heopenedafactorytomakechocolatedrink.Hewantedtoencouragepeopletodrinkchocolateinsteadofotherdrinks.Afewyearslater,aman(call)JosephFryfoundawaytomakechocolateinsteadofonlydrinkingit.Butatthattimechocolatewasveryexpensiveandonlytherichpeoplecouldbuyit.Later,asmoreandmorechocolatebars(produceandsell),itbecamecheaper.However,atfirstonlyplainchocolate(akindofchocolatewithoutmilkandwithverylittlesugar)(produce).Milkchocolatecamelaterandthis(make)byaddingmilktothechocolate.Thefirstmilkchocolatebar(make)inCadbury'sfactoryin1897.Theirmostfamouschocolate,Cadbury'sMilkBar,(make)in1905.IthasbeenthemostpopularchocolateinBritainandaroundthewo